World Class Elite Breaststrokers Downward Kick EMG Muscle Activity of the Gluteus Maximus, Quadriceps Femoris, Hamstring, Gastrocnemius Medialis, Rectus Abdominal, and Erector Spinae

This study analyzed the difference between using a downward breaststroke kick and a horizontal breaststroke kick in a sample of world class elite swimmers.We compared average muscle activity of the gluteus maximus,quadriceps femoris(vastus medialis and rectus femoris),hamstring/long head of the biceps femoris,gastrocnemius medialis,rectus abdominal,and erector spinae when using the downward breaststroke kick technique.We find that when this sample of swimmers utilized the downward breaststroke kick,max speed and velocity per stroke increased,measured by 12,788 EMG samples,where the results are highly correlated to duration of the aerodynamic buoyant force in breaststroke kick technique.The increases in performance observed from measuring the world class elite swimmers is highly correlated to the duration of the kick aerodynamic buoyant force.Among this sample of elite swimmers,the longer a swimmer demonstrates a buoyant force breaststroke kick,the lower the time in a 100 breaststroke.

The Integration Strategy of Class Teacher Management and Mathematics Teaching

The professional and moral education of high school mathematics teachers will make classroom management work better,but their work pressure will also lead to classroom management problems.To do a good job in high school class teacher management and organically integrate it with mathematics teaching,we need to start from two aspects:mathematics teaching class teachers and class teacher work teaching,and penetrate mathematical thinking into daily classroom management,moral education,and classroom culture construction.Based on the attributes of the subject,we guide high school students to reflect after class to stimulate their self-management initiative through the cultivation of qualified class representatives.In addition,it is necessary to skillfully resolve classroom generative problems,change the roles of teachers and students,and integrate classroom management with mathematics teaching.

A Case Study on the Effectiveness of Pre-Class Activities in Higher Vocational English Classes: Taking Pingliang Vocational and Technical College as an Example

Based on Bloom’s“effective teaching theory,”this paper proposes pre-class activities to improve students’enthusiasm and autonomy in English learning.These include sentence construction,situational dubbing,famous quotes,English songs,English games,Chinese stories,regional cultures,and theme debates,which combine life,interest,and inspiration as the main characteristics.The activities can enhance the sense of participation and achievement of all students to achieve the purpose of effective teaching.

Classification and Net Primary Productivity of the Southern China's Grasslands Ecosystem Based on Improved Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System(CSCS) Approach

This research classified vegetation types and evaluated net primary productivity （NPP） of southern China＇s grasslands based on the improved comprehensive and sequential classification system （CSCS）, and proposed 5 thermal grades and 6 humidity grades. Four classes of grasslands vegetation were recognized by improved CSCS, namely, tundra grassland class, typical grassland class, mixed grassland class and alpine grassland class. At the type level, 14 types of vegetations （9 grasslands and 5 forests） were classified. The NPP had a trend to decrease from east to west and south to north, and the annual mean NPP was estimated to be 656.3 g C m-2 yr-1. The NPP value of alpine grassland class was relatively high, generally more than 1200 g C m2 yr-1. The NPP value of mixed grassland class was in a range from 1 000 to 1200 g C m-2 yr-1. Tundra grassland class was located in southeastern Tibet with high elevation, and its NPP value was the lowest （〈600 g C m＇2yrl）. The typical grassland class distributed in most of the area, and its NPP value was generally from 600 to 1000 g C m-2 yr-1. The total NPP value in the study area was 68.46 Tg C. The NPP value of typical grassland class was the highest （48.44 Tg C）, and mixed grassland class was the second （16.54 Tg C）, followed by alpine grassland class （3.22 Tg C）, with tundra grassland class being the lowest （0.25 Tg C）. For all the grasslands types, the total NPP of forest meadow was the highest （34.81 Tg C）, followed by sparse forest brush （16.54 Tg C）, and montane meadow was the lowest （0.01 Tg C）.

Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia:a double-edged sword

Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system,including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic nerve.Still,it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective properties.Olfactory ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor,one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion cells.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve crush.Olfactory ensheathing glia cells from an established rat immortalized clonal cell line,TEG3,were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive treatments.Anatomical and gene expression analyses were performed.Olfactory bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex classⅡmolecules.Allogeneically and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days,forming an epimembrane.In axotomized retinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 days.In these retinas,microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush alone.In intact retinas,both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher after allotransplantation,triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or immunosuppression.However,neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not improve with these treatments.The different neuroprotective properties,different toxic effects,and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

Outside Class Reading Contributes to English Learning --A Survey of Non-English Major University Students＇ Opinions on the Relation between Outside Class Reading in English and English Learning

The writer makes a survey among her students to know their opinions on the relation between outside class reading in English and English learning. After the analysis of the results, this paper points out that outside class reading plays a positive role in English learning. Furthermore, some suggestions are made in the end.

ANALYSIS OF THE MUTUAL INFORMATION BETWEEN INPUT AND OUTPUT OF A CLASS OF CLOCK-CONTROLLED SEQUENCES

In this paper, the mutual information between clock-controlled input and output sequences is discussed. It is proved that the mutual information is a strictly monotone increasing function of the length of output sequence, and its divergent rate is gaven.

Hybrid treatment of varied orthodontic appliances for a patient with skeletal class II and temporomandibular joint disorders:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The relation between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders(TMDs)is under debate;the management of TMD during orthodontic treatment has always been a challenge.If TMD symptoms occur during orthodontic treatment,an immediate pause of orthodontic adjustments is recommended;the treatment can resume when the symptoms are managed and stabilized.CASE SUMMARY This case report presents a patient(26-year-old,female)with angle class I,skeletal class II and TMDs.The treatment was a hybrid of clear aligners,fixed appliances and temporary anchorage devices(TADs).After 3 mo resting and treatment on her TMD,the patient’s TMD symptom alleviated,but her anterior occlusion displayed deep overbite.Therefore,the fixed appliances with TAD were used to correct the anterior deep-bite and level maxillary and mandibular deep curves.After the levelling,the patient showed dual bite with centric relation and maximum intercuspation discrepancy on her occlusion.After careful examination of temporomandibular joints(TMJ)position,the stable bite splint and Invisible Mandibular Advancement appliance were used to reconstruct her occlusion.Eventually,the improved facial appearance and relatively stable occlusion were achieved.The 1-year follow-up records showed there was no obvious change in TMJ morphology,and her occlusion was stable.CONCLUSION TMD screening and monitoring is of great clinical importance in the TMD susceptible patients.Hybrid treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances and TADs is an effective treatment modality for the complex cases.

Class Imbalanced Problem:Taxonomy,Open Challenges,Applications and State-of-the-Art Solutions

The study of machine learning has revealed that it can unleash new applications in a variety of disciplines.Many limitations limit their expressiveness,and researchers are working to overcome them to fully exploit the power of data-driven machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques.The data imbalance presents major hurdles for classification and prediction problems in machine learning,restricting data analytics and acquiring relevant insights in practically all real-world research domains.In visual learning,network information security,failure prediction,digital marketing,healthcare,and a variety of other domains,raw data suffers from a biased data distribution of one class over the other.This article aims to present a taxonomy of the approaches for handling imbalanced data problems and their comparative study on the classification metrics and their application areas.We have explored very recent trends of techniques employed for solutions to class imbalance problems in datasets and have also discussed their limitations.This article has also identified open challenges for further research in the direction of class data imbalance.

Analysis of the Energy and Environmental Sustainability of a Built Space System: The Case of Patte d’Oie University Campus in Ouagadougou

The aim of this study was to carry out a dynamic simulation of the energy and environmental performance of a built space system, with a view to assessing its energy and environmental class. The use of a simulation and modeling tool, supported by various methodological references, formed the basis of our approach. Adopting a systemic perspective, we described the structural and functional aspects of the systems making up built spaces, as well as the associated energy flows. Our approach was also based on a typology, taking into account typical days, structural and functional configurations at different scales and angles of observation. The analysis tool we developed in Java was applied to the built space system of the Patte d’Oie university campus in Ouagadougou. Annual electricity consumption was measured at 124387.34 kWh, closely aligned with the average annual electricity bill (125224.31 kWh), with a maximum relative deviation of 1%, followed by a carbon emission balance of 58337.66 kg eq CO2 per year. This validation confirmed the effectiveness of our tool. In addition, following the analysis of electricity consumption using our tool, the university campus was classified in energy class B and environmental class C. These results will be based on the emission factors of the energy mix of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) territory, with particular emphasis on Burkina Faso.

Extensive numerical simulations on competitive growth between the Edwards–Wilkinson and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality classes

Extensive numerical simulations and scaling analysis are performed to investigate competitive growth between the linear and nonlinear stochastic dynamic growth systems, which belong to the Edwards–Wilkinson(EW) and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang(KPZ) universality classes, respectively. The linear growth systems include the EW equation and the model of random deposition with surface relaxation(RDSR), the nonlinear growth systems involve the KPZ equation and typical discrete models including ballistic deposition(BD), etching, and restricted solid on solid(RSOS). The scaling exponents are obtained in both the(1 + 1)-and(2 + 1)-dimensional competitive growth with the nonlinear growth probability p and the linear proportion 1-p. Our results show that, when p changes from 0 to 1, there exist non-trivial crossover effects from EW to KPZ universality classes based on different competitive growth rules. Furthermore, the growth rate and the porosity are also estimated within various linear and nonlinear growths of cooperation and competition.

A Survey Research on Agricultural College Undergraduates' Attitudes towards In-class and Out-of-class Activities Based on the Mixed Teaching Model

In order to study the effects of in-class and out-of-class activities of college English based on the mixed teaching model on the fostering of students' English learning and application ability,the attitudes of 215 freshmen of Agricultural College,Yanbian University towards inclass and out-of-class activities and their participation and completion of tasks were investigated by a questionnaire. The results show that a series of in-class and out-of-class activities could help improve the students' language competence as well as non-language competence such as learning strategies,emotional attitudes,and cultural awareness. The implementation and effect of school online courses were inferior to classroom teaching,but they provide reference and experience for future mixed teaching.

Research and Practice of Flipped Classroom Teaching Mode of Integrated Business English Course Under MOOC Environment

As an online course-teaching mode,Massive Open Online Course(MOOC)has drawn great attention from both teachers and students.It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of MOOC resources and to enhance teachers’consciousness of“identity remodeling”in the process of Integrated Business English flipping classroom teaching.Combining the advantages of MOOC and flipped classroom teaching during before-,during-,and after-class will greatly help promote the overall quality of business English teaching in universities.

A Case Study on Ideological and Political Teaching Mode of College English Course in Minority Classes

Based on the characteristics of College English teaching in minority classes,this paper analyzes the ideological and political teaching cases of College English courses in ethnic minority classes from four aspects:before-class,in-class(flipped classroom teaching),after-class,and teaching design feedback(feedback on students’learning situation,teaching content and methods),starts from the three aspects of knowledge impartation,ability improvement,and value guidance,and integrates the course ideology and politics into the theme,language,and reality,so as to form a“one point and three sides”course ideological and political teaching model.

Application of the PAD Class Teaching Model in High School Education

The teaching mode of the Presentation-Assimilation-Discussion(PAD)class is beneficial to adapt to the objective needs of the transformation of modern talent training mode and optimize the ecology of classroom teaching.In the process of high school teaching,we should pay attention to grasp the concept,effectiveness,and goal orientation of the PAD class,follow the basic steps of knowledge teaching,internalization and absorption,mutual learning,discussion,and exchange,and realize the cultivation of core subject literacy in the process of two-way interaction between teaching and learning.

实现一流技能 领跑世界经济——英国白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skillsin England

英国新的创新、大学与技能部于2007年发布了白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skills in England,从世界一流技能的目标、支持个人改善技能、增加雇主的发言权、创设新型的技术发展伙伴关系和重视年轻人工作和生活所需技能的培训等五个方面,阐述了英国提高全社会劳动力技能的计划及措施,以确保英国在2020年成为世界经济的领跑者。

Predictors of non-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation in patients with class Ⅰ indications: the markedly dilated left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and the presence of fragmented QRS

Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)is a highly effective treatment in patients with a class I recommendation.However,a small proportion of the strictly selected patients still fail to respond.This study was designed to identify predictors of non-response in patients with class I indications for CRT and determine the non-response probability of the patients.Methods A total of 296 consecutive patients with a class I recommendation received CRT from January 2009 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for non-response(defined as cardiac death,heart transplantation,or HF hospitalization during 1-year follow-up).Results Among 296 patients,30(10.1%)met non-response.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that non-response to CRT was associated with a fragmented QRS(odd ratio(OR)=2.86,95%CI:1.14–7.12;P=0.025)and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD)≥77 mm(OR=3.02,95%CI:1.17–7.82;P=0.022).Patients with both of the predictors had a non-response probability of 46.2%(95%CI:19.1%–73.3%).Conclusion In patients with left bundle branch block and wider QRS duration,the proportion of non-response to CRT is not low in real world.The presence of the dilated LVEDD or fragmented QRS is a strong predictor of non-response to CRT.The probability of non-response in the patients with the two predictors was 46.2%.

Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and classⅢβ-tubulin in survival for nonmetastatic rectal cancer

AIM To assess the long-term prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1(VEGFR1)and classⅢβ-tubulin(TUBB3)mRNA expression in nonmetastatic rectal cancer.METHODS A total of 75 consecutive patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer from March 2004 to November 2008 were analyzed retrospectively at our institute.The mRNA expressions of VEGFR1 and TUBB3 were detected by multiplex branched DNA liquid-chip technology.The Cutoff Finder application was applied to determine cutoff point of mRNA expression.SPSS software version 22.0was used for analysis.RESULTS The median follow-up was 102.7 mo(range,6-153.6).Theχ~2 and Fisher’s exact tests showed that VEGFR1expression was related to lymph node metastasis(P=0.013),while no relationships between TUBB3 and clinicopathological features were observed.Univariate analysis showed that T stage,lymph node metastasis,tumor differentiation,VEGFR1 and TUBB3 mRNA expression were correlated to overall survival(OS)(P=0.048,P=0.003,P=0.052,P=0.003 and P=0.015,respectively).Also,lymph node metastasis and VEGFR1expression independently influenced OS by multivariate analysis(P=0.027 and P=0.033).VEGFR1 expression was positively correlated with TUBB3(P=0.024).The patients with low expression of both TUBB3 and VEGFR1 presented a better OS(P=0.003).In addition,the receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that the combination of lymph node metastasis and VEGFR1 had a more favorable prognostic value(P<0.001).CONCLUSION VEGFR1 expression and lymph node metastasis independently and jointly affect survival.Moreover,low expression of VEGFR1 and TUBB3 presented a better OS in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer,which might serve as a potential prognostic factor.

Phytoplankton size class derived from phytoplankton absorption and chlorophyll-a concentrations in the northern South China Sea

A previously developed model was modified to derive three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano-, and pico-phytoplankton) from the overall chlorophyll-a concentration, assuming that each class has a specific absorption coefficient. The modified model performed well using in-situ data from the northern South China Sea, and the results were reliable and accurate. The relative errors of the size-fractioned chlorophyll-a concentration for each size class were: micro-:21%, nano-:41%, pico-:26%, and nano+pico:23%. The model was then applied on ocean color remote sensing data to examine the distribution and variation of phytoplankton size classes in northern South China Sea on a large scale.