Scattering of plane P waves by circular-arc layered alluvial valleys: An analytical solution

An analytical solution for scattering of plane P waves by circular-arc layered alluvial valleys was derived by Fourier-Bessel series expansion technique, and the solution was utilized to analyze the effects of alluvial sequence and their relative stiffness on the scattering of incident waves.

Experimental study on surface arc plasma actuation-based hypersonic boundary layer transition flow control

Effective control of hypersonic transition is essential.In order to avoid affecting the structural proflle of the aircraft,as well as reducing power consumption and electromagnetic interference,a low-frequency surface arc plasma disturbance experiment to promote hypersonic transition was carried out in theΦ0.25 m double-throat Ludwieg tube wind tunnel at Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Contacting printed circuit board sensors and non-contact focused laser differential interferometry testing technology were used in combination.Experimental results showed that the low-frequency surface arc plasma actuation had obvious stimulation effects on the second-mode unstable wave and could promote boundary layer transition by changing the spectral characteristics of the second-mode unstable wave.At the same time,the plasma actuation could promote energy exchange between the second-mode unstable wave and other unstable waves.Finally,the corresponding control mechanism is discussed.

Microstructures and properties of the nitrided layers fabricated on titanium substrate by direct current nitrogen arc melting technique

The nitrided layers mainly containing TiN dendrites were fabricated by direct current nitrogen arc melting method. The test results show that the layers are harder and more resistant to wear than the titanium substrate. Arc traveling speeds and arc currents have an effect on both the microstructures and the properties of the layers. Decreasing the arc traveling speed or increasing the arc current can obviously enhance the hardness and the wear resistance of the nitrided layers.

Effects of a covering layer in a circular-arc canyon on incident plane SV waves

An analytical solution for scattering of incident plane SV waves by a circular-arc canyon with a covering layer was derived by Fourier-Bessel series expansion technique, and the solution was utilized to analyze the effects of the covering layer on incident plane SV waves. It was shown that the covering layer in a canyon, even if it is very thin, amplifies incident plane SV waves tremendously, and the amplification can be two and half times more than that for a simple canyon; the stiffness and thickness of the covering layer also have great effects on incident plane SV waves.

STUDY ON THE TRANSPORT MECHANISM IN THE ANODE BOUNDARY LAYER OF WELDING ARGON ARC

The anode region of welding arc is divided into three subzones: the anode boundary layer, the presheath and the sheath. A model is established for analyzing the transport mechanism in the anode boundary layer. The computer program is designed and the governing equations of the dominating processes with the boundary conditions taken from the solutions of LTE plasmas are solved by applying the Runge-Kutta procedure. One parameter θ, the ratio of the heavy particle temperature at the free-fall edge to the anode surface temperature, is introduced into this study. The results indicate that then the parameter θ is equal to 6, the predicted heat flux at the anode surface matches the measured one. Based on the model, various plasma properties in the boundary layer can be obtained. The calculated results are in good agreement with the measurements.

The Copper Thin Layer Deposition by Pulse Vacuum-Arc Sprayer

In this work, the deposition process features of a copper coating on stainless steel substrate, using the pulse vacuum arc spraying method were researched. A continuous layer of copper was deposited on a stainless steel substrate, and a high degree of coating adhesion to the substrate was demonstrated. The thickness of coating using application time was calculated, and the surface unevenness was estimated. Inside the coating layer substrate material elements were observed, that could appear as a result of simultaneously plasma spraying on the surface of the substrate. The feature of this method was discovered, that surface plasma plays a significant role in the deposition process. Finally, it was shown that the device with a pulsed arc could effectively be used in industry, since it is possible to change the layer thickness in the range of hundreds of microns by varying the deposition time.

Graphene Flakes in Arc Plasma: Conditions for the Fast Single-Layer Growth

The results of systematic numerical studies of graphene flakes growth in low-temperature arc discharge plasmas are presented. Diffusion-based growth model was developed, verified using the previously published experiments, and used to investigate the principal effects of the process parameters such as plasma density, electron temperature, surface temperature and time of growth on the size and structure of the plasma-grown graphene flakes. It was demonstrated that the higher growth temperatures result in larger graphene flakes reaching 5 μm, and simultaneously, lead to much lower density of the carbon atoms adsorbed on the flake surface. The low density of the carbon adatoms reduces the probability of the additional graphene layer nucleation on surface of growing flake, thus eventually resulting in the synthesis of the most valuable single-layered graphenes.

基于Arc View GIS煤矿安全生产地理信息系统的开发

为了全面提高和改善煤矿企业的安全管理水平,针对煤矿空间数据较多的实际情况,结合ArcView的突出特色空间数据和属性数据动态关联统一管理的特点,采用ArcViewGIS和VB、VC等软件进行煤矿安全生产地理信息系统的开发。系统的开发过程是开放性的,用户可以根据生产过程中的实际变化对系统中的视图和属性表进行实时的增删、修改等编辑操作,使系统不断得以更新和完善。实践证明该系统运行可靠性较高、稳定性好、实用性较强。

ArcGIS图层矢量化功能在地理国情普查中的应用

在地理国情普查工作中,利用Arc GIS图层矢量化功能对高分辨率的数字正射影像图(DOM)进行地理信息矢量化提取,结合各部门各行业的专题数据,实现地表覆盖、道路、水域、构筑物和地理单元的信息化整合,完成了地理信息数据库的建立.研究结果表明,应用Arc GIS强大的地理空间图形编辑和数据处理能力,把握其方便、快捷、易操作的功能特点,探索Arc GIS的操作技巧,可极大提高地理国情普查的工作效率.

Effect of auxiliary TIG arc on formation and microstructures of aluminum alloy/stainless steel joints made by MIG welding-brazing process

A new hybrid welding process was successfully used to join aluminum alloy and stainless steel. In the MIG welding-brazing process, the lower thermal conductivity of steel can cause dramatic change of temperature gradient on steel surface, while the auxiliary TIG arc can change this phenomenon by heating the steel side. The auxiliary TIG improved the wettability of molten metal, resulting in the molten metal spreading fully on upper surfaces, front and back surface of steel, forming a sound brazing joint; the content of Cr and Ni elements in IMCs layer was increased, which can enhance the quality of the layer; and the microstructure of IMCs layer also was improved, increasing the bonding strength with the weld seam. The average tensile strength of the joint obtained with auxiliary TIG arc（146.7 MPa） was higher than that without auxiliary TIG arc（96.7 MPa）.

Research of precise pulse plasma arc powder welding technology of thin-walled inner hole parts

The inner hole parts played an oriented or supporting role in engineering machinery and equipment,which are prone to appear surface damages such as wear,strain and corrosion. The precise pulse plasma arc powder welding method is used for surface damage repairing of inner hole parts in this paper. The working principle and process of the technology are illustrated,and the microstructure and property of repairing layer by precise pulse plasma powder welding and CO2 gas shielded welding are tested and observed by microscope,micro hardness tester and X-ray residual stress tester etc. Results showed that the substrate deformation of thin-walled inner hole parts samples by precise pulse plasma powder welding is relatively small. The repair layer and substrate is metallurgical bonding,the transition zones( including fusion zone and heat affected zone) are relatively narrow and the welding quality is good. It showed that the thin-walled inner hole parts can be repaired by this technology and equipment.

Wire and arc additive manufacturing of 4043 Al alloy using a cold metal transfer method

Cold metal transfer plus pulse(C+P)arc was applied in the additive manufacturing of 4043 Al alloy parts.Parameters in the manufacturing of the parts were investigated.The properties and microstructure of the parts were also characterized.Experimental results showed that welding at a speed of 8 mm/s and a wire feeding speed of 4.0 m/min was suitable to manufacture thin-walled parts,and the reciprocating scanning method could be adopted to manufacture thick-walled parts.The thin-walled parts of the C+P mode had fewer pores than those of the cold metal transfer(CMT)mode.The thin-and thick-walled parts of the C+P mode showed maximum tensile strengths of 172 and 178 MPa,respectively.Hardness decreased at the interface and in the coarse dendrite and increased in the refined grain area.

Preparation and corrosion resistance of the micro-arc oxidation coating on Al_2O_3f/ZL109 composites

A ceramic layer was prepared on the surface of Al2O3f/ZL109 composites by means of micro-arc oxidation （MAO） technique. The surface morphology and phase constituent of the ceramic layer were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The polarization curves of the composites before and after MAO treatment were measured and analyzed. The results showed that after Al2O3f/ZL109 composites were treated using MAO technique in silicate solution, the ceramic layer formed, and it was composed of Al, Si, and mullite phase. Al and Si came from Al alloy matrix of the composites, and the mullite phase formed in process of MAO. Al2O3 fiber in the composites affects the electric conductivity of the composites, the MAO reaction is promoted, and the cera- mic layer forming on the composite material side is slightly thicker than that on the Al alloy side. After Al2O3f/ZL109 composites were treated using MAO technique, the corro- sion resistance of the composites is significantly improved.

使用ARC/INFO ARCSTORM管理大比例尺地图探讨

本文探讨了如何用ARC／INFO7．0的扩展模块ARCSTORM在计算机上实现对大比例尺地图的有效管理，并阐述建库的一般原理和思路。

Study on Properties of Ti(C,N)/TiN Multi-Element-layer Films Plus Nanometer Lubrication Dry Films

Ti(C,N)/TiN multi-element-layer films was deposited on aluminium alloy substrates by using multi-arc ion plating. The microhardness of the films was 2000HV0.i which was nearly 21 times of that of the substrates. XRD analysis show that the main composition of the composite films system were Ti(C,N), TiN, Al3Ti, Al and a little Ti2N. The presence of MjTi new phase in the interface of the films/substrates indicated some metallurgical bonding between them, which implies higher adhesive strength of the films/substrates system. Pin-on-disc tests showed that the wear resistance of the substrates was improved substantially. However, the coefficient of friction of the films/substrate system was high (u=0.66), which resulted in the wear of the counterparts. To reduce the coefficient of friction, nanometer lubrication dry films was applied on top of the multi-element-layer films to form composite films system and subsequent wear tests showed that the resulting composite films led to reduction of the coefficient of friction from 0.66 to 0.16. Meanwhile, wear mass loss of the counterpart was reduced from 1.29 mg to 0.02 mg, so that increased wear resistance and reduced friction effects were achieved.

Improving wear resistance of magnesium alloy AZ91D by TiN-CrN multilayer coating

Applying a novel method of arc-glow plasma depositing, a 2μm-thick coating with 12 sub-layers of TiN and CrN was deposited alternately on the surface of magnesium alloy AZ91D to improve its wear resistance. The wear behavior was investigated by test of ball on disc sliding. The composition and microstructure of the coating were also analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and glow discharge spectrum (GDS), and the morphology of TiN-CrN film was surveyed through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atom force microscopy (AFM).The adhesion strength between film and matrix was evaluated by ways of stick-peeling test. The surface micro-hardness of the coating is above HK0.011 433, and the specific wear ratio of specimens coated with TiN-CrN films tested decreases greatly compared to that of the bare metal.

短电弧车削蜂窝环重铸层影响实验研究

蜂窝密封结构是当代航空发动机的先进高效密封结构,传统加工难以满足其加工质量要求,且一般电加工效率低,因此选择短电弧车削。针对材料为GH3536的蜂窝密封环进行实验,为研究不同参数对其加工后重铸层的影响,设置单因素试验,以重铸层厚度和微观形貌作为检测指标,分析电流及电压波形图、工件表面扫描电镜图、截面金相图和表面能谱图。结果证明:重铸层厚度随电压和进给速度增加而增加,随工件和电极转速增加而减小,且表面质量有相同的趋势,多槽挡板电极可以得到更好的冲液效果,重铸层更薄且表面质量更好。因此,适当降低电压和进给速度、提高工件和电极转速,以及采用多槽挡板电极,可减少微裂纹、冲蚀凹坑、褶皱和熔滴颗粒等现象,提高工件表面质量,降低重铸层厚度。

等离子弧熔覆Fe-C-B-V系耐磨堆焊层的组织及性能研究

以硼铁、高碳铬铁、钒铁为原料,采用等离子弧熔覆技术在Q345钢表面堆焊Fe-C-B-V系铁基合金。使用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等研究了堆焊层的显微组织;分别使用维氏硬度计和冲击试验机测量堆焊层的显微硬度和冲击韧性。结果表明,堆焊层显微组织主要由马氏体、网格状Fe_(3)(C,B)和Fe_(2)B、弥散分布的碳化物及硼化物等(如VB_(2)、VC、Cr_(2)B)硬质相构成;堆焊层的平均硬度高达904.58 HV10、冲击功为68.5 J。堆焊过程中形成的硼化物、碳化物作为硬质相提高了堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性,形成的碳化钒使组织从鱼骨状变成网格状,细化了晶粒,提高了堆焊层的冲击韧性。

三门峡断陷盆地及邻区深部结构及成因——来自深地震反射与大地电磁测深的证据

近年来,围绕三门峡断陷盆地中的油气、地热资源做了大量的工作,成因机制研究较少,严重制约了矿产资源的勘探开发。本文在前人研究工作基础上,结合野外地质调查并利用高精度深反射地震剖面、大地电磁(MT)、重磁等地球物理探测技术,对三门峡盆地进行综合研究。发现三门峡盆地主要由东、西2个负花状构造构成,西花状构造体大于东花状构造体;盆地东部边缘以观音堂隆起与洛阳凹陷相邻,观音堂隆起发育有壳内透镜状低速体,其东、西两侧均发育有规模较大的隐伏逆断层。研究区内莫霍面为大约5 km厚度滑脱层,在深反射地震剖面上表现为蚯蚓状反射特征,指示滑脱层为西向运动。莫霍面滑脱层上部与下部新发现多条弧形断层。地质与地球物理资料综合研究表明,莫霍面滑脱层的解耦作用是三门峡断陷盆地花状构造形成的主因;在不同时空构造力系作用下,形成研究区新生代全地壳旋转花状构造盆地。

搭接中心距对电弧增材熔池流动及熔积层形貌影响的数值模拟

搭接中心距对电弧增材搭接熔积的熔池流动及熔积层形貌有重要影响,为探究其影响机理,建立了钨极气体保护焊(Tungsten inert gas welding, TIG)电弧增材成形过程的三维数值模型,研究了不同搭接中心距对熔池流动及熔积层形貌的影响。结果表明:不同搭接中心距下熔池表面温度峰值相近,约为1900 K,表面流速呈非对称的双峰式分布。当搭接中心距小时,由于第一道焊道的支撑作用,使得第二道焊道横截面熔池流动和形貌不对称,熔池深而窄,熔池流动为单向的顺时针环流,左侧流速普遍大于右侧;随着搭接中心距的增大,第一道焊道的支撑作用逐步减弱,使得搭接焊道横截面熔池流动逐渐变为以第二道焊枪中心线为对称轴,左侧顺时针、右侧逆时针的两个环流,两侧流动逐渐对称,搭接熔池宽度逐渐增大、深度逐渐减小,两焊道逐渐分离并出现波谷,当搭接中心距为6 mm时熔积层形貌最平整。模拟与试验结果基本吻合,本研究结果可为电弧增材工艺参数调控提供理论支撑。