Eco-geographical regionalization involves dividing land into regions by considering both intra-regional consistency and interregional disparity and is based on the pattern of differentiation of eco-geographical elemen...Eco-geographical regionalization involves dividing land into regions by considering both intra-regional consistency and interregional disparity and is based on the pattern of differentiation of eco-geographical elements.Owing to the complexity of the land surface,and the limitation of data and appropriate methods,regions in China have hitherto been mapped manually,meaning that the process of mapping was non-repeatable.To make the regionalization technique repeatable,this study aimed to extract and quantify the expert knowledge of regionalization using an automated method.The rough set method was adopted to extract rules of regionalization based on the existing eco-geographical regionalization map of China,as well as its corresponding meteorological and geological datasets.Then,the rules for regionalization were obtained hierarchically for each natural domain,each temperature zone,and each humidity region.Owing to differences in zonal differentiation,the rule extraction sequence for the eastern monsoon zone and Tibetan Alpine zone was temperature zone first followed by humidity region,with the reverse order being applied for the northwest arid/semi-arid zone.Results show that the extracted indicators were similar to those of the existing(expert-produced)regionalization scheme but more comprehensive.The primary indicator for defining temperature zones was the≥10℃ growing season,and the secondary indicators were the January and July mean temperatures.The primary and secondary indicators for identifying humid regions were aridity index and precipitation,respectively.Eco-geographical regions were mapped over China using these rules and the gridded indicators.Both the temperature zones and humidity regions mapped by the rules show≥85%consistency with the existing regionalization,which is higher than values for mapping by the commonly used simplified method that uses the classification of one indicator.This study demonstrates that the proposed rough set method can establish eco-geographical regionalization that is quantitative and repeatable and able to dynamically updated.展开更多
Daily temperature data from 599 stations across China for the years 1961 to 2007 were used to analyze the changes in the natural regional boundaries.The results show that the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ and its du...Daily temperature data from 599 stations across China for the years 1961 to 2007 were used to analyze the changes in the natural regional boundaries.The results show that the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ and its duration changed dramatically from the end of 1990s to the early 21st century.The amplitude of natu-ral regional boundaries was greater in the 21st century than it was in the 20th century.In the eastern region of China,the climatic zones were migrating generally northward,with the northern edge of the subtropical zone and the eastern section of the warm temperate zone showing an obvious northward shift of up to 1 3° of lati-tude.The climatic zones moved south in the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau,western Inner Mongolia,and some ar-eas of western Xinjiang,and slightly to the north in other parts of the western region.展开更多
Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China's regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zo...Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China's regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China's regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China's eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper.展开更多
In metropolitan regions, the change in the strength of "flows" between a core city and surrounding cities re-flects the range of the core city's influence, while the gravity between core city and other c...In metropolitan regions, the change in the strength of "flows" between a core city and surrounding cities re-flects the range of the core city's influence, while the gravity between core city and other cities reflects the strength of potential relation between them. This article firstly attempts to delimit the boundary of metropolitan regions with the two dimensions measure combining "flows" and gravitation. The former is measured through the flow of people be-tween the core city and surrounding cities, and the latter is measured through both population and gross domestic products (GDP) of the core city and surrounding cities. The hierarchy of the cities within a metropolitan region is classified in order to emphasize the roles of the cities belonging to the metropolitan regions, different from the general way through population scale and administrative level, and is typical in China. This paper uses the Shanghai metropolitan region as a research case, determining boundary of this metropolitan region clearly and classifying hierarchy of the cities within the region. The final results are significantly different to previous work, even overthrowing the traditional system of urban hierarchy partly. It is helpful to highlight the function of cities in organizing the regional economy, the level structure of metropolitan regions, and each city's relative importance in a metropolitan region, which can be taken as scientific basis for planning integrated regions or urban systems.展开更多
Great earthquakes of Chinese mainland and its vicinity usually cluster in certain regions during certain periods. We call it major regions of great earthquakes, or major regions briefly in this paper.The major regions...Great earthquakes of Chinese mainland and its vicinity usually cluster in certain regions during certain periods. We call it major regions of great earthquakes, or major regions briefly in this paper.The major regions of different periods can migrate through long distance in space. We have studied mechanism of formation of major regions. It is proposed that the ductile layer of the lithosphere is the place where the major regions form, and deformation of the ductile layer controls the locations and shape of major regions. and the actions of the plate boundaries around the continent are the main driving forces. A two-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model is established to model the deformation field and Stress field of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity The boundary of the model is divided into 12 segments to represent non-uniform of boundary conditions. The stress concentration areas in the continental ductile Iayer are simulated under various compoundings of different boundary scgments. Six models are worked out in which the stress con centration regions are consistent with the realistic major regions. It is proved that stress concentfation regions can be produced in the ductile layer which are roughly in agreement with the realistic major regions under various actions of different boundary segments.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41530749)。
文摘Eco-geographical regionalization involves dividing land into regions by considering both intra-regional consistency and interregional disparity and is based on the pattern of differentiation of eco-geographical elements.Owing to the complexity of the land surface,and the limitation of data and appropriate methods,regions in China have hitherto been mapped manually,meaning that the process of mapping was non-repeatable.To make the regionalization technique repeatable,this study aimed to extract and quantify the expert knowledge of regionalization using an automated method.The rough set method was adopted to extract rules of regionalization based on the existing eco-geographical regionalization map of China,as well as its corresponding meteorological and geological datasets.Then,the rules for regionalization were obtained hierarchically for each natural domain,each temperature zone,and each humidity region.Owing to differences in zonal differentiation,the rule extraction sequence for the eastern monsoon zone and Tibetan Alpine zone was temperature zone first followed by humidity region,with the reverse order being applied for the northwest arid/semi-arid zone.Results show that the extracted indicators were similar to those of the existing(expert-produced)regionalization scheme but more comprehensive.The primary indicator for defining temperature zones was the≥10℃ growing season,and the secondary indicators were the January and July mean temperatures.The primary and secondary indicators for identifying humid regions were aridity index and precipitation,respectively.Eco-geographical regions were mapped over China using these rules and the gridded indicators.Both the temperature zones and humidity regions mapped by the rules show≥85%consistency with the existing regionalization,which is higher than values for mapping by the commonly used simplified method that uses the classification of one indicator.This study demonstrates that the proposed rough set method can establish eco-geographical regionalization that is quantitative and repeatable and able to dynamically updated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40875053)
文摘Daily temperature data from 599 stations across China for the years 1961 to 2007 were used to analyze the changes in the natural regional boundaries.The results show that the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ and its duration changed dramatically from the end of 1990s to the early 21st century.The amplitude of natu-ral regional boundaries was greater in the 21st century than it was in the 20th century.In the eastern region of China,the climatic zones were migrating generally northward,with the northern edge of the subtropical zone and the eastern section of the warm temperate zone showing an obvious northward shift of up to 1 3° of lati-tude.The climatic zones moved south in the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau,western Inner Mongolia,and some ar-eas of western Xinjiang,and slightly to the north in other parts of the western region.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40171040 Director Foundation of IGSNRR+1 种基金 CAS No.SJ10G-A00-06
文摘Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China's regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China's regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China's eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper.
基金Under the auspices of Shanghai Foundation Item for Philosophy and Social Sciences (No 2005BCK004)Research Center on Metropolitan Regions of China (No RCMRC 07006)
文摘In metropolitan regions, the change in the strength of "flows" between a core city and surrounding cities re-flects the range of the core city's influence, while the gravity between core city and other cities reflects the strength of potential relation between them. This article firstly attempts to delimit the boundary of metropolitan regions with the two dimensions measure combining "flows" and gravitation. The former is measured through the flow of people be-tween the core city and surrounding cities, and the latter is measured through both population and gross domestic products (GDP) of the core city and surrounding cities. The hierarchy of the cities within a metropolitan region is classified in order to emphasize the roles of the cities belonging to the metropolitan regions, different from the general way through population scale and administrative level, and is typical in China. This paper uses the Shanghai metropolitan region as a research case, determining boundary of this metropolitan region clearly and classifying hierarchy of the cities within the region. The final results are significantly different to previous work, even overthrowing the traditional system of urban hierarchy partly. It is helpful to highlight the function of cities in organizing the regional economy, the level structure of metropolitan regions, and each city's relative importance in a metropolitan region, which can be taken as scientific basis for planning integrated regions or urban systems.
文摘Great earthquakes of Chinese mainland and its vicinity usually cluster in certain regions during certain periods. We call it major regions of great earthquakes, or major regions briefly in this paper.The major regions of different periods can migrate through long distance in space. We have studied mechanism of formation of major regions. It is proposed that the ductile layer of the lithosphere is the place where the major regions form, and deformation of the ductile layer controls the locations and shape of major regions. and the actions of the plate boundaries around the continent are the main driving forces. A two-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model is established to model the deformation field and Stress field of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity The boundary of the model is divided into 12 segments to represent non-uniform of boundary conditions. The stress concentration areas in the continental ductile Iayer are simulated under various compoundings of different boundary scgments. Six models are worked out in which the stress con centration regions are consistent with the realistic major regions. It is proved that stress concentfation regions can be produced in the ductile layer which are roughly in agreement with the realistic major regions under various actions of different boundary segments.
