For the general case of a spatial isoenergetic flow of ideal gas,Helmholtz’s theorems are generalized and the speed with which vortex tubes move is found,keeping the intensity.It is shown that along the streamline wi...For the general case of a spatial isoenergetic flow of ideal gas,Helmholtz’s theorems are generalized and the speed with which vortex tubes move is found,keeping the intensity.It is shown that along the streamline without stagnation point,vorticity either is equal to zero everywhere,or it is non zero at all.The pattern of vortex lines behind the three-dimensional detached bow shock wave is specified.展开更多
Foreshock ultralow frequency (ULF) waves constitute a significant physical phenomenon in the plasma environment of terrestrial planets. The occurrence of these waves, associated with backstreaming particles reflected ...Foreshock ultralow frequency (ULF) waves constitute a significant physical phenomenon in the plasma environment of terrestrial planets. The occurrence of these waves, associated with backstreaming particles reflected and accelerated at the bow shock, implies specific conditions and properties of the shock and its foreshock. Using magnetic field and ion measurements from MAVEN, we report a clear event of ULF waves in the Martian foreshock. The interplanetary magnetic field connected to the Martian bow shock, forming a shock angle of ~51°. Indicating that this was a fast mode wave is the fact that ion density varied in phase with perturbations of the wave field. The peak frequency of the waves was about 0.040 Hz in the spacecraft frame, much lower than the local proton gyrofrequency (~0.088 Hz). The ULF waves had a propagation angle approximately 34° from ambient magnetic field and were accompanied by the whistler mode. The ULF waves displayed left-hand elliptical polarization with respect to the interplanetary magnetic field in the spacecraft frame. All these properties fit very well with foreshock waves excited by interactions between solar wind and backstreaming ions through right-hand beam instability.展开更多
In this experiment, the effects of the combination of jets or rods and a porous cavity on the supersonic flow field are studied by means of visualization of schlieren method and the measurements of wall static pressur...In this experiment, the effects of the combination of jets or rods and a porous cavity on the supersonic flow field are studied by means of visualization of schlieren method and the measurements of wall static pressures and the flow direction in the cavity with the thermal tuft probe. Three cases of jets or rods arrangements are tested in the experiments. As a result, a bow shock wave which is generated by the jets or rods is observed by mean of schlieren method. And it is confirmed that the expansion region appears downstream of the rods but is not in case of the jets pattern. Moreover the pressure ratios of starting shock wave passing through porous cavity for jets pattern differ from that of rods pattern. In the cavity, the flow direction at the measurement position in the cavity is always opposite to the main flow, as long as the starting shock wave is located upstream of the porous cavity for all cases. Difference in the backward flow ratio between the jets and rods patterns is observe after the starting shock wave passes through the porous cavity.展开更多
In this paper, some preliminary calculations and the experiments were performed to figure out the flow field, in which some rods were normally inserted into the main flow surrounded by a porous cavity. As a result, it...In this paper, some preliminary calculations and the experiments were performed to figure out the flow field, in which some rods were normally inserted into the main flow surrounded by a porous cavity. As a result, it is found that the starting shock wave severely interacts with the rods, the bow shock wave, its reflections, and the porous wall, which are numerically well predicted at some conditions. Moreover, inserting the rods makes the pressure on the upper wall in the porous region increase when the main flow in the porous region is completely supersonic. The calculations also suggest that three rods cause the widest suction area.展开更多
文摘For the general case of a spatial isoenergetic flow of ideal gas,Helmholtz’s theorems are generalized and the speed with which vortex tubes move is found,keeping the intensity.It is shown that along the streamline without stagnation point,vorticity either is equal to zero everywhere,or it is non zero at all.The pattern of vortex lines behind the three-dimensional detached bow shock wave is specified.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0501300, 2016YFB0501304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.41774187, 41674168, 41774176)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Grant No.Z191100004319001)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDA14040404)the pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No.D020103 funded by CNSA
文摘Foreshock ultralow frequency (ULF) waves constitute a significant physical phenomenon in the plasma environment of terrestrial planets. The occurrence of these waves, associated with backstreaming particles reflected and accelerated at the bow shock, implies specific conditions and properties of the shock and its foreshock. Using magnetic field and ion measurements from MAVEN, we report a clear event of ULF waves in the Martian foreshock. The interplanetary magnetic field connected to the Martian bow shock, forming a shock angle of ~51°. Indicating that this was a fast mode wave is the fact that ion density varied in phase with perturbations of the wave field. The peak frequency of the waves was about 0.040 Hz in the spacecraft frame, much lower than the local proton gyrofrequency (~0.088 Hz). The ULF waves had a propagation angle approximately 34° from ambient magnetic field and were accompanied by the whistler mode. The ULF waves displayed left-hand elliptical polarization with respect to the interplanetary magnetic field in the spacecraft frame. All these properties fit very well with foreshock waves excited by interactions between solar wind and backstreaming ions through right-hand beam instability.
基金"973"National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB724303)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50476075)Chinese Ministry of Education's Academic Award for Outstanding Doctoral Student~~
文摘In this experiment, the effects of the combination of jets or rods and a porous cavity on the supersonic flow field are studied by means of visualization of schlieren method and the measurements of wall static pressures and the flow direction in the cavity with the thermal tuft probe. Three cases of jets or rods arrangements are tested in the experiments. As a result, a bow shock wave which is generated by the jets or rods is observed by mean of schlieren method. And it is confirmed that the expansion region appears downstream of the rods but is not in case of the jets pattern. Moreover the pressure ratios of starting shock wave passing through porous cavity for jets pattern differ from that of rods pattern. In the cavity, the flow direction at the measurement position in the cavity is always opposite to the main flow, as long as the starting shock wave is located upstream of the porous cavity for all cases. Difference in the backward flow ratio between the jets and rods patterns is observe after the starting shock wave passes through the porous cavity.
文摘In this paper, some preliminary calculations and the experiments were performed to figure out the flow field, in which some rods were normally inserted into the main flow surrounded by a porous cavity. As a result, it is found that the starting shock wave severely interacts with the rods, the bow shock wave, its reflections, and the porous wall, which are numerically well predicted at some conditions. Moreover, inserting the rods makes the pressure on the upper wall in the porous region increase when the main flow in the porous region is completely supersonic. The calculations also suggest that three rods cause the widest suction area.
