Modified Differential Box Counting in Breast Masses for Bioinformatics Applications

Breast cancer is one of the common invasive cancers and stands at second position for death after lung cancer.The present research work is useful in image processing for characterizing shape and gray-scale complexity.The proposed Modified Differential Box Counting(MDBC)extract Fractal features such as Fractal Dimension(FD),Lacunarity,and Succolarity for shape characterization.In traditional DBC method,the unreasonable results obtained when FD is computed for tumour regions with the same roughness of intensity surface but different gray-levels.The problem is overcome by the proposedMDBCmethod that uses box over counting and under counting that covers the whole image with required scale.In MDBC method,the suitable box size selection and Under Counting Shifting rule computation handles over counting problem.An advantage of the model is that the proposed MDBC work with recently developed methods showed that our method outperforms automatic detection and classification.The extracted features are fed to K-Nearest Neighbour(KNN)and Support Vector Machine(SVM)categorizes the mammograms into normal,benign,and malignant.The method is tested on mini MIAS datasets yields good results with improved accuracy of 93%,whereas the existing FD,GLCM,Texture and Shape feature method has 91%accuracy.

DETECTION METHOD OF SPOT WELDING BASED ON MULTI-INFORMATION FUSION AND FRACTAL

A novel detection method of support vector machine （SVM） based on fractal dimension of signals is presented. And models of SVM are made based on nugget size defects of spot welding. Classification using these trained SVM models is done to signals of spot welding. It is shown from effect of different SVM models that these models with different inputs. In detection of defects, these models with inputs including sound signal have a high percentage of accuracy, the detection accuracy of these models with inputs including voltage signal will reduce. So the SVM models based on fractal dimensions of sound are some optimal nondestructive detection ones. At last a comparison between SVM detection model and ANNS detection model is researched which indicates that SVM is a more effective measure than Artificial neural networks in detection of nugget size defects during spot welding.

Identification of acoustic emission signal in aluminum alloys spot welding based on fractal theory

The acoustic emission signal of aluminum alloys spot welding includes the information of forming nugget and is one of the important parameters in the quality control. Due to the nonlinearity of the signals, classic Euclidean geometry can not be applied to depict exactly. The fractal theory is implemented to quantitatively describe the characteristics of the acoustic emission signals. The experiment and calculation results show that the box counting dimension of acoustic emission signal, between 1 and 2, are distinctive from different nugget areas in AC spot welding. It is proved that box counting dimension is an effective characteristic parameter to evaluate spot welding quality. In addition, fractal theory can also be applied in other spot welding parameters, such as voltage, current, electrode force and so on, for the purpose of recognizing the spot welding quality.

Preparation of Nickel Materials with Fractal Structure

A way of manufacturing nickel material with fractal structure has been studied. Some algae with natural fractal structure were used as the basic substrates. The nickel was coated on the substrates by both electroless deposition and electrodeposition. After elimination of the foundational algae by erosion, dissolution etc, the pure nickel materials with fractal structure were obtained. At last, the specific surface area was analyzed by BET analyses and the fractal dimension of the nickel material was calculated by means of box-counting technique. The comparison of fractal dimension between Ni structure and natural algae was also given.

Medical images classification for skin cancer using quantitative image features with optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography(OCT)is employed in the diagnosis of skin cancer.Particularly,quantitative image features extracted from OCT images might be used as indicators to classify the skin tumors.In the present paper,we investigated intensity-based,texture-based and fractalbased features for automatically classifying the melanomas,basal cell carcinomas and pigment nevi.Generalized estimating equations were used to test for differences between the skin tumors.A modified p value of<0.001 was considered statistically significant.Significant increase of mean and median of intensity and significant decrease of mean and median of absolute gradient were observed in basal cell carcinomas and pigment nevi as compared with melanomas.Significant decrease of contrast,entropy and fractal dimension was also observed in basal cell carcinomas and pigment nevi as compared with melanomas.Our results suggest that the selected quantitative image features of OCT images could provide useful information to differentiate basal cell carcinomas and pigment nevi from the melanomas.Further research is warranted to determine how this approach may be used to improve the classification of skin tumors.

Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal by Fractal Theory in Aluminum Alloy Spot Welding

The relation between acoustic emission signal and nugget during aluminum alloy spot welding was investigated in order to evaluate spot welding quality. Due to the nonlinearity of the signals, fractal theory was utilized to quantitatively describe the characteristics of the signals instead of classical Euclidean geometry which cannot describe the acoustic emission signal accurately. Through experiments and computing, the box counting dimension is found distinct from other acoustic emission signals and is a better approach to discriminating weld nugget stages. Results show that fractal dimensions increase from 1.51 to 1.78,and they are related to nugget areas added from non-fusion to over-heated nugget. And the box counting dimension can effectively evaluate the quality of the nugget in the spot welding and can be aoolied with current, displace, and other soot welding parameters.

Joint Rock Coefficient Estimation Based on Hausdorff Dimension

The strength of rock structures strongly depends inter alia on surface irregularities of rock joints. These irregularities are characterized by a coefficient of joint roughness. For its estimation, visual comparison is often used. This is rather a subjective method, therefore, fully computerized image recognition procedures were proposed. However, many of them contain imperfections, some of them even mathematical nonsenses and their application can be very dangerous in technical practice. In this paper, we recommend mathematically correct method of fully automatic estimation of the joint roughness coefficient. This method requires only the Barton profiles as a standard.

Analyzing Rotor Rotating Error by Using Fractal Theory

Based on the judgement of fractional Br ow nian motion, this paper analyzes the radial rotating error of a precision rotor. The results indicate that the rotating error motion of the precision rot or is characterized by basic fractional Brownian motions, i.e. randomicity, non -sequencity, and self-simulation insinuation to some extent. Also, this paper calculates the fractal box counting dimension of radial rotating error and judges that the rotor error motion is of stability, indicating that the motion range of the future track of the axes is relatively stable.