Introduction: The stability of orthodontic brackets throughout orthodontic treatment plays a critical role in the treatment’s effectiveness. The present in vitro study was designed to assess the impact of various die...Introduction: The stability of orthodontic brackets throughout orthodontic treatment plays a critical role in the treatment’s effectiveness. The present in vitro study was designed to assess the impact of various dietary components on the performance of orthodontic brackets. Methods: Metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to 66 extracted anterior teeth divided into groups based on the solution type: Milk, Gatorade, Cold Coffee, and a control group using water. Each group consisted of 20 teeth except for the control group, which included six teeth. The bracketed teeth were submerged in their respective solutions for 15 minutes three times daily at different intervals to mimic an in vivo environment and were stored in artificial saliva at room temperature (23?C). The specimens underwent artificial aging through 10,000 cycles of thermocycling (representing one clinical year) between 5?C and 55?C. Shade measurements were taken using a VITA Easy Shade device, capturing the classic shade and L*, a*, and b* values. Delta E values were calculated immediately post-bonding and after 7 days, 1 month, 1, and 2 clinical years. The shear bond strength of each bracket was measured using an ultra-tester machine. Results: After two clinical years, significant differences in ΔE color values were observed across all groups, with the most substantial change noted in teeth immersed in cold coffee. Brackets submerged in milk demonstrated lower shear bond strength than other solutions, whereas the control group exhibited the highest shear bond strength (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The study indicates that dietary components significantly influence tooth color stability and the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in orthodontic treatment planning.展开更多
The Bracket Set(dougong)is an important aspect of traditional Chinese architecture known for its exquisite structure,complexity,and rich variations.This design element has been used since the Qin and Han Dynasties and...The Bracket Set(dougong)is an important aspect of traditional Chinese architecture known for its exquisite structure,complexity,and rich variations.This design element has been used since the Qin and Han Dynasties and is still prevalent today.It highlights hierarchy and spiritual connotations in the design of a building.This article explores the application of Bracket Set elements in modern architectural design.It analyzes the specific application strategies of this design element,highlighting its value in modern architecture.The goal is to provide modern architectural designers with multiple perspectives and strategies to fully utilize the advantages of Bracket Set elements in architectural design and enhance the artistic value of their work.展开更多
The investment on semi-solid die casting processes of AZ91D magnesium alloy brackets for generators in JH70-type motorbikes is introduced. The processes of low super-heat and cooling slope for the preparation of bille...The investment on semi-solid die casting processes of AZ91D magnesium alloy brackets for generators in JH70-type motorbikes is introduced. The processes of low super-heat and cooling slope for the preparation of billets with non-dendritic microstructure, the remelting of billets for thixoforming and the parameters in the process of semi-sohd thixoforming have been researched. The results show that primary billets with non-dendritical structures can be prepared by forming great amount of nuclei in melt via the process of low super heat. By optimizing the remelting process through adjusting the current of the induced equipment, semi-solid billets with a structure of spherical grains were obtained from the primary billets with non-dendritical structure. The range of 580℃ to 583℃ is the proper remelting temperatures by which the billets have an expected thixotropy and can be transferred to a die-casting machine. The optimized parameters of semi-solid forming in a die-casting machine are as follows: the area of the ingate in the die is 383.5 mm^2, the speed of the pierce of the machine 5 m/s, the shot pressure of the pierce 75 MPa, and the maintenance pressure of the pierce 350 MPa. The castings of brackets for supporting generators in JH70 type motorbikes were formed by adopting the optimized processes and parameters mentioned above.展开更多
For a semi-submersible platform in repair, the eight old main brackets which connect columns with pontoons need to be replaced by new ones. In order to ensure the safety of the cutting operation of the old main bracke...For a semi-submersible platform in repair, the eight old main brackets which connect columns with pontoons need to be replaced by new ones. In order to ensure the safety of the cutting operation of the old main bracket and calculate the initial stress condition of new main bracket, the structural stress monitoring of eight key spots is carried out, and then the calibrated finite element model is established according to the field monitoring results. Before cutting the main bracket and all associated structures, eight rectangular rosettes were installed, and a tailored cutting scheme was proposed to release the initial stress, in which the main bracket and associated column and pontoon plates were partly cut. During the cutting procedure, the strains of the monitoring spots were measured, and then the structural stress of the monitored spots were obtained. The stress variation characteristics at different spots during the initial cutting operation were shown and the initial stress condition of the monitored spots was figured out. The loading and support conditions of the semi-submersible platform were calibrated based on the measured initial stress condition, which made the finite element model more credible. The stress condition with the main bracket and associated structures being entirely cut out is analyzed by the Finite Element Method (FEM), which demonstrates the cutting operation to be safe and feasible. In addition, the calibrated finite element model can be used to calculate the initial stress condition of the new main bracket, which will be very helpful for the long-term stress monitoring on the main bracket.展开更多
Objective: To determine quantitatively the amount of demineralization and the ability of commercially available products and an experimental cream to inhibit or reverse orthodontic related demineralization.Methods: A ...Objective: To determine quantitatively the amount of demineralization and the ability of commercially available products and an experimental cream to inhibit or reverse orthodontic related demineralization.Methods: A total of 20 patients who were 25–35 years old and having orthodontic treatment for 6–8 months were chosen.Caries risk assessments were done for each patient and ones with "moderate risk" were included.Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were divided into 4 groups(5 patients each) including one control and 3 study groups.All patients used same toothpaste 2 times a day during the 3 weeks study period.Additional to the toothpaste first study group used MI Paste Plus(GC, Tokyo, Japan), second study group used Remin Pro(Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) and third group used an experimental remineralizing cream per day for 3 weeks.Maxillary central and lateral incisors of each patient were examined by FluoreCam(Daraza Therametric Technologies, USA) device.The examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks.Results: According to the FluoreCam measurements the control group showed significant amount of demineralization at the end of 3 weeks, moreover the amount of demineralization has gradually increased in time.At the end of the study all 3 study groups showed significant amount of remineralization and the amount of remineralization for all the 3 study groups has gradually increased in time.However the amount of remineralization for 3rd study group was lesser than the 1st and 2nd study groups.The remineralization amounts for the 1st and 2 nd study groups were determined to be identical.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that demineralization is measurable around orthodontic brackets and the demineralization can be completely inhibited and/or reversed by the use of commercially available remineralization products.展开更多
To evaluate the shear bond strength(SBS) and bond failure interface after the debonding of orthodontic brackets with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement(RMGIC) under six bonding conditions, 140 premolar teeth we...To evaluate the shear bond strength(SBS) and bond failure interface after the debonding of orthodontic brackets with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement(RMGIC) under six bonding conditions, 140 premolar teeth were randomly divided into seven groups. The brackets of all groups, except for control group, were bonded using a RMGIC. The teeth were debonded using a universal testing machine. The shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index (ARI) and enamel fracture were examined for each debonding. A significant difference existed in SBS under wet and dry conditions in two groups of Fuji Ortho LC. Different degree of enamel fracture was seen in groups of Fuji Ortho LC(dry/37% phosphoric acid treated) after debonding. Bond failed predominantly at the enamel-adhesive interface, except for phosphoric acid treated groups. The RMGIC achieve a clinically effective adhesion in orthodontics under different bonding conditions.展开更多
Although the shell mould casting process has a wide range of application in many fields,the prediction of casting defects is still a problem.In the present work,a typical leaf spring bracket casting of ZG310-570 was f...Although the shell mould casting process has a wide range of application in many fields,the prediction of casting defects is still a problem.In the present work,a typical leaf spring bracket casting of ZG310-570 was fabricated by shell mold casting.The finite element model and ProCAST software were utilized for simulating the filling and solidification processes of the casting;and the formation mechanism of the gas pore,and shrinkage porosity defects were analyzed.The results indicate that the gas pore and shrinkage porosity defects are formed due to air entrapment,insufficient feeding and non-sequential solidification.Subsequently,through changing the position of risers,adding a connecting channel between the risers,and setting blind risers at the U-shaped brackets,an optimized gating and feeding system was established to improve the quality of the casting.After optimization,the gas pore and shrinkage porosity defects of the leaf spring bracket casting are effectively eliminated.The experiment results with the optimized casting process are in good agreement with the numerical simulation,which verifies the validity of the finite element model in the shell mould casting.展开更多
Helicopter rescue has become an important way of life and property relief in modern society.The structure and parameters of the helicopter hoist bracket influence the convenience,safety and reliability of the rescue o...Helicopter rescue has become an important way of life and property relief in modern society.The structure and parameters of the helicopter hoist bracket influence the convenience,safety and reliability of the rescue operation for the lifeguard and hoistman.Based on fatigue analysis theory and ANSYS workbench software,the fatigue life analysis of the hoist bracket is carried out.First,the structure of the hoist bracket is modeled according to the body standard of the hoistman and lifeguard.Then an approach is presented to obtain the S-N curve of the hoist bracket by modifying the S-N curve of the bracket material based on Goodman curve while considering the influences of the shape,size,surface state,loading conditions and the average stress.Further,based on the ANSYS workbench analysis,the life and safety nephogram of the bracket under the fluctuating cyclic load can be obtained.Finally,the designed bracket is analyzed with the proposed method.The cycles number of the bracket is greater than 107 under the extreme conditions of the pulsating cyclic load,which may be considered as the unlimited life and meets the requirement of the fatigue strength.展开更多
We introduce a simple recursive relation and give an explicit formula of the Kauffman bracket of two-strand braid link . Then, we give general formulas of the bracket of the sequence of links of three-strand braids . ...We introduce a simple recursive relation and give an explicit formula of the Kauffman bracket of two-strand braid link . Then, we give general formulas of the bracket of the sequence of links of three-strand braids . Finally, we give an interesting result that the Kauffman bracket of the three-strand braid link is actually the product of the brackets of the two-strand braid links and . Moreover, a recursive relation for is also given.展开更多
The shape and size optimization of brackets in hull structures was conducted to achieve the simultaneous reduction of mass and high stress,where the parametric finite element model was built based on Patran Command La...The shape and size optimization of brackets in hull structures was conducted to achieve the simultaneous reduction of mass and high stress,where the parametric finite element model was built based on Patran Command Language codes.The optimization procedure was executed on Isight platform,on which the linear dimensionless method was introduced to establish the weighted multi-objective function.The extreme processing method was applied and proved effective to normalize the objectives.The bracket was optimized under the typical single loads and design waves,accompanied by the different proportions of weights in the objective function,in which the safety factor function was further established,including yielding,buckling,and fatigue strength,and the weight minimization and safety maximization of the bracket were obtained.The findings of this study illustrate that the dimensionless objectives share equal contributions to the multi-objective function,which enhances the role of weights in the optimization.展开更多
A foot bracket is a metal panel bracket used to mount and support the footrest in two-wheeler systems.It holds the footrest in place while rigidly supporting it.In working conditions,this element has often been observ...A foot bracket is a metal panel bracket used to mount and support the footrest in two-wheeler systems.It holds the footrest in place while rigidly supporting it.In working conditions,this element has often been observed to fail when specific load-fluctuation conditions are established at its rear end.Appropriate materials therefore need to be identified to overcome such a recurring failure.To address these issues,the present study has been implemented with the specific objective to determine the response of selected Al6061-T6 and Al7075-T6 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites(HMMC).The results,obtained using the ANSYS Software,show that the selected composites can withstand 636,962 N/m^(2)of maximum stress and 8.88×10^(−6)m of minimum displacement.These results are also compared with relevant mathematical models and it is concluded that the identified material combination provides the required improvement of structural stability that can withstand the load fluctuation on the foot bracket.展开更多
Framed links in thickened torus are studied. We define the mod 2 Kauffman bracket skein module of thickened torus and give an expression of a framed link in this module. From this expression we propose a new ambient i...Framed links in thickened torus are studied. We define the mod 2 Kauffman bracket skein module of thickened torus and give an expression of a framed link in this module. From this expression we propose a new ambient isotopic invariant of framed links.展开更多
Aiming at the fracture of the bracket of sanding nozzle of CRH5 EMU bogie, the fatigue strength analysis and modal analysis of the bracket were conducted according to En13749 and BS7608 standards, and the track excita...Aiming at the fracture of the bracket of sanding nozzle of CRH5 EMU bogie, the fatigue strength analysis and modal analysis of the bracket were conducted according to En13749 and BS7608 standards, and the track excitation during the vehicle running was thoroughly analyzed. The cause leading to the fracture of the bracket was found and the bracket was redesigned.展开更多
According to the structural characteristics of the automobile engine bracket, the finite element model of the bracket is established. As the connecting part between the engine and the body, the performance requirement...According to the structural characteristics of the automobile engine bracket, the finite element model of the bracket is established. As the connecting part between the engine and the body, the performance requirements of the automobile engine bracket affect the comfort and the safety of the vehicle directly. Using the RADIOSS solver, the dangerous point of the bracket is analyzed. Under the premise of ensuring its reliability, with the help of OptiStruct software to carry out the topology optimization design, to get the optimal material distribution of the bracket and the final design will meet the performance requirements.展开更多
The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of four different veneering ceramic materials to metal brackets. Additionally, it should be examined whether it is possible to ov...The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of four different veneering ceramic materials to metal brackets. Additionally, it should be examined whether it is possible to overcome the etching method using hydrofluoric acid which is noxious. Instead of this treatment, air particle abrasion with 25 μm aluminium trioxide, silane coupling application and etching with 37.0 per cent orthophosphoric acid as pre-treatment procedures of the veneering ceramics before bonding was investigated. Two surface conditioning methods of four ceramic materials before bonding brackets were examined: in group 1 an air particle abrasion with 25 μm aluminium trioxide (4 seconds at a pressure of 2.5 bars) and subsequently a silane coupling agent (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) was applicated on one side of each ceramic specimen (10 per group). In group 2 one side of each sample (10 per group) was etched with 37.0 per cent orthophosphoric acid for two minutes and was followed by a silane application (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA). After this procedure the self-ligating metal brackets SmartClip (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) brackets were bonded to the ceramic blocks and a thermocycling process started (5°C - 55°C, 6000 cycles). Then, shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were measured. To determine statistical differences Oneway-ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test were performed. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. On the basis of the results of the current study, it could be concluded that sandblasting with 25 μm aluminium trioxide and the use of orthophosphoric acid (37.0 per cent) seem to prepare the surface of the ceramic restoration sufficiently before bracket bonding. The found level of shear bond strength values seem be sufficient for bracket bonding. Hydrofluoric acid seems not to be justifiable anymore for preparing the surface of dental ceramic restorations before bracket bonding.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to tooth enamel with different polymer composites after simulated clinical aging, and analyze the enamel/ bond system fracture int...The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to tooth enamel with different polymer composites after simulated clinical aging, and analyze the enamel/ bond system fracture interface. 80 human premolars, were randomly divided into five groups (n = 16). G1: CO (Concise Ortodontica—3M ESPE), G2: SB (SuperBond—Ortho Source), G3: FMO (Fill Magic Ortodontico—Vigodent), G4: TXT (Transbond XT—3M ESPE) and G5: TP (Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer + Transbond Plus Color Change—3M ESPE). In all groups, the metal orthodontic bracket was bonded to the tooth enamel surface. The specimens were submitted to 3000 thermal cycling baths for 30 s, at temperatures of 5°C, 37°C and 55°C (±1°C). Afterwards they were subjected to shear testing and the results were analyzed by the Student’s-t test (p < 0.05). G1 presented the highest bond strength value, followed by G4 > G5 > G2 > G3. In all groups the majority of the fractures at the interface of the specimens were cohesive, except in G3, which presented the largest number of adhesive fractures. After clinical aging, the chemically activated material (CO) showed higher bond strength than the light activated types (FMO, TXT and TP). The self-etching adhesive system (TP) showed similar bond strength to that of conventional systems (FMO and TXT).展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in shear bond strength between metal and ceramic brackets when exposed to acidic dietary com...<strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in shear bond strength between metal and ceramic brackets when exposed to acidic dietary components (beverages) and to observe the chromogenic potential of each <em>in vitro</em>. <strong>Methods:</strong> Metal and clear orthodontic brackets were placed on extracted maxillary second premolars and exposed to select beverages three times daily for four weeks. Shade was taken using a colorimeter device at seven intervals and the shear bond strength of each bracket was recorded. <strong>Results:</strong> There was a variable change in tooth shade with respect to the various beverages in which they were submerged. Coffee and Dr. Pepper had the most pronounced change, whereas Red Bull and water produced little to none, respectively. Compared to controls, brackets submerged in coffee had the greatest reduction in shear bond strength, followed by Dr. Pepper, then Red Bull. Overall, clear brackets showed higher shear bond strength than metal brackets. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acidic dietary components have a negative effect on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, and more pigmented beverages have a higher chromogenic staining potential.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of self-ligating bracket appliance on the periodontal tissues in patients with chronic periodontitis after orthodontic treatment.Methods:A total of 56 patients with chronic periodontiti...Objective:To explore the effect of self-ligating bracket appliance on the periodontal tissues in patients with chronic periodontitis after orthodontic treatment.Methods:A total of 56 patients with chronic periodontitis who were admitted in our hospital were included in the study and divided into the observation group and the control group according to different treatment protocols. The patients in the observation group were given self-ligating brackets, while the patients in the control group were given traditional brackets. The periodontal tissues and tooth motility (TM) before and after treatment in the two groups were observed and recorded. IL-1βand TNF-α levels in the gingival crervicular fluid (GCF) before and after treatment in the two groups were detected.Results:PD, CAL, SBI, and PLI after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced, while GR was significantly elevated when compared with the control group. PD, CAL, SBI, and PLI after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while GR was significantly higher than that in the control group. TM after treatment in the two groups was significantly improved, among which the number of 0° TM was significantly increased, while the number ofⅠ°-Ⅲ°TM was significantly reduced. IL-1β and TNF-α levels in GCF after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced when compared with before treatment. IL-1β and TNF-α levels in GCF after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusions:The self-ligating brackets can effectively improve the periodontal tissues and TM in patients with chronic periodontitis, and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines in periodontal tissues, with an accurate efficacy.展开更多
文摘Introduction: The stability of orthodontic brackets throughout orthodontic treatment plays a critical role in the treatment’s effectiveness. The present in vitro study was designed to assess the impact of various dietary components on the performance of orthodontic brackets. Methods: Metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to 66 extracted anterior teeth divided into groups based on the solution type: Milk, Gatorade, Cold Coffee, and a control group using water. Each group consisted of 20 teeth except for the control group, which included six teeth. The bracketed teeth were submerged in their respective solutions for 15 minutes three times daily at different intervals to mimic an in vivo environment and were stored in artificial saliva at room temperature (23?C). The specimens underwent artificial aging through 10,000 cycles of thermocycling (representing one clinical year) between 5?C and 55?C. Shade measurements were taken using a VITA Easy Shade device, capturing the classic shade and L*, a*, and b* values. Delta E values were calculated immediately post-bonding and after 7 days, 1 month, 1, and 2 clinical years. The shear bond strength of each bracket was measured using an ultra-tester machine. Results: After two clinical years, significant differences in ΔE color values were observed across all groups, with the most substantial change noted in teeth immersed in cold coffee. Brackets submerged in milk demonstrated lower shear bond strength than other solutions, whereas the control group exhibited the highest shear bond strength (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The study indicates that dietary components significantly influence tooth color stability and the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in orthodontic treatment planning.
文摘The Bracket Set(dougong)is an important aspect of traditional Chinese architecture known for its exquisite structure,complexity,and rich variations.This design element has been used since the Qin and Han Dynasties and is still prevalent today.It highlights hierarchy and spiritual connotations in the design of a building.This article explores the application of Bracket Set elements in modern architectural design.It analyzes the specific application strategies of this design element,highlighting its value in modern architecture.The goal is to provide modern architectural designers with multiple perspectives and strategies to fully utilize the advantages of Bracket Set elements in architectural design and enhance the artistic value of their work.
文摘The investment on semi-solid die casting processes of AZ91D magnesium alloy brackets for generators in JH70-type motorbikes is introduced. The processes of low super-heat and cooling slope for the preparation of billets with non-dendritic microstructure, the remelting of billets for thixoforming and the parameters in the process of semi-sohd thixoforming have been researched. The results show that primary billets with non-dendritical structures can be prepared by forming great amount of nuclei in melt via the process of low super heat. By optimizing the remelting process through adjusting the current of the induced equipment, semi-solid billets with a structure of spherical grains were obtained from the primary billets with non-dendritical structure. The range of 580℃ to 583℃ is the proper remelting temperatures by which the billets have an expected thixotropy and can be transferred to a die-casting machine. The optimized parameters of semi-solid forming in a die-casting machine are as follows: the area of the ingate in the die is 383.5 mm^2, the speed of the pierce of the machine 5 m/s, the shot pressure of the pierce 75 MPa, and the maintenance pressure of the pierce 350 MPa. The castings of brackets for supporting generators in JH70 type motorbikes were formed by adopting the optimized processes and parameters mentioned above.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51709170 and 51979167)the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China(Project No.[2016] 546)+1 种基金the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.17YF1409700)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering(Grant No.1716)
文摘For a semi-submersible platform in repair, the eight old main brackets which connect columns with pontoons need to be replaced by new ones. In order to ensure the safety of the cutting operation of the old main bracket and calculate the initial stress condition of new main bracket, the structural stress monitoring of eight key spots is carried out, and then the calibrated finite element model is established according to the field monitoring results. Before cutting the main bracket and all associated structures, eight rectangular rosettes were installed, and a tailored cutting scheme was proposed to release the initial stress, in which the main bracket and associated column and pontoon plates were partly cut. During the cutting procedure, the strains of the monitoring spots were measured, and then the structural stress of the monitored spots were obtained. The stress variation characteristics at different spots during the initial cutting operation were shown and the initial stress condition of the monitored spots was figured out. The loading and support conditions of the semi-submersible platform were calibrated based on the measured initial stress condition, which made the finite element model more credible. The stress condition with the main bracket and associated structures being entirely cut out is analyzed by the Finite Element Method (FEM), which demonstrates the cutting operation to be safe and feasible. In addition, the calibrated finite element model can be used to calculate the initial stress condition of the new main bracket, which will be very helpful for the long-term stress monitoring on the main bracket.
文摘Objective: To determine quantitatively the amount of demineralization and the ability of commercially available products and an experimental cream to inhibit or reverse orthodontic related demineralization.Methods: A total of 20 patients who were 25–35 years old and having orthodontic treatment for 6–8 months were chosen.Caries risk assessments were done for each patient and ones with "moderate risk" were included.Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were divided into 4 groups(5 patients each) including one control and 3 study groups.All patients used same toothpaste 2 times a day during the 3 weeks study period.Additional to the toothpaste first study group used MI Paste Plus(GC, Tokyo, Japan), second study group used Remin Pro(Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) and third group used an experimental remineralizing cream per day for 3 weeks.Maxillary central and lateral incisors of each patient were examined by FluoreCam(Daraza Therametric Technologies, USA) device.The examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks.Results: According to the FluoreCam measurements the control group showed significant amount of demineralization at the end of 3 weeks, moreover the amount of demineralization has gradually increased in time.At the end of the study all 3 study groups showed significant amount of remineralization and the amount of remineralization for all the 3 study groups has gradually increased in time.However the amount of remineralization for 3rd study group was lesser than the 1st and 2nd study groups.The remineralization amounts for the 1st and 2 nd study groups were determined to be identical.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that demineralization is measurable around orthodontic brackets and the demineralization can be completely inhibited and/or reversed by the use of commercially available remineralization products.
文摘To evaluate the shear bond strength(SBS) and bond failure interface after the debonding of orthodontic brackets with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement(RMGIC) under six bonding conditions, 140 premolar teeth were randomly divided into seven groups. The brackets of all groups, except for control group, were bonded using a RMGIC. The teeth were debonded using a universal testing machine. The shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index (ARI) and enamel fracture were examined for each debonding. A significant difference existed in SBS under wet and dry conditions in two groups of Fuji Ortho LC. Different degree of enamel fracture was seen in groups of Fuji Ortho LC(dry/37% phosphoric acid treated) after debonding. Bond failed predominantly at the enamel-adhesive interface, except for phosphoric acid treated groups. The RMGIC achieve a clinically effective adhesion in orthodontics under different bonding conditions.
基金financially supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province (No. 18030901097)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No.1908085QE197)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JZ2018HGBZ0133, JZ2019HGTA0043)
文摘Although the shell mould casting process has a wide range of application in many fields,the prediction of casting defects is still a problem.In the present work,a typical leaf spring bracket casting of ZG310-570 was fabricated by shell mold casting.The finite element model and ProCAST software were utilized for simulating the filling and solidification processes of the casting;and the formation mechanism of the gas pore,and shrinkage porosity defects were analyzed.The results indicate that the gas pore and shrinkage porosity defects are formed due to air entrapment,insufficient feeding and non-sequential solidification.Subsequently,through changing the position of risers,adding a connecting channel between the risers,and setting blind risers at the U-shaped brackets,an optimized gating and feeding system was established to improve the quality of the casting.After optimization,the gas pore and shrinkage porosity defects of the leaf spring bracket casting are effectively eliminated.The experiment results with the optimized casting process are in good agreement with the numerical simulation,which verifies the validity of the finite element model in the shell mould casting.
基金Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20122125120013)Department of Transportation Technology of Construction Project,China(No.2013328225080)+1 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department,China(No.L2013206)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.3132015087,3132014303)
文摘Helicopter rescue has become an important way of life and property relief in modern society.The structure and parameters of the helicopter hoist bracket influence the convenience,safety and reliability of the rescue operation for the lifeguard and hoistman.Based on fatigue analysis theory and ANSYS workbench software,the fatigue life analysis of the hoist bracket is carried out.First,the structure of the hoist bracket is modeled according to the body standard of the hoistman and lifeguard.Then an approach is presented to obtain the S-N curve of the hoist bracket by modifying the S-N curve of the bracket material based on Goodman curve while considering the influences of the shape,size,surface state,loading conditions and the average stress.Further,based on the ANSYS workbench analysis,the life and safety nephogram of the bracket under the fluctuating cyclic load can be obtained.Finally,the designed bracket is analyzed with the proposed method.The cycles number of the bracket is greater than 107 under the extreme conditions of the pulsating cyclic load,which may be considered as the unlimited life and meets the requirement of the fatigue strength.
文摘We introduce a simple recursive relation and give an explicit formula of the Kauffman bracket of two-strand braid link . Then, we give general formulas of the bracket of the sequence of links of three-strand braids . Finally, we give an interesting result that the Kauffman bracket of the three-strand braid link is actually the product of the brackets of the two-strand braid links and . Moreover, a recursive relation for is also given.
基金This work was financially supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2020CXGC010702).
文摘The shape and size optimization of brackets in hull structures was conducted to achieve the simultaneous reduction of mass and high stress,where the parametric finite element model was built based on Patran Command Language codes.The optimization procedure was executed on Isight platform,on which the linear dimensionless method was introduced to establish the weighted multi-objective function.The extreme processing method was applied and proved effective to normalize the objectives.The bracket was optimized under the typical single loads and design waves,accompanied by the different proportions of weights in the objective function,in which the safety factor function was further established,including yielding,buckling,and fatigue strength,and the weight minimization and safety maximization of the bracket were obtained.The findings of this study illustrate that the dimensionless objectives share equal contributions to the multi-objective function,which enhances the role of weights in the optimization.
文摘A foot bracket is a metal panel bracket used to mount and support the footrest in two-wheeler systems.It holds the footrest in place while rigidly supporting it.In working conditions,this element has often been observed to fail when specific load-fluctuation conditions are established at its rear end.Appropriate materials therefore need to be identified to overcome such a recurring failure.To address these issues,the present study has been implemented with the specific objective to determine the response of selected Al6061-T6 and Al7075-T6 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites(HMMC).The results,obtained using the ANSYS Software,show that the selected composites can withstand 636,962 N/m^(2)of maximum stress and 8.88×10^(−6)m of minimum displacement.These results are also compared with relevant mathematical models and it is concluded that the identified material combination provides the required improvement of structural stability that can withstand the load fluctuation on the foot bracket.
基金Guangdong Province Innovation Talent Project (2015KQNCX107) for YouthsGuangdong University of Education special fund (2016ARF06) for doctoral research
文摘Framed links in thickened torus are studied. We define the mod 2 Kauffman bracket skein module of thickened torus and give an expression of a framed link in this module. From this expression we propose a new ambient isotopic invariant of framed links.
文摘Aiming at the fracture of the bracket of sanding nozzle of CRH5 EMU bogie, the fatigue strength analysis and modal analysis of the bracket were conducted according to En13749 and BS7608 standards, and the track excitation during the vehicle running was thoroughly analyzed. The cause leading to the fracture of the bracket was found and the bracket was redesigned.
文摘According to the structural characteristics of the automobile engine bracket, the finite element model of the bracket is established. As the connecting part between the engine and the body, the performance requirements of the automobile engine bracket affect the comfort and the safety of the vehicle directly. Using the RADIOSS solver, the dangerous point of the bracket is analyzed. Under the premise of ensuring its reliability, with the help of OptiStruct software to carry out the topology optimization design, to get the optimal material distribution of the bracket and the final design will meet the performance requirements.
文摘The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of four different veneering ceramic materials to metal brackets. Additionally, it should be examined whether it is possible to overcome the etching method using hydrofluoric acid which is noxious. Instead of this treatment, air particle abrasion with 25 μm aluminium trioxide, silane coupling application and etching with 37.0 per cent orthophosphoric acid as pre-treatment procedures of the veneering ceramics before bonding was investigated. Two surface conditioning methods of four ceramic materials before bonding brackets were examined: in group 1 an air particle abrasion with 25 μm aluminium trioxide (4 seconds at a pressure of 2.5 bars) and subsequently a silane coupling agent (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) was applicated on one side of each ceramic specimen (10 per group). In group 2 one side of each sample (10 per group) was etched with 37.0 per cent orthophosphoric acid for two minutes and was followed by a silane application (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA). After this procedure the self-ligating metal brackets SmartClip (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) brackets were bonded to the ceramic blocks and a thermocycling process started (5°C - 55°C, 6000 cycles). Then, shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were measured. To determine statistical differences Oneway-ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test were performed. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. On the basis of the results of the current study, it could be concluded that sandblasting with 25 μm aluminium trioxide and the use of orthophosphoric acid (37.0 per cent) seem to prepare the surface of the ceramic restoration sufficiently before bracket bonding. The found level of shear bond strength values seem be sufficient for bracket bonding. Hydrofluoric acid seems not to be justifiable anymore for preparing the surface of dental ceramic restorations before bracket bonding.
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to tooth enamel with different polymer composites after simulated clinical aging, and analyze the enamel/ bond system fracture interface. 80 human premolars, were randomly divided into five groups (n = 16). G1: CO (Concise Ortodontica—3M ESPE), G2: SB (SuperBond—Ortho Source), G3: FMO (Fill Magic Ortodontico—Vigodent), G4: TXT (Transbond XT—3M ESPE) and G5: TP (Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer + Transbond Plus Color Change—3M ESPE). In all groups, the metal orthodontic bracket was bonded to the tooth enamel surface. The specimens were submitted to 3000 thermal cycling baths for 30 s, at temperatures of 5°C, 37°C and 55°C (±1°C). Afterwards they were subjected to shear testing and the results were analyzed by the Student’s-t test (p < 0.05). G1 presented the highest bond strength value, followed by G4 > G5 > G2 > G3. In all groups the majority of the fractures at the interface of the specimens were cohesive, except in G3, which presented the largest number of adhesive fractures. After clinical aging, the chemically activated material (CO) showed higher bond strength than the light activated types (FMO, TXT and TP). The self-etching adhesive system (TP) showed similar bond strength to that of conventional systems (FMO and TXT).
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in shear bond strength between metal and ceramic brackets when exposed to acidic dietary components (beverages) and to observe the chromogenic potential of each <em>in vitro</em>. <strong>Methods:</strong> Metal and clear orthodontic brackets were placed on extracted maxillary second premolars and exposed to select beverages three times daily for four weeks. Shade was taken using a colorimeter device at seven intervals and the shear bond strength of each bracket was recorded. <strong>Results:</strong> There was a variable change in tooth shade with respect to the various beverages in which they were submerged. Coffee and Dr. Pepper had the most pronounced change, whereas Red Bull and water produced little to none, respectively. Compared to controls, brackets submerged in coffee had the greatest reduction in shear bond strength, followed by Dr. Pepper, then Red Bull. Overall, clear brackets showed higher shear bond strength than metal brackets. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acidic dietary components have a negative effect on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, and more pigmented beverages have a higher chromogenic staining potential.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of self-ligating bracket appliance on the periodontal tissues in patients with chronic periodontitis after orthodontic treatment.Methods:A total of 56 patients with chronic periodontitis who were admitted in our hospital were included in the study and divided into the observation group and the control group according to different treatment protocols. The patients in the observation group were given self-ligating brackets, while the patients in the control group were given traditional brackets. The periodontal tissues and tooth motility (TM) before and after treatment in the two groups were observed and recorded. IL-1βand TNF-α levels in the gingival crervicular fluid (GCF) before and after treatment in the two groups were detected.Results:PD, CAL, SBI, and PLI after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced, while GR was significantly elevated when compared with the control group. PD, CAL, SBI, and PLI after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while GR was significantly higher than that in the control group. TM after treatment in the two groups was significantly improved, among which the number of 0° TM was significantly increased, while the number ofⅠ°-Ⅲ°TM was significantly reduced. IL-1β and TNF-α levels in GCF after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced when compared with before treatment. IL-1β and TNF-α levels in GCF after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusions:The self-ligating brackets can effectively improve the periodontal tissues and TM in patients with chronic periodontitis, and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines in periodontal tissues, with an accurate efficacy.