From Brain Science to Artificial Intelligence

Reviewing the history of the development of artificial intelligence(AI)clearly reveals that brain science has resulted in breakthroughs in AI,such as deep learning.At present,although the developmental trend in AI and its applications has surpassed expectations,an insurmountable gap remains between AI and human intelligence.It is urgent to establish a bridge between brain science and AI research,including a link from brain science to AI,and a connection from knowing the brain to simulating the brain.The first steps toward this goal are to explore the secrets of brain science by studying new brain-imaging technology;to establish a dynamic connection diagram of the brain;and to integrate neuroscience experiments with theory,models,and statistics.Based on these steps,a new generation of AI theory and methods can be studied,and a subversive model and working mode from machine perception and learning to machine thinking and decision-making can be established.This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of adapting brain science to AI.

Brain-inspired artificial intelligence research: A review

Artificial intelligence(AI) systems surpass certain human intelligence abilities in a statistical sense as a whole, but are not yet the true realization of these human intelligence abilities and behaviors. There are differences, and even contradictions, between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. With the goal of achieving general AI, this study contains a review of the role of cognitive science in inspiring the development of the three mainstream academic branches of AI based on the three-layer framework proposed by David Marr, and the limitations of the current development of AI are explored and analyzed. The differences and inconsistencies between the cognition mechanisms of the human brain and the computation mechanisms of AI systems are analyzed. They are found to be the cause of the differences and contradictions between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. Additionally, eight important research directions and their scientific issues that need to focus on braininspired AI research are proposed: highly imitated bionic information processing, a large-scale deep learning model that balances structure and function, multi-granularity joint problem solving bidirectionally driven by data and knowledge, AI models that simulate specific brain structures, a collaborative processing mechanism with the physical separation of perceptual processing and interpretive analysis, embodied intelligence that integrates the brain cognitive mechanism and AI computation mechanisms,intelligence simulation from individual intelligence to group intelligence(social intelligence), and AI-assisted brain cognitive intelligence.

How Big Data and High-performance Computing Drive Brain Science

Brain science accelerates the study of intelligence and behavior,contributes fundamental insights into human cognition,and offers prospective treatments for brain disease.Faced with the challenges posed by imaging technologies and deep learning computational models,big data and high-performance computing(HPC)play essential roles in studying brain function,brain diseases,and large-scale brain models or connectomes.We review the driving forces behind big data and HPC methods applied to brain science,including deep learning,powerful data analysis capabilities,and computational performance solutions,each of which can be used to improve diagnostic accuracy and research output.This work reinforces predictions that big data and HPC will continue to improve brain science by making ultrahigh-performance analysis possible,by improving data standardization and sharing,and by providing new neuromorphic insights.

Military Brain Science - How to influence future wars

Military Brain Science is a cutting-edge innovative science that uses potential military application as the guidance. It was preliminarily divided into 9 aspects by authors： understanding the brain, protecting the brain, monitoring the brain, injuring the brain, interfering with the brain, repairing the brain, enhancing the brain, simulating the brain and arming the brain. In this review, we attempt to propose the concept, content and meaning of the Military Brain Science, with the hope to provide some enlightenment and understandin~ of the research area.

Call for Papers Special Issue on"Big Data in Brain Science"

The journal Genomics, Proteomics ＆ Bioinformatics （GPB） is now inviting submissions for a special issue （to be published in the summer of 2018） on the topic of＂Big data in brain science＂.