Based on the Chinese medical canon to excavate the medicine law of yellowish leucorrhea disease

Background:In order to collect and analyze the literature on yellowish leucorrhea disease in Chinese Medical Canon,and to explore its treatment and medication law with data mining.Methods:The Chinese Medical Canon was used as the data retrieval source,and“Huangdai”(yellowish leucorrhea disease)and and other keywords were used as the keywords to do literature search.After excluding“gestational yellowish leucorrhea”,“jaundice and yellowish leucorrhea”and other diseases,the literature retrieval and data sorting and analysis were carried out,and the database was established by using Microsoft Excel 2010.Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the nature,flavour,channel tropism and efficacy of medicine.Combined with the method in“the Research Platform for Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academic Thoughts of Famous Gynecologists of Traditional Chinese Medicine”,the association rules between drugs were analyzed and their rules were excavated.Results:Eighty-seven prescriptions,152 traditional Chinese medicines,20 core drug pairs,39 common drug combinations and 5 core drug groups were collected and included.Conclusion:“Damp-Heat”is the fundamental pathological product of yellowish leucorrhea disease,and the basic treatments are“Releasing Heat”and“Eliminating Dampness”,“Regulating Liver Qi”and“Promoting Blood Circulation”,and“strengthening spleen”and stopping leucorrhea.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of Laws and Regulations

Although traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been a part of the Malaya and the Malaysia people’s method of maintaining health and well-being for many centuries,it was never been enrolled in the public health-care system.However,the rising cost of Western drugs and the increasing number of people frequenting TCM has driven the government to search for cheaper options and to look into its safe practice.In 1992,the government mandated all TCM herbal products to be registered with the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau.All TCM products sold in Malaysia are now Good Manufacturing Practice certified.The government has also established a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division within the Ministry of Health.Between 2008 and 2014,a traditional and complementary medicine unit was set up in major hospitals in all states.TCM is one of the main services offered by the unit.In 2016,the government enacted the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act to regulate the TCM practice.Subsequently,a 10-vear blueprint has been drawn to support the development of all traditional and complementary medicines in Malaysia.This article aims to provide a brief overview on the regulatory development of TCM in Malaysia.

The law of oral traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia based on Chinese medical code

Objective:This study aimed to collect,sort out and excavate the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in Chinese Medical Code,and to explore the law of internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia.Methods:We used"Chinese Medical Code"as the source of data retrieval,"insomnia","not sleepy","no sleeping"and"eye not sleeping"as the key words,and excluded temporary insomnia,physiological insomnia,insomnia caused by other diseases,and excluded other methods such as acupuncture and massage,the medical cases.Prescriptions of insomnia treated with traditional Chinese medicine were screened out.The database was established by using Microsoft excel 2010.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency,menstruation of nature,taste and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.We analyzed the association rules between drugs and mined the rules of prescriptions by the Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 14.1.Results:A total of 147 prescriptions,138 traditional Chinese medicines,20 pairs of core drugs,57 common drug combinations and 3 core pharmaceuticals were included.The basic prescription is:Suan Zao Ren,Bai Zi Ren,Fu Shen,Fu Ling,Yuan Zhi,Dang Gui,Gan Cao(Zhi).Conclusion:In summary,according to the drug analysis above,the main disease of insomnia is in the heart,involving the liver,spleen and kidney.Because it involves different viscera and syndrome,the methods of treatment are also different.However,there is a basic pathogenesis,that’s the loss of mental nourishment.By excavating the law of the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia on the Chinese Medical Code,we expect that it can guide the treatment of insomnia.

A study on the medication law of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in treating breast carbuncle based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary

Objective:Based on the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,the prescription medication rules of oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast carbuncle were explored by using the software of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(V2.5).Methods:To screen and retrieve the prescriptions for treating breast carbuncle in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Dictionary,and data mining was carried out by using association rule algorithm,complex system entropy clustering and so on.Results:A total of 208 prescriptions which met the inclusion criteria were selected,involving 175 traditional Chinese medicines.Among them,23 medicines were found to be more than 21 times in the treatment of breast carbuncle.The nature of the medicine is mainly cold or warm,the flavour of the medicine is mainly bitter or sweet,most of them belong to the spleen,liver,stomach.15 commonly used drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions were obtained.Conclusion:The key pathogenesis of breast carbuncle is liver depression and Qi stagnation,stomach heat blocking collaterals,the treatment is mainly to clear heat and detoxify,regulate Qi to diffuse the knot,which provides reference for the choose of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in treating breast carbuncle.

Subjectivities of the Scientific Endeavor:Noting the Illusion of Objectivity in the History of Science and Medicine

The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical endeavors.As such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said disciplines.Likewise,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these fields.With this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.

Analysis on the Law of Chinese Medicine Use of Ulcerative Colitis and TCM Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment

Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease.The disease is slow and easy to relapse.Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic treatment,which has certain side effects on liver and kidney function.Ulcerative colitis has unique advantages in disease,so by studying a large amount of information,mainly from the law of traditional Chinese medicine use of UC,and a brief summary of the treatment of TCM syndromes,this article provide s ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Literature on the law of Miao medicine in treating liver cancer

目的:通过苗族医学治疗肝癌药物文献整理分析,探讨苗族医学治疗肝癌的用药规律。方法:以《中华本草·苗药卷》为文献来源,拟定检索词对CNKI数据库、万方数据库建库至2018年5月苗族医药治疗肝癌的相关文献进行检索,符合条件的药物对其科属、药性、药味、归经及功效进行统计分析。结果:共纳入苗族医学治疗肝癌药物132味,高频科属为菊科、百合科、蔷薇科,共占22.8%;药性以冷药为主,占75.8%;药味以苦、辣、甜为主,共占75.5%;归经以热经、冷经为主,共占90.5%;功效以治毒药、补体药、通气散血药为主,共占80.4%。结论:苗族医学治疗肝癌谨守两纲理论之冷热辨证,在治毒的基础上合理运用补体药、通气散血药等标本兼顾。

The World’s under Five Population—Do We Really Have Good Data of Its Size in Medicine?

Background: “Forensic auditing” opened a new way to monitor demographic data. Benford’s law explains the frequency distribution in naturally occurring data sets. We applied this law to data of the world’s population under five. This number is extremely important in paediatrics and public health. Methodology: Benford’s law states that the probability of a leading occurring number d (d ∈ {1,···,9}) can be calculated through the following equation: P(d) = log10(d + 1) – log10(d) = log10(1 + 1/d). We compared the observed and expected values. To examine statistical significance, we used the Chi-square test. Results: Chi-square for the population younger than five years is 22.74 for 2010, 22.97 for 2011 and 11.35 for 2012. For all years combined it is 47.6. Because chi-square was higher than the cut-off value, it must lead to the rejection the null hypothesis. In 2014 chi-square is 11.73 for the first digit. Chi-square being lower than the cut off value of the null hypothesis is accepted. The acceptance of the null hypothesis for 2014 means that the numbers follow Benford’s law for 2014. The rejection of the null hypothesis means that the numbers observed in the publication are not following Benford’s law. The explanations can be reached from operational discrepancies to psychological challenges or conscious manipulation in the struggle for international funding. Conclusion: The knowledge of this mathematical relation is not used widely in medicine, despite being a valuable and quick tool to identify datasets needing closer scrutiny.

Analysis of effect of external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine on eczema by data mining

Objective:To determine medication regularity external therapies of Traditional Chinese medicine of eczema by data mining.Methods:Papers were retrieved from databases Pubmed,CNKI,WF,VIP,CBM,Web of Science and Embase.From the establishment of the database to April 2020 were searched.The main points of Medication Regularity were established with Excel 2016 software;the characteristics and laws in external therapies of Traditional Chinese medicine Treatment of eczema were analyzed with the relevance rule and cluster analysis Methods in data mining technology.Results:The property and flavor of the herbs mainly used were cold,bitter,while the channel which are mostly involved included liver meridian,lung meridian and Bladder Meridian,The analysis of association rules showed that kushen and difuzi had the highest correlation.The clustering analysis figured out 7groups of the herbs.Conclusion:The study presents the common pair herbs in the treatment of external therapies of Traditional Chinese medicine of eczema,which provides the approach to syndrome differentiation and medication in clinical treatment of eczema.

Analysis of medication law of treatment of cholelithiasis by internal traditional Chinese medicine based on traditional Chinese medicine inheritance system

Objective:Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System version 2.5 to explore the rule of medication used in internal traditional Chinese medicine for cholelithiasis in the national patent network.Method:Collect the internal administrations of cholelithiasis in the national patent network,and enter them into the Chinese medicine inheritance system version 2.5,adopt frequency analysis,association rules,complex system entropy clustering and other data mining methods to analyze the prescription rule of traditional Chinese medicine cholelithiasis.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,215 prescriptions were selected,involving 398 drugs,30 drugs with a frequency of>20,and 39 commonly used drug pairs.The core drugs are:Jinqiancao(Herba Lysimachiae),Yujin(Radix Curcumae),Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri),Yinchen(Herba Artemisiae Scopariae),Jineijin(Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae),Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae),Baishao(Raidix Paeoniae Alba),Muxiang(Radix Aucklandiae),Zhishi(Fructus Aurantii Immaturus),Yanhusuo(Rhizoma Corydalis),Huzhang(Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati),Haijinsha(Herba Lygodii).And 9 new prescriptions have been got.Conclusion:In the national patent network,the traditional Chinese medicine is used in the treatment of cholelithiasis.The main treatment is clearing heat and dampness,regulating Qi and relieving pain,and promoting gallbladder removing stone,providing reference for clinical treatment of cholelithiasis.

Based on data mining,the drug law of clinical treatment of chronic urticaria

Background:Based on clinical data mining,we introduce the medication rule and clinical application of Professor Wang Lifen in the treatment of chronic urticaria,as the reference of clinical treatment of chronic urticaria.Methods:we collected 110 traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of chronic urticaria,and found out tastes,functions and channel tropism of Chinese medicine.After collecting and sorting,we inputted the data into excel 2010 software and established drug electronic database.We calculated the frequency of tastes,functions and channel tropism using the Spss 20.0 and analyzed the potential relationship between the drugs using Weka 3.8.We used Cytoscape 3.6.1 to draw the related network and combine it into a new prescription.Then the clinical data of prescriptions were statistically analyzed.Results:The statistical analysis showed that the high-frequency drugs for the treatment of the disease were Gancao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma),Huangqin(Radix scutellariae),Desmopeel,Jingjie(Herba schizonepetae),parsnip,etc.,accounting for more than 69.50%of the total frequency.Moreover,the combination and drug pairs with the strongest and most commonly used high-frequency drugs were found.From the point of medicinal properties of these drugs in the treatment of chronic urticaria,the main drugs are cold,followed by warm and smooth,accounting for 70.75%of the total frequency.From the perspective of the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of chronic urticaria,heat-clearing drugs are the main ones,followed by relieving drugs and Tonic drugs,accounting for 68.25%of the total frequency.From the perspective of medicine taste,sweet taste is the most important,followed by bitter and pungent taste,accounting for 68.00%of the total frequency.From the perspective of drugs channel tropism,the meridian of spleen is the most important,followed by the meridian of lung,liver,heart,stomach,etc.,accounting for 71.62%of the total frequency.Conclusion:According to the data mining results,traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic urticaria is mainly based on dispelling wind,clearing heat and removing dampness,cooling blood and detoxifying,supplemented by nourishing blood and nourishing deficiency.This data mining conforms to the law and principle of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic urticaria,which has certain reference and enlightenment significance for clinical treatment of chronic urticaria.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MECHANISM AND PROCESS OF ROCK BREAKAGE WITH THE PLANETARY CUTTER HEAD

Based on the kinematic features of the Planetary Cutter Head (PCH),this paper deals with specificity of rock breakago with PCH, and the basic laws of this process are presented, The study shows that the axial force acting on the drilling face by a single cutter and the uniaxial compressive strength of the drilled rock have the marked influence on the penetrating depth of the cutter ,and the breakage of the drilling face with the PCH has two forms,the cyclical and the noncyclical. The major reason why the PCH has higher drilling efficiency than other cutter heads is that the PCH can make more free faces on the drilling face.

Empirical study on the evidence-based medicine in court of China

Evidence-based medicine(EBM)is recognized as one of the highest-quality scientific approaches in the medical community around the globe.It calls for doctors to use the best available scientific evidence in clinical decision-making.This paper used an empirical study on 44 EBM related judicial cases in China,the result shows the EBM is commonly used as a supplement to the expert opinion in actual judicial review,it is deemed to illuminate the causation in the case fact rather than as the standards of care,which has the similar characteristics as"documentary evidence",and over the years the Chinese judicial practice formed a"three-stage"judicial review rule on EBM:(1)the first stage is whether the evidence itself can meet the standards of EBM;(2)the second stage is when determining the evidence presented by parties is sufficient to meet the legal standards of EBM,and whether it can be applied in a court case would depend upon comprehensive consideration of adaptability and maturity of EBM;(3)the third stage is whether to treat EBM as the only basis in causation analysis.

基于数据挖掘和网络药理学探讨中药治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的用药规律及机制研究

目的:探讨中药干预慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的用药规律,分析常用药对的潜在作用机制。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库中收录的文献(建库至2022年6月30日),利用Excel、SPSS Modeler 18.1和SPSS Statistics 26软件对纳入的中药进行频次统计、关联规则分析和聚类分析,再利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台、GeneCards、STRING和Cytoscape等工具进行蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析,揭示潜在作用机制。结果:共筛选出处方100个,中药187味,药性以温、平、寒为主,药味以苦、甘为主,归经多为脾、胃经。使用频次≥20次的中药21味,白术-白花蛇舌草为支持度最高的药物组合。白术-白花蛇舌草药对治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的核心成分为槲皮素、β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇,核心靶点为肿瘤蛋白p53、蛋白激酶B1和转录因子AP-1等,主要作用通路为肿瘤相关通路、乙型肝炎病毒和晚期糖基化终末产物(AGE)-AGE受体信号通路等。分子对接结果显示,3个关键成分与3个核心靶点具有较好的结合活性。结论:中药治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生以健脾理气、清热活血为主,白术-白花蛇舌草从多成分、多靶点、多通路对慢性萎缩性胃炎合并肠上皮化生发挥治疗作用,为进一步进行机制研究奠定了理论基础。

专利中药处方治疗放射性肺损伤的用药规律及作用机制研究

目的:搜集国家专利中治疗放射性肺损伤的中药处方,探索其用药规律及作用机制。方法:检索国家知识产权局中国专利公布网站中治疗放射性肺损伤的中药处方,利用古今医案云平台进行统计分析、关联分析、聚类分析及网络构建分析等;通过网络药理学方法探讨治疗放射性肺损伤核心处方的作用靶点及相关通路。结果:纳入从专利数据库建立至2022年8月治疗放射性肺损伤的中药处方专利17项,共包含153味中药,药物出现频次较高的有甘草、生地黄;常用的药对为玄参-生地黄、苦杏仁-甘草、鱼腥草-甘草、生地黄-玄参;核心处方组成包括甘草、生地黄、苦杏仁、玄参和鱼腥草;核心处方治疗放射性肺损伤的主要靶点可能为JUN、IL-6、PTGS2、FOS、IL-8、IL-10等,相关的作用通路有脂质与动脉粥样硬化、化学致癌-受体激活、化学致癌-活性氧物种、PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路等。结论:专利中药处方主要可能通过抑制炎症反应从而发挥减轻放射性引起的肺损伤作用。

城市群网络联系的幂律分布规律与层级结构特征

城市群的网络联系存在幂率分布规律,在这一规律的影响下,城市网络是“有等级倾向的网络”,其网络结构必然表现为明显的层级特征。首先,基于城市引力模型测度城市之间的相互联系,实证检验城市群城市间联系强度的概率分布规律,证明城市网络联系符合幂律分布的特征,且具有标度不变性。城市群的联系网络为服从幂率分布的无标度网络。然后,基于头尾断裂法对城市群城市网络的层级结构进行了划分和比较分析。尽管不同城市群城市网络的规模、强度和发育程度存在较大差异,强关联关系的空间形态也有明显的方向性不同,但其网络结构都具有明显的“核心—边缘”层级特征。

良法善规和美德合力护卫医学初心

救死扶伤、防病治病、护卫民众的生命和健康、坚持医学人道主义是医学的初心,但当今社会,资本、技术、权力在特定条件下正在一步一步地扭曲医学的初心,资本在医学中逐步主体化,这正是医学初心面临挑战的根本所在,守卫医学初心必须从良法善规着手,从制度上保障医学初心,同时,良法善规必须以美德为辅佐,美德是良法善规的基础,也是良法善规的核心,正确使用权力是护卫医学初心的重要条件,美德伦理与规范伦理必须相互结合,相互补充,才能确保医学初心的落实。

人工智能时代中医药发展面临的法律与伦理问题研究

人工智能技术赋能下,中医药创新发展的同时也将引发一系列的法律和伦理问题。为遵循“科技创新伦理先行”的理念,对中医药领域相关政策、法律法规及其现状的研究和中医药伦理主体内涵及其现状的研究进行分析,探讨了人工智能时代中医药领域可能出现和亟需解决的法律和伦理问题。强调在法律方面应对医患关系、责任主体等根本性问题进行立法,在伦理方面应完善具有中医特色的审查制度并高度重视研究人员在伦理方面的欠缺。

宋代民众的诉讼与官府的审理——读《名公书判清明集》的几点认识

“好讼”是宋代比较普遍的民情,这一现象在《名公书判清明集》中有具体印证。凭借大量的案例,再联系历史实情,可知“好讼”源于官吏贪腐、豪强奸恶,也是民众学法懂法、有文明维权意识的表现。江西农耕经济旺盛,耕地紧俏,因而争夺田产所有权的讼案很多。审理纠纷时因官员品德才干差异,有的贪财,甚至“自紊其法”,遂判决不公正。诸多关于教化与刑罚并举的判词,启发我们加深对《白鹿洞书院揭示》的理解,朱熹强调圣贤教人之道,也告诫生徒若不听教育,必将实施“学规”,予以惩罚。《名公书判清明集》是研究断代史、社会史、法制史等的珍贵资料,至今不失其借鉴警示意义。

论比例原则在医药假冒专利中的适用——以《专利法》六十八条为对象的考察

【目的】论证比例原则的适用既有利于实现医药假冒专利者承担合理的民事责任,又有利于医药假冒专利行政责任的合理适用,同时有利于两者的有效衔接。【方法】运用典型案例分析的方法,阐述发明专利、实用新型专利与外观设计专利的医药假冒专利类型,为比例原则在医药假冒专利适用中提供样本。【结果】有限度地适用比例原则对于医药假冒专利的侵权构成与责任承担具有一定的适用性。【结论】2020年《专利法》第六十八条的修订,加大了行政处罚的力度,并扩充了行政处罚的情形,有利于打击医药假冒专利人。