This paper deals withthe automatic connection of contourlines extracted from a scanned browngeographical map. For the variety oftopographical elements contained on amap, the factors causing the interrup-tion of contou...This paper deals withthe automatic connection of contourlines extracted from a scanned browngeographical map. For the variety oftopographical elements contained on amap, the factors causing the interrup-tion of contour line are also multiform,which make the connection task verydifficult. On the basis of separatingthose elements always making the con-tours break and regarding them as ref-erent layers, a layering-based methodis presented. The purpose is to takeinto account property information (likeinclination and configuration) of con-tour lines when they come across otherdifferent symbols, such as gully, cliff,dry land and elevation annotation etc.In this paper, the authors propose thatit should be far more effective and di-rect to adopt different algorithmic op-erators to different factors than usingsingle one operator to all.展开更多
Understanding local susceptibility patterns is important when selecting antimicrobials for initial empirical antibiotic-therapy of bloodstream infections. Because the determination of susceptibility is dependent on th...Understanding local susceptibility patterns is important when selecting antimicrobials for initial empirical antibiotic-therapy of bloodstream infections. Because the determination of susceptibility is dependent on the breakpoints used, the aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility results to different classes of antibiotics of 512 strains of Enterobacteriaceae (200 ESβL positive) isolated from bloodstream using CLSI 2013 and current EUCAST 2013 guidelines to evaluate the impact of break-point discrepancies. The results of the study showed that statistically significant discrepancies (p ≤ 0.001) were found for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin alone or with tazobac-tam, imipenem, meropenem, cefepime (only ESβL negative isolates), amikacin and gentamicin using current CLSI or EUCAST interpretive criteria. Further harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints is warranted. This study could give useful information to physicians for managing bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae.展开更多
Objective To investigate the frequency of t(14; 18) in different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas and the ability or the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect this rearrangement in frozen samples. Methods 1o7 cases of ...Objective To investigate the frequency of t(14; 18) in different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas and the ability or the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect this rearrangement in frozen samples. Methods 1o7 cases of B-cell lymphomas were studied uslng DNA extracted from rresh-frozen tissues. The DNA samples were amplified by PCR for bcl-2 MBR/JH. The products of bcl-2/JH rearrangement were hybridized with an internal olignucleotide probe or bcl-2 MBR. Results The rearranged bcl-2MBR/JH gene was detected in 13 of the 25(52. o% ) follicular center lymphomas, according to REAL classification: 8 of 11 (72. 7%) grade 1, 2 of 5(40. 0%) grade I, and 3 of 90 (33. 3%) grade, 17 of 82(2o. 8%) cases or difruse large B-cell lymphomas were found to have detectable bel-2 MBR/J. rearrangement- Conclusion The rrequency or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangement in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas is significantly lower than those in follicular center lympkomas(X2= 9. 28, P <o. oo5), suggesting that bcl2/JH rearrangements occur mainly in follicular center lymphomas. in addition, the result of reconstruction experiments suggest that amplification or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangements by PCR is both sensitive and specific for detection of t (14; 18 ) translocation.展开更多
Currently, 15% of the total Hungarian population is affected by either the elevated arsenic or ammonium concentration of drinking water, and 8% is affected by both compounds. The break-point chlorination is a well-kno...Currently, 15% of the total Hungarian population is affected by either the elevated arsenic or ammonium concentration of drinking water, and 8% is affected by both compounds. The break-point chlorination is a well-known method for ammonium removal, however, during the ammonium-removal process carcinogenic and mutagenic by-products （e.g., THM （trihalogenmethane） and AOX （absorbable organically bound halogens）） may be formed. In order to remove these harmful organic by-products, activated carbon adsorption has to be applied in the technology. The break-point chlorine dose is capable of oxidizing the As3＋ to As5＋. The oxidized form of arsenic can be easily converted to solid phase by adding coagulant （Fe（Ⅲ） or AI（Ⅲ） salt） to the water, and the formed iron/aluminium flocs can be removed by simple rapid sand filtration. Laboratory experiments were performed with raw water from two Hungarian settlements, where the water originated from a deep confined aquifer. In the studied settlements, six wells were in operation, and the supplied drinking water contained ammonium above the maximum allowable concentration, and the arsenic content was around the 10 μg/L standard value. It was found that higher chlorine dose （- 10 Cl2：NH4-N） was needed to achieve the breakpoint than the theoretical value （7.6）. The amount of by-products was also measured during the experiments. The AOX concentrations were significantly higher （21.6 μg/L to 143μg/L） in all cases than the THM concentrations （9-18 μg/L）. The needed coagulant doses were also studied in order to achieve the required arsenic concentrations. Fe（Ⅲ） coagulant was applied in all cases, and it was found that 1-1.5 mg/L Fe（Ⅲ） dose was sufficient to achieve 2-5 μg/L arsenic concentration in the treated water. Based on the results, it can be stated that the breakpoint chlorination combined with Fe（Ⅲ） coagulation is a potential technology to achieve the required ammonium and arsenic concentration at the studied settlements. However, activated carbon has to be installed in order to remove the harmful AOX compounds.展开更多
基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Wuhan University (No. 40071071).
文摘This paper deals withthe automatic connection of contourlines extracted from a scanned browngeographical map. For the variety oftopographical elements contained on amap, the factors causing the interrup-tion of contour line are also multiform,which make the connection task verydifficult. On the basis of separatingthose elements always making the con-tours break and regarding them as ref-erent layers, a layering-based methodis presented. The purpose is to takeinto account property information (likeinclination and configuration) of con-tour lines when they come across otherdifferent symbols, such as gully, cliff,dry land and elevation annotation etc.In this paper, the authors propose thatit should be far more effective and di-rect to adopt different algorithmic op-erators to different factors than usingsingle one operator to all.
文摘Understanding local susceptibility patterns is important when selecting antimicrobials for initial empirical antibiotic-therapy of bloodstream infections. Because the determination of susceptibility is dependent on the breakpoints used, the aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility results to different classes of antibiotics of 512 strains of Enterobacteriaceae (200 ESβL positive) isolated from bloodstream using CLSI 2013 and current EUCAST 2013 guidelines to evaluate the impact of break-point discrepancies. The results of the study showed that statistically significant discrepancies (p ≤ 0.001) were found for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin alone or with tazobac-tam, imipenem, meropenem, cefepime (only ESβL negative isolates), amikacin and gentamicin using current CLSI or EUCAST interpretive criteria. Further harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints is warranted. This study could give useful information to physicians for managing bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae.
文摘Objective To investigate the frequency of t(14; 18) in different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas and the ability or the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect this rearrangement in frozen samples. Methods 1o7 cases of B-cell lymphomas were studied uslng DNA extracted from rresh-frozen tissues. The DNA samples were amplified by PCR for bcl-2 MBR/JH. The products of bcl-2/JH rearrangement were hybridized with an internal olignucleotide probe or bcl-2 MBR. Results The rearranged bcl-2MBR/JH gene was detected in 13 of the 25(52. o% ) follicular center lymphomas, according to REAL classification: 8 of 11 (72. 7%) grade 1, 2 of 5(40. 0%) grade I, and 3 of 90 (33. 3%) grade, 17 of 82(2o. 8%) cases or difruse large B-cell lymphomas were found to have detectable bel-2 MBR/J. rearrangement- Conclusion The rrequency or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangement in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas is significantly lower than those in follicular center lympkomas(X2= 9. 28, P <o. oo5), suggesting that bcl2/JH rearrangements occur mainly in follicular center lymphomas. in addition, the result of reconstruction experiments suggest that amplification or bcl-2 MBR/JH rearrangements by PCR is both sensitive and specific for detection of t (14; 18 ) translocation.
文摘Currently, 15% of the total Hungarian population is affected by either the elevated arsenic or ammonium concentration of drinking water, and 8% is affected by both compounds. The break-point chlorination is a well-known method for ammonium removal, however, during the ammonium-removal process carcinogenic and mutagenic by-products （e.g., THM （trihalogenmethane） and AOX （absorbable organically bound halogens）） may be formed. In order to remove these harmful organic by-products, activated carbon adsorption has to be applied in the technology. The break-point chlorine dose is capable of oxidizing the As3＋ to As5＋. The oxidized form of arsenic can be easily converted to solid phase by adding coagulant （Fe（Ⅲ） or AI（Ⅲ） salt） to the water, and the formed iron/aluminium flocs can be removed by simple rapid sand filtration. Laboratory experiments were performed with raw water from two Hungarian settlements, where the water originated from a deep confined aquifer. In the studied settlements, six wells were in operation, and the supplied drinking water contained ammonium above the maximum allowable concentration, and the arsenic content was around the 10 μg/L standard value. It was found that higher chlorine dose （- 10 Cl2：NH4-N） was needed to achieve the breakpoint than the theoretical value （7.6）. The amount of by-products was also measured during the experiments. The AOX concentrations were significantly higher （21.6 μg/L to 143μg/L） in all cases than the THM concentrations （9-18 μg/L）. The needed coagulant doses were also studied in order to achieve the required arsenic concentrations. Fe（Ⅲ） coagulant was applied in all cases, and it was found that 1-1.5 mg/L Fe（Ⅲ） dose was sufficient to achieve 2-5 μg/L arsenic concentration in the treated water. Based on the results, it can be stated that the breakpoint chlorination combined with Fe（Ⅲ） coagulation is a potential technology to achieve the required ammonium and arsenic concentration at the studied settlements. However, activated carbon has to be installed in order to remove the harmful AOX compounds.
