Expression of Presenilin-2 and Glutathione S Transferase π and Their Clinical Significance in Breast Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma

To investigate the expressions of presenilin-2 (PS2) and glutathione Stransferase π (GSTπ) and their roles in prognosis and therapy of breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma. Methods: The paraffin-embedded specimens of 210 patients with breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma were examined by using LSAB immunohistochemistry for the expression of PS2 and GSTπ.Results: The expression rate of PS2 and GSTπ was 49.5% (104/210) and 48.1% (101/210) respectively.The 5-year and 10-year postoperative survival rates in 4 groups, from high to low, were group 1 (PS2positive expression/GSTπ negative expression), group 2 (PS2 positive expression/GSTπ positiveexpression), group 3 (PS2 negative expression/GSTπ negative expression) and group 4 (PS2 negativeexpression/GSTπ positive expression) in turn. Conclusion: The prognosis of the group 1 was thebest, followed by the group 2, group 3 and group 4 in turn. These results suggested that thereasonable use of endocrinotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma is necessary.

Histological Grading in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast

Objective: To study the significance of histological grading as a prognostic factor in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Methods: According to the Van Nuy’s classification, 32 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast were divided into three groups. Results: Low grade (well differentiated, low grade DCIS) 12 patients (37.5%); Intermediate grade, 9 patients (28.1%); High grade (poorly differentiated DCIS) 11 patients (34.4%). Among the high grade DCIS, the histologic subtypes were comedo (9 patients), micropapillary (1 patient) and solid (1 patient). The positive expression of c-erbB-2, p53 and MIB-1 in high grade DCIS was higher than that in intermediate and low grade DCIS. The difference between high grade and low grade DCIS was significant (p<0.05). The expression of ER in high grade DCIS was lower than that in intermediate and low grade DCIS. Conclusions: Histological grading of breast ductal carcinoma in situ may be a good prognostic factor.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast

Objective： To detect the expression of VEGF and MVD count in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast to clarify the association of VEGF expression and MVD count with the clinicopathologic features. Methods： The expressions of VEGF, ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and MVD count in 88 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were examined by immunohistochemistry staining （SP-method）. Results： Sixty-two out of the eighty-eight specimens of breast carcinoma （70.45%） showed positive expression of VEGF. The positive rate of VEGF in cases with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in stage IIb-Ⅲ was higher than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱa （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in C-erbB-2 positive group was higher than that in C-erbB-2 negative group （P〈0.05）. Higher expression of VEGF was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.05）. Also, significant higher MVD count was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.01）. The MVD count increased significantly with the increase of the expression of VEGF （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The result of this study suggested that in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, angiogenesis and metastasis were mediated mainly by VEGF. The expression of VEGF and MVD might be reference predictors for the biological behavior of breast carcinoma. The antiangiogenic therapy which used VEGF as a target would become a new method to treat patients who were C-erbB-2 positive in the future.

Ultrasonographic features of breast ductalcarcinoma in situ

Objective The aims of this study were to analyze ultrasound features of breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) and to evaluate the value of ultrasonography(US) in early diagnosis of DCIS.Methods From July 2013 to March 2015,180 patients with histologically proven DCIS were evaluated.US features recorded included the size,shape,margins,internal echogenicity,microcalcifications,posterior echogenicity,and blood supply.The data were analyzed and compared with mammographic and histologic findings.Results Among 180 cases of DCIS,168 patients had positive findings on US;the lesions were divided into 3 categories:(1) hypoechoic lesions with or without microcalcifications(n=94);(2) hypoechoic dilated ducts with or without microcalcifications(n=59);(3) microcalcifications alone without any other findings(n=15).Of the 180 lesions,microcalcifications were demonstrated by mammography in 128(71%);among these 128 lesions,90 were identified with microcalcifications on US.Only 80 cases(44%) manifested as masses or asymmetric densities on mammography.The diagnostic accuracy of US and mammography was 67%(120/180) and 69%(124/180),respectively,which can be improved to 80%(144/180) if US is combined with mammography.Conclusion US can be used as an important tool in diagnosis of DCIS.The combination of US and mammography can improve the diagnostic accuracy of breast DCIS.

Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance:A case report

BACKGROUND Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS)is rare and easily misdiagnosed.Most patients are first diagnosed with MGUS.We report a rare case of MGUS secondary to infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma.We also review the literature to analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman underwent modified radical mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast and was then treated with radiation and chemotherapy.A decreased platelet count was found on routine blood examination,and MGUS was subsequently diagnosed.This is the first report of the occurrence of MGUS after breast cancer surgery.CONCLUSION Vigilance is required to distinguish this rare comorbidity from breast plasmacytoma.

Tumor characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ of breast visualized on [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography: Results from a retrospective study

AIM To clarify clinicopathological features of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) visualized on [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomography/computed tomography(FDG-PET/CT).METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed 52 consecutive tumors in 50 patients with pathologically proven pure DCIS who underwent [F-18] FDG-PET/CT before surgery. [F-18] FDG-PET/CT was performed after biopsy in all patients. The mean interval from biopsy to [F-18] FDGPET/CT was 29.2 d. [F-18] FDG uptake by visual analysis and maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) was compared with clinicopathological characteristics.RESULTS[F-18] FDG uptake was visualized in 28 lesions(53.8%) and the mean and standard deviation of SUVmax was 1.63 and 0.90. On univariate analysis, visual analysis and the SUVmax were associated with symptomatic presentation(P = 0.012 and 0.002, respectively), palpability(P = 0.030 and 0.024, respectively), use of core-needle biopsy(CNB)(P = 0.023 and 0.012, respectively), ultrasound-guided biopsy(P = 0.040 and 0.006, respectively), enhancing lesion ≥ 20 mm on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(P = 0.001 and 0.010, respectively), tumor size ≥ 20 mm on histopathology(P = 0.002 and 0.008, respectively). However, [F-18] FDG uptake parameters were not significantly associated with age, presence of calcification on mammography, mass formation on MRI, presence of comedo necrosis, hormone status(estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2), and nuclear grade. The factors significantly associated with visual analysis and SUVmax were symptomatic presentation(P = 0.019 and 0.001, respectively), use of CNB(P = 0.001 and 0.031, respectively), and enhancing lesion ≥ 20 mm on MRI(P = 0.001 and 0.049, respectively) on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Although DCIS of breast is generally non-avid tumor, symptomatic and large tumors(≥ 20 mm) tend to be visualized on [F-18] FDG-PET/CT.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in clinically detected ductal carcinoma in situ

AIM:To study the indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) in clinically-detected ductal carcinoma in situ(CD-DCIS).METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with an initial diagnosis of pure DCIS by an image-guided core needle biopsy(CNB) between June 2006 and June 2012 was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital.The accuracy of performing SLNB in CD-DCIS,the rate of sentinel and non-sentinel nodal metastasis,and the histologic underestimation rate of invasive cancer at initial diagnosis were analyzed.The inclusion criteria were a preoperative diagnosis of pure DCIS with no evidence of invasion.We excluded any patient with evidence of microinvasion or invasion.There were two cases of mammographically detected DCIS and 18 cases of CDDCIS.All our patients were diagnosed by an imageguided CNB except two patients who were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration(FNA).All patients underwent breast surgery,SLNB,and axillary lymph node dissection(ALND) if the SLN was positive.RESULTS:Twenty patients with an initial diagnosis of pure DCIS underwent SLNB,2 of whom had an ALND.The mean age of the patients was 49.7 years(range,35-70).Twelve patients(60%) were premenopausal and 8(40%) were postmenopausal.CNB was the diagnostic procedure for 18 patients,and 2 who were diagnosed by FNA were excluded from the calculation of the underestimation rate.Two out of 20 had a positive SLNB and underwent an ALND and neither had additional non sentinel lymph node metastasis.Both the sentinel visualization rate and the intraoperative sentinel identification rate were 100%.The false negative rate was 0%.Only 2 patients had a positive SLNB(10%) and neither had additional metastasis following an ALND.After definitive surgery,3 patients were upstaged to invasive ductal carcinoma(3/18 = 16.6%) and 3 other patients were upstaged to DCIS with microinvasion(3/18 = 16.6%).Therefore the histologic underestimation rate of invasive disease was 33%.CONCLUSION:SLNB in CD-DCIS is technically feasible and highly accurate.We recommend limiting SLNB to patients undergoing a mastectomy.

Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i>

Introduction: Breast ductal carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) can be defined as a malignant epithelial proliferation with growth limited by the basal membrane of the ductal epithelium, with no evidence of stromal invasion. There has been a trend of trying to subcategorize DCIS based on cell proliferation assays (Ki67) and the expression of hormone receptors and the human epidermal growth receptor (HER-2) as detected by immunohistochemistry, similar to invasive breast carcinomas (IBC). The aims were to evaluate the expression of breast cancer marker proteins in DCIS by immunohistochemistry to better categorize it. Methods: 46 biopsies from women with DCIS and IBC Luminal A-like were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining of proteins already known to be biomarkers in IBC. For controls, normal breast tissue from mammoplasty (n = 3) was used. Results: Our results showed an increase of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression relative to that in normal tissue samples (p < 0.0001). No differences in steroid hormone expression patterns were seen between DCIS and IBC tumors (p = 0.3145;p = 0.7341, respectively). The proliferation levels of the DCIS and IBC samples were similar as evaluated by the Ki67 labeling index. Only 12.90% of samples showed amplification of HER-2. Conclusion: The biology of DCIS is not well understood given the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease, which makes it important to better sub-categorize this tumor, especially considering the possibility of identifying DCIS cases with the potential for recurrence and evolution into IBC.

磁共振弛豫时间定量成像预测乳腺浸润性导管癌分子亚型的价值

目的探讨磁共振弛豫时间定量成像对乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)分子亚型的预测价值。方法对79例IDC患者行MRI常规扫描及弛豫时间定量成像,根据病灶免疫组化结果分为不同的免疫组化指标组、分子亚型组,比较各组病灶MRI征象、T_(1)值、T_(2)值差异,并采用受检者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价单独使用T_(1)、T_(2)值及二者联用对IDC分子亚型的鉴别诊断价值。结果79例患者共82个病灶中,Luminal A型16个(19.51%)、Luminal B1型11个(13.41%)、Luminal B2型27个(32.93%)、酪氨酸激酶受体-2过度表达型(Erb-B2过表达型)14个(17.07%)、三阴型(TNBC)14个(17.07%)。各分子亚型患者年龄、病灶分布、最大径、形态、边缘、强化表现差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组化指标中仅Ki-67阳性组T_(1)值高于阴性组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,Ki-67阳性病灶T_(1)值临界值为2145 ms,约登指数为0.368,敏感度为53.47%,特异度为83.33%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.640(95%CI:0.527~0.744)。Luminal A、Luminal B1、Luminal B2、Erb-B2过表达型、TNBC分子亚型间T_(1)、T_(2)值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而Luminal型病灶T_(1)、T_(2)值均低于TNBC型(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,联合T_(1)、T_(2)值鉴别Luminal型/TNBC型的效能优于单独使用T_(1)、T_(2)值。结论T_(1)mapping可作为预测IDC肿瘤Ki-67高低表达程度的方法之一,联合使用T_(1)、T_(2)值可提高预测Luminal型/TNBC型的效能。

The Impact of Ethnicity on the Incidence, Tumor Characteristics and Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ—An 11-Year Clinical Experience at a High Volume Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Screening mammography has led to a marked increase in detection of in situ breast tumors in the United States. The University of Southern California/Van Nuys Prognostic Index (USC/VNPI) predicts the recurrence rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS);however variations in tumor characteristics, USC/VNPI scores, receptor and human epithelial growth factor receptor (HER)-2/neu status across different ethnicities/races have not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the racial trends in incidence, patient demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment variations for patients with DCIS at a high volume teaching hospital. Methods: 395 women underwent surgical intervention for DCIS between 2000 and 2011. Their race/ethnicity was divided into five mutually exclusive categories and demographic and clinicopathological data was collected. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate variations in patient and tumor factors with respect to age, size and surgical management among different ethnicities and races. Results: 82.1% of Caucasian women underwent simple mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) while lumpectomy with SLNB was highest in Hispanics (40%, p = 0.005). Overall, there was no significant difference in the incidence of receptor or HER-2/neu positivity, multicentricity, necrosis or grade of DCIS in the various racial groups, but there was a significant racial difference in the USC/VNPI scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: On a community level, screening detected DCIS accounted for the vast majority of DCIS diagnosed, which reflected national trends. Although no racial variation in DCIS with respect to patient or tumor characteristics was observed, a racial difference in USC/VNPI score was identified among the Hispanic population. Additional studies are required to validate the significance of these findings.

HRD1、P53、HER2水平与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的关系

目的研究HRD1、P53,HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的关系。方法选取确诊并实施相关治疗的82例乳腺癌患者为此次试验的对象,收集全部患者的癌旁组织以及癌组织石蜡切片,应用免疫组织化学EliVi-sion两步法比较癌旁组织以及癌组织中HRD1、P53、HER2水平,分析HRD1、P53、HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的相关性。结果癌组织中HRD1(χ^(2)=5.502,P=0.019)、P53(χ^(2)=6.552,P=0.011)、HER2(χ^(2)=5.512,P=0.023)的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织;脉管侵犯有无、不同肿瘤直径、TNM不同分期以及淋巴结是否发生转移患者的P53、HRD1、HER2表达水平存在差异(P<0.05);相关性分析发现,患者的肿瘤直径、脉管侵犯、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移情况与患者的HRD1、P53、HER2水平呈正相关。结论HRD1、P53、HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征呈现显著的相关性,可作为日后治疗的重要靶点。

乳腺导管原位癌、导管原位癌伴微浸润及浸润性导管癌的分子分型差异性

目的:研究乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)、导管原位癌伴微浸润(DCIS-MI)及浸润性导管癌(IDC)不同临床病理特征及分子分型间的差异。方法:回顾性分析本院2015年01月至2022年06月经病理确诊的乳腺癌患者。分析其临床病理资料,包括患者的年龄、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)、肿瘤细胞增殖活性标记物(Ki-67)、分子分型。采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法比较三组患者临床病理表现的差异性。结果:本研究共计选取患者1167例,其中DCIS组为180例(15.42%),DCIS-MI组为67例(5.74%),IDC组为920例(78.83%)。DCIS、DCIS-MI及IDC患者在ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67中阳性分布及分子分型均有显著差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),DCIS-MI患者多以HER-2过表达型为主,ER、PR状态多呈阴性,HER-2多呈阳性,高核分级。DCIS患者多以Luminal A型为主,Ki-67多呈低表达。高核级别、HER-2过表达、ER阴性、PR阴性是影响并促进乳腺DCIS进展为DCIS-MI的预测因子。IDC患者多以Luminal B型为主,ER、PR状态多呈阳性,Ki-67多呈高表达。而在年龄分布上无差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:乳腺DCIS、DCIS-MI及IDC间免疫组化标记物和分子分型分布不同,与DCIS相比,DCIS-MI核异型性多呈高核分级,ER、PR阴性比例多,HER-2过表达型比例多,考虑DCIS-MI是独立存在的一种病变,较DCIS有“质”的改变,提示两者处于乳腺癌进展的不同阶段。

乳腺X线及MRI特征联合临床病理预测乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润

目的探讨基于临床病理、乳腺X线(mammography,MG)和MRI特征预测乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润(ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion,DCISM)的价值。材料与方法回顾性收集宁夏医科大学总医院2019年6月至2022年6月最终经手术病理证实为纯导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)和DCISM的首诊女性患者的病例资料为训练组,评估术前患者的临床病理、MG和MRI特征。采用单、多因素logistic回归分析明确DCISM的独立危险因素,并建立联合模型。通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)及校准图评估模型的诊断效能,应用决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)观察联合模型的临床实用性。前瞻性收集2022年7月至2023年7月符合纳入、排除标准的患者作为验证组进行验证。应用沙普利加和解释(Shapley Additive exPlanation,SHAP)分析联合模型中病灶最长径、核级别、坏死、Ki-67指数、P63状态、钙化状态和最小ADC值(minimum value of apparent diffusion coefficient,ADCmin)预测DCISM的价值。收集535例患者共550个病灶(15例患者为同时性双乳癌),患者年龄23~81岁,中位年龄50岁。训练组(n=382)中102个病灶(27%)和验证组(n=168)中52个病灶(31%)被诊断为DCISM。结果多因素logistic回归结果显示,病灶最长径、核级别、坏死、Ki-67指数、P63状态、钙化状态和ADCmin是DCISM的独立危险因素。基于上述参数构建临床病理及联合模型,在训练组和验证组中均表现出较高的预测效能(AUC:0.937、0.899)。根据SHAP分析,病灶最长径、Ki-67指数和ADCmin在联合模型中对预测DCISM起主要贡献,而钙化状态、核级别、P63状态和坏死是补充因素。结论联合临床病理及术前MG和MRI特征的预测模型可有效从纯DCIS区分出DCISM,从而提升临床决策和治疗规划的准确性。

数字化乳腺断层摄影对浸润性乳腺导管癌病灶大小测量准确性及影响因素分析

目的:探讨数字化乳腺断层摄影(digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)评估浸润性乳腺导管癌(invasive mammary ductal carcinoma,IDC)病变大小的准确性,并分析其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2019年03月至2022年08月在我院经手术病理确诊为IDC的145例患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均行DBT检查。以手术切除新鲜标本病理测量值为金标准,采用Spearman相关分析和Bland-Altman图比较DBT预估IDC病灶大小的相关性及一致性检验。采用多因素Logistic回归分析DBT测量IDC病灶大小不准确的预测因素。结果:DBT及病理测量病灶大小的中位数(四分位间距)分别为2.1(1.5,2.8)cm、2.5(2.0,3.0)cm。DBT检查测量病灶大小一致率为75.86%(110/145),低估病灶21.38%(31/145),高估病灶2.76%(4/145)。Spearman相关分析显示,DBT与病理测量IDC病灶大小呈中度正相关,r=0.575,P<0.001。Bland-Altman分析显示,DBT检查较病理金标准,略低估病灶大小,平均差值为-0.408 cm,95%CI为-0.559~-0.258。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,病理测量大小>2 cm及肿块形态不规则形是DBT测量IDC病灶大小不准确的独立危险因素(OR=8.110,95%CI为2.077~31.672,P=0.003;OR=0.301,95%CI为0.113~0.798,P=0.016)。结论:DBT检查测量IDC病灶大小与病理测量值呈中度相关,对IDC病灶大小测量一致率较高,可以作为IDC术前预估病灶大小的依据,但仍存在低估病灶大小的情况。病理测量大小>2 cm及肿块形态不规则形IDC更易出现测量病灶大小不准确。

多模态影像组学列线图术前预测乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结转移的价值

目的探讨多模态影像组学列线图术前预测乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的价值。材料与方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年6月在我院经手术病理证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的224例患者的临床及影像资料。首先,选取T2WI图像和动态对比增强MRI(dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)第二期图像的病灶最大层面及同一病灶的钼靶(mammography,MG)头尾位、内外斜位图像勾画感兴趣区,并且提取病灶感兴趣区特征,按照7∶3比例将样本随机分为训练集156例和测试集68例,通过最小绝对收缩和选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)回归进行特征降维筛选,选择5种机器学习分类器[支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)、K近邻(K nearest neighbors,KNN)、极端梯度提升决策树(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)、逻辑回归(logistic regression,LR)、随机森林(randomforest,RF)]构建多模态影像组学模型并选择预测性能最佳分类器建立MRI、MG影像组学模型。通过单-多因素logistic回归筛选临床高危因素构建临床模型。最终选择影像组学评分联合临床高危因素构建影像组学列线图模型。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评价模型预测乳腺癌患者ALN状态的性能,利用校准曲线评价模型的拟合能力,决策曲线评估预测模型的临床实用性。结果最终得到14个最佳影像组学特征。在测试集中5种机器学习分类器AUC值范围为0.764~0.864,其中SVM的AUC值最高(0.864)。淋巴结触诊(P<0.001)及MRI_ALN(P=0.005)是评估ALN是否转移的独立危险因素。列线图模型训练集AUC、敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为0.941、90.7%、88.9%、88.5%;测试集分别为0.926、84.4%、86.1%、85.3%。结论列线图模型性能最佳,在术前预测ALN状态具有重要的价值,可以协助临床制订科学有效的诊疗方案。

磁共振成像中瘤周水肿与乳腺浸润性导管癌侵袭性的相关性研究

目的探讨术前磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)中瘤周水肿特征与乳腺浸润性导管癌侵袭性的相关性。方法选取2020年1月至2021年5月于宁波大学附属第一医院行乳腺癌根治术且病理诊断为浸润性导管癌的患者79例(79个病灶)纳入浸润性导管癌组,同期45例(49个病灶)乳房良性病变患者纳入良性病变组。比较两组患者的瘤周水肿差异及浸润性导管癌不同病理特征与瘤周水肿的关系。结果良性病变组患者的瘤周水肿显著轻于浸润性导管癌组(χ^(2)=25.330,P<0.05),浸润性导管癌组患者的肿块大小与瘤周水肿程度呈正相关(r=0.381,P<0.05)。不同瘤周水肿分级患者的分子分型、组织学分级、肿瘤T分期、是否淋巴结转移、Ki-67表达水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ki-67表达水平、淋巴结转移个数与瘤周水肿程度均呈正相关(r=0.348、0.273,P<0.05)。结论MRI中瘤周水肿程度与乳腺浸润性导管癌的侵袭性相关,可将其作为评估乳腺癌的工具之一。

超声特征列线图模型在乳腺导管原位癌和导管内乳头状瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:分析乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)和导管内乳头状瘤(IDP)的临床及超声特征,构建DCIS与IDP的列线图预测模型。方法:选取经病理证实的156例(212个)DCIS和158例(238个)IDP的患者资料,经单因素和多因素分析评估超声诊断DCIS的影响因素,建立诊断模型,明确各超声征象在诊断中的价值。结果:单因素分析结果显示,两组在年龄、病史、结节长径、体积、边缘、后方回声、钙化、彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)及阻力指数(RI)等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,结节周围导管无异常、后方回声衰减、出现微钙化及RI≥0.70时,倾向于DCIS;结节周围导管为单纯性扩张或乏血供时,倾向于IDP。将这些指标纳入列线图模型,在训练集和验证集中均显示出较高的预测性能、校准和临床价值。结论:超声特征列线图模型可以便捷鉴别DCIS和IDP,当结节周围导管无异常、后方回声衰减、出现微钙化、RI≥0.70时应警惕DCIS的发生。

双能量CT定量参数预测乳腺浸润性导管癌病理分级及乳腺癌分子亚型的研究

目的 探讨双能量CT定量参数对乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)病理分级及分子亚型的预测价值。方法收集2022年1月至2023年6月在本院经病理证实的63例IDC患者的病例资料。患者均行双能量CT胸部双期增强扫描,将双期能量CT图像导入工作站进行后处理,记录病灶和主动脉分别在动脉期及静脉期的碘浓度和归一化有效原子序数;在单能谱程序中获得病灶分别在动静脉期40-70kev不同单能级时的CT值。将病灶分为高、低分化组及4种亚型。对比不同分化程度IDC定量参数的差异及定量参数与乳腺癌病理分化程度之间的相关性。采用ROC曲线评价定量参数对不同分化程度病灶的鉴别诊断效能。结果63例IDC患者中,除静脉期λ值外,高分化组与低分化组的各定量参数值均存在显著差异;动脉期中病灶的IC、 SIC、λ、nZeff值与分化程度之间呈正相关;动脉期λ值的ROC曲线下面积最大(0.954),对应敏感度为83.25%,特异度为69.05%。结论 双能量CT定量参数对IDC病理分级及分子亚型具有一定的预测价值,值得在临床上大力推广。

KCTD8基因在乳腺导管内癌中的蛋白表达及临床意义

目的:探讨KCTD8基因在乳腺导管内癌中的蛋白表达水平及其与临床因素、预后的相关性。方法:收集27例乳腺导管内癌患者癌组织和癌旁组织,应用免疫组织化学技术分析KCTD8基因在各组织中的蛋白表达水平,运用统计学方法分析KCTD8蛋白表达水平与乳腺导管内癌患者临床因素和预后生物指标间的相关性。利用TCGA数据库分析KCTD8基因与乳腺癌(含导管内癌)预后的关系。结果:KCTD8基因在乳腺导管内癌组织中的蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05),且其蛋白表达水平的降低与肿瘤大小相关(P<0.05)。TCGA数据库发现乳腺癌(含导管内癌)组织中KCTD8基因的表达和异常高甲基化均影响患者的预后。结论:KCTD8基因蛋白表达水平降低可能参与乳腺癌的发展,影响患者预后。

乳腺浸润性导管癌肿块大小与多模态超声及免疫指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨不同大小乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)的常规超声、声触诊组织成像和定量分析(VTIQ)、超声造影超声特征及免疫指标的差异。方法:回顾性分析2017年-2022年5月在本院经病理证实的106例IDC患者的多模态超声和临床资料。根据肿块大小,将患者分为>2 cm组(55例)和≤2 cm组(51例)。分析两组之间肿瘤的常规超声特征(位置、纵横比、后方回声衰减、边缘毛刺征、Adler血流分级)、VTIQ指标[剪切波速度最大值(SWV_(max))、最小值(SWV_(min))、周边平均值(SWV_(周边AVG))、肿瘤与同切面正常腺体SWV最大值的比值(maxSWVR_(肿瘤/正常乳腺))、最大值与最小值的比值SWVR_(max/min))]和超声造影特征(增强程度、增强速度、增强顺序、病灶边缘放射状汇聚、灌注缺损和增强后病灶范围有无增大)的差异,及其与肿瘤免疫组化指标(ER、PR、Her-2、Ki-67)的相关性。结果:两组之间病变位置(χ^(2)=6.937,P=0.031)、Adler血流分级(χ^(2)=9.456,P=0.002)、SWV周边AVG(Z=-2.504,P=0.012)、maxSWVR肿瘤/正常乳腺(Z=-2.545,P=0.011)、SWVR_(max/min)(Z=-2.469,P=0.014)、增强强度(χ^(2)=3.918,P=0.048)、增强后放射状汇聚(χ^(2)=10.403,P=0.001)、增强后病灶面积增大与否(χ^(2)=8.289,P=0.004)及Ki-67水平(χ^(2)=5.213,P=0.022)的差异均具有统计学意义。Adler血流分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、增强后病灶边缘放射状汇聚、增强后病灶面积增大、高SWV周边AVG、高SWVR_(max/min)、高maxSWVR_(肿瘤/正常乳腺)乳腺IDC肿块大小呈正相关。结论:不同直径的乳腺浸润性导管癌(以2 cm为阈值时)的多模态超声特征存在一定差异,可以为临床及超声医师的术前诊断提供参考依据。