Effects of Probiotics on Breeding Environment and Intestinal Microorganisms of Livestock and Poultry

[Objectives] The paper was to study the effects of probiotics on breeding environment of livestock and poultry and intestinal microorgan-isms of breeding animals. [Method] Chicken houses and hog houses were selected as the research objects. The breeding house supplemented with basal diet was used as the control group;the breeding house sprayed with probiotics product 1 was experimental group 1(exogenous treatment);the basal diet mixed with probiotics product 2 and drinking water mixed with product 3 was experimental group 2(endogenous treatment);and the com-bination of the two experimental groups was experimental group 3. [Results] Experimental groups 1 and 2 reduced the concentration of ammonia in hog houses and chicken houses, and the effect of experimental group 2 was better than that of experimental group 1. Experimental group 3 had the best effect, which significantly reduced the ammonia concentration in hog houses and chicken houses by 28.67% and 34.09%, respectively, and the average ammonia concentration outside the house within the range of 100-300 m was less than 2 mg/m^(3). Moreover, it significantly increased the number of intestinal lactobacillus and reduced the number of Escherichia coli. [Conclusions] Probiotics can effectively reduce the ammonia concentration in livestock and poultry breeding environment, and improve the intestinal microbial structure of breeding animals. The technology of spraying exogenous probiotics combined with the use of content-derived probiotics has great potential for popularization and application.

Design and Implementation of Environment Monitoring and Alarm System for Broiler Breeding Based on Internet of Things

Environment plays a vital role in the breeding process of broilers. In order to effectively monitor and control the breeding environment of broilers, a broiler breeding environment monitoring and alarm system based on internet of things is studied and established. The system adopts the narrow band internet of things communication technology, and can transmit the temperature, humidity, illumination and ammonia and other environ-mental data in the chicken house remotely through terminal collection unified interface device. Meantime, it realizes the control of fans, wet cur-tains, small windows and illumination in the chicken house by threshold method. The system software is designed and implemented by C#, SQL Server, WeX5 and other development tools, including platform terminal and enterprise terminal. Since its operation, the system is featured by stable state, reliable data and timely alarm, which solves the problem of unified control of different sensors and realizes the effective control of house envi-ronment.

A Multi-Agent Expert System for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect

When a child abuse situation arises, the responsible agencies and entities in charge of response should be capable of providing a fast and personalized solution for the good of the child. This need leads the authors to consider the formation of dynamic virtual organizations tailored to each particular abuse case. In the authors＇ approach the partner selection of these collaborative networks is done through a software tool that combines two technologies from the field of artificial intelligence, specifically multi-agent systems and expert systems. In addition, these partners come from the breeding environment constituted by all the agencies or individuals, either in a region or locality, which have the potential of response.

A review on microbial aerosols in livestock and poultry environments:pollution characteristics,damage mechanisms,and mitigation measures

Livestock and poultry breeding environments suffer from serious microbial aerosol pollution,posing a significant challenge to maintaining healthy animal rearing.This study reviewed the sources,pollution status,hazards,pathogenic mechanisms,and mitigation measures of microbial aerosols in livestock and poultry breeding settings,based on research conducted over the past two decades.Notably,the study analyzed the distribution characteristics of aerosol components in various animal houses,with a focus on identifying the main factors affecting these characteristics and the molecular mechanisms by which they damage the animal immune system.Quantitative analysis revealed varying concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosols in different animal houses,with poultry houses often exhibiting higher concentrations.The dominant bacterial and fungal species varied across different animal houses,emphasizing the complex composition of microbial aerosols.Furthermore,antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes,particularly those resistant to tetracycline,are prevalent in these environments,challenging disease prevention and control efforts.Thus,the infection source must be controlled through isolation measures and proper waste management.Proper disinfectant use,responsible antibiotic stewardship,biosecurity measures,and alternative disease prevention strategies should be implemented.Future research should focus on developing monitoring technologies for pathogenic microorganisms,implementing purification technologies,and investigating the immune-damaging mechanisms of microbial aerosols.By addressing these areas,we can further understand microbial aerosols in livestock and poultry environments and develop effective strategies to mitigate their harmful effects.This review contributes to the sustainable development of animal farming to ensure the health and welfare of animals.

The Gray Mouse Lemur: A Model for Studies of Primate Metabolic Rate Depression

The use of daily torpor and/or of multi-day torpor bouts during a hibernation season are energy-saving survival strategies that have been well-studied for many years,particularly for small mammals living in seasonally-cold environments.Both phenomena are characterized by a regulated suppression of metabolic rate,

Genomics and effective trait candidates of edible insects

The farming of insects for food has many advantages,since insects are readily available,can be grown in small areas,are efficient at the conversion of food to biomass,and have a minimal contribution to environmental degradation.We review the prospects for farming insects using data obtained from next-generation genome-wide DNA sequencing to guide the selection of desirable traits.This approach is more efficient than traditional breeding processes and promises to facilitate the development of insect strains with phenotypes which make them desirable as food sources.We also review some of the potential problems associated with the mass production of insects and suggest some factors which must be taken into consideration as inbreeding depression,adaptability,and allergens.Insects are a cheap,easily available source of nutrients such as proteins and fats,and the efficient mass production of insect-based foods may help to ameliorate problems of the food supply.