Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The treatment of breast carcinoma has advanced in the last decade and nowadays there are treatment protocols for all stages of the disease. Depending on ...Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The treatment of breast carcinoma has advanced in the last decade and nowadays there are treatment protocols for all stages of the disease. Depending on the histopathology and stage breast cancer is treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Regarding radiation, the field of irradiation includes the chest wall in patients with mastectomy, or the breast glandular tissue in patients with conserving surgical approaches. It is often treated with radiation therapy with two opposing tangential fields, and when indicated supraclavicular lymph nodes have to be irradiated. In this case an additional anterior field is applied. The tangential as well as the other radiation beams have a potential damaging effect on the healthy surrounding tissues, particularly over the heart in the left breast irradiation and in the lungs as well. Material and Methods: The study included 25 patients with left breast carcinoma, all post surgery, treated with radiation therapy, with the Elekta accelerator at our department. For academic purpose the treatment plans were generated following two methods. The first one with two tangential opposite beams plus a supraclavicular beam. In this method the angles of the tangential internal and external create an angle that is equal to 180˚{310˚& 130˚};no further changes were made to the beam geometry. Even though this is not the best option from the dose distribution point of view, it is still the most applied method, probably because of the semplicity of it. For each patient, a second plan was generated using two opposite tangential beams plus the supraclavicular beam. The angles of the internal and external beam were changed from 1˚to 3˚, depending on the surface of the body, so that the resulting angle was 180˚± 3˚{310˚± 3˚& 130˚± 3˚} with the aim to adapt the beam geometry as much as possible to the shape of the thoracic wall and to spare the OAR-s. Results and Discussion: The data show that the dose in the organs at risk, in terms of dose percentage, is lower when the angles of the beams are changed with 1˚- 3˚, compared to the classic method where the internal and external angles equal 180˚. This dose is not only non-negligible but significant;for every angle change from 1˚to 3˚, there is a significant reduction in the integral dose in the radiated volume, expressed in percentage, up to 5%. Conclusion: In most centers, the radiation treatment of breast is realized with two tangential opposite beams, which usually are mirror beams, or in other words, the internal and external beam angles create an angle of 180˚{α + β = 180˚}. This is a simple method, which provides a good dose distribution, but leaves a relatively high dose in the organs at risk. This study shows the difference in the dose percentage in the heart and lung when the beam angles are changed adapting to the anatomy of the patient. Reducing these doses allows for better overall treatment and less longtime toxicity, particularly for the heart tissues.展开更多
Objective: To report the experience of Gynecology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville in the management of the inflammatory breast cancers. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive st...Objective: To report the experience of Gynecology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville in the management of the inflammatory breast cancers. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study on cases of the inflammatory breast cancers managed in the Gynecology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville, from January 2011 to December 2015. Results: We collected 44 cases of inflammatory breast cancer representing 17.9% of all breast cancers. The average age of patients was 46.5 years (32 - 70 years) and among them, the majority had inadequate socioeconomic level (90.9%). The risk factor for cancer found in the majority of patients was the age of first menstrual periods before the age of 12 years (52.3%). The average consultation time was long (10 months) and several patients had extensive inflammatory signs (38.6%), with lymph node involvement (84.1%) and metastases (36.4%). At the histological analysis, the most common type was invasive ductal carcinoma (81.8%), SBR grade III (54.5%). Regarding treatment, mastectomy according to Patey associated with a chemotherapy was performed in 22.7% cases. The evolution has been marked by an overall 5-year survival of 20%. Conclusion: The management of inflammatory breast cancers was late and incomplete in our service making poor prognosis.展开更多
目的探讨核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells,NF-κB)和粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage clony-stimulating factor,GM-CSF)的表达与乳腺癌发生骨转移的相关性及其与临床...目的探讨核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells,NF-κB)和粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage clony-stimulating factor,GM-CSF)的表达与乳腺癌发生骨转移的相关性及其与临床病理指标的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法,检测52例乳腺癌骨转移患者、72例乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中NF-κB和GM-CSF的表达。结果乳腺癌骨转移组NF-κB阳性表达率(69.2%)明显高于乳腺癌组(41.7%),P=0.002;而乳腺癌骨转移组GM-CSF阳性表达率(34.6%)低于乳腺癌组(63.9%),P=0.001;NF-κB和GM-CSF表达间无明显的相关性(P=0.490);NF-κB表达与乳腺癌分子病理分型有相关性(P=0.000),而GM-CSF表达与乳腺癌分子病理分型无明显相关性(P=0.991);NF-κB表达与肿块大小、临床分期、淋巴结转移数目、受体状态、HER-2、p53表达有关,GM-CSF表达与其它临床病理指标均无相关性。结论 NF-κB表达与乳腺癌多项临床病理指标有关,其可能与乳腺癌骨转移发生有关。展开更多
用光子密度波(diffuse photon density waves,DPDW)检测乳腺癌是一种新的无创测量方法。由于乳腺腺体与癌变组织对光的吸收系数不同,通过光子密度波的变化重建出异物的吸收系数,可以应用于乳腺癌检测。但在实际应用中采用有限的光源-探...用光子密度波(diffuse photon density waves,DPDW)检测乳腺癌是一种新的无创测量方法。由于乳腺腺体与癌变组织对光的吸收系数不同,通过光子密度波的变化重建出异物的吸收系数,可以应用于乳腺癌检测。但在实际应用中采用有限的光源-探测器对的探测数据对乳腺组织进行重建,离散化过程中引入的位置信息误差会严重影响最后的检测结果。本文提出了权值矩阵均值法,克服了离散化过程误差。仿真验证了该方法的有效性。展开更多
文摘Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The treatment of breast carcinoma has advanced in the last decade and nowadays there are treatment protocols for all stages of the disease. Depending on the histopathology and stage breast cancer is treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Regarding radiation, the field of irradiation includes the chest wall in patients with mastectomy, or the breast glandular tissue in patients with conserving surgical approaches. It is often treated with radiation therapy with two opposing tangential fields, and when indicated supraclavicular lymph nodes have to be irradiated. In this case an additional anterior field is applied. The tangential as well as the other radiation beams have a potential damaging effect on the healthy surrounding tissues, particularly over the heart in the left breast irradiation and in the lungs as well. Material and Methods: The study included 25 patients with left breast carcinoma, all post surgery, treated with radiation therapy, with the Elekta accelerator at our department. For academic purpose the treatment plans were generated following two methods. The first one with two tangential opposite beams plus a supraclavicular beam. In this method the angles of the tangential internal and external create an angle that is equal to 180˚{310˚& 130˚};no further changes were made to the beam geometry. Even though this is not the best option from the dose distribution point of view, it is still the most applied method, probably because of the semplicity of it. For each patient, a second plan was generated using two opposite tangential beams plus the supraclavicular beam. The angles of the internal and external beam were changed from 1˚to 3˚, depending on the surface of the body, so that the resulting angle was 180˚± 3˚{310˚± 3˚& 130˚± 3˚} with the aim to adapt the beam geometry as much as possible to the shape of the thoracic wall and to spare the OAR-s. Results and Discussion: The data show that the dose in the organs at risk, in terms of dose percentage, is lower when the angles of the beams are changed with 1˚- 3˚, compared to the classic method where the internal and external angles equal 180˚. This dose is not only non-negligible but significant;for every angle change from 1˚to 3˚, there is a significant reduction in the integral dose in the radiated volume, expressed in percentage, up to 5%. Conclusion: In most centers, the radiation treatment of breast is realized with two tangential opposite beams, which usually are mirror beams, or in other words, the internal and external beam angles create an angle of 180˚{α + β = 180˚}. This is a simple method, which provides a good dose distribution, but leaves a relatively high dose in the organs at risk. This study shows the difference in the dose percentage in the heart and lung when the beam angles are changed adapting to the anatomy of the patient. Reducing these doses allows for better overall treatment and less longtime toxicity, particularly for the heart tissues.
文摘Objective: To report the experience of Gynecology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville in the management of the inflammatory breast cancers. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study on cases of the inflammatory breast cancers managed in the Gynecology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville, from January 2011 to December 2015. Results: We collected 44 cases of inflammatory breast cancer representing 17.9% of all breast cancers. The average age of patients was 46.5 years (32 - 70 years) and among them, the majority had inadequate socioeconomic level (90.9%). The risk factor for cancer found in the majority of patients was the age of first menstrual periods before the age of 12 years (52.3%). The average consultation time was long (10 months) and several patients had extensive inflammatory signs (38.6%), with lymph node involvement (84.1%) and metastases (36.4%). At the histological analysis, the most common type was invasive ductal carcinoma (81.8%), SBR grade III (54.5%). Regarding treatment, mastectomy according to Patey associated with a chemotherapy was performed in 22.7% cases. The evolution has been marked by an overall 5-year survival of 20%. Conclusion: The management of inflammatory breast cancers was late and incomplete in our service making poor prognosis.
文摘目的探讨核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells,NF-κB)和粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage clony-stimulating factor,GM-CSF)的表达与乳腺癌发生骨转移的相关性及其与临床病理指标的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法,检测52例乳腺癌骨转移患者、72例乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织中NF-κB和GM-CSF的表达。结果乳腺癌骨转移组NF-κB阳性表达率(69.2%)明显高于乳腺癌组(41.7%),P=0.002;而乳腺癌骨转移组GM-CSF阳性表达率(34.6%)低于乳腺癌组(63.9%),P=0.001;NF-κB和GM-CSF表达间无明显的相关性(P=0.490);NF-κB表达与乳腺癌分子病理分型有相关性(P=0.000),而GM-CSF表达与乳腺癌分子病理分型无明显相关性(P=0.991);NF-κB表达与肿块大小、临床分期、淋巴结转移数目、受体状态、HER-2、p53表达有关,GM-CSF表达与其它临床病理指标均无相关性。结论 NF-κB表达与乳腺癌多项临床病理指标有关,其可能与乳腺癌骨转移发生有关。
文摘用光子密度波(diffuse photon density waves,DPDW)检测乳腺癌是一种新的无创测量方法。由于乳腺腺体与癌变组织对光的吸收系数不同,通过光子密度波的变化重建出异物的吸收系数,可以应用于乳腺癌检测。但在实际应用中采用有限的光源-探测器对的探测数据对乳腺组织进行重建,离散化过程中引入的位置信息误差会严重影响最后的检测结果。本文提出了权值矩阵均值法,克服了离散化过程误差。仿真验证了该方法的有效性。
