In recent years,water collecting systems,with the associated advantages of energy saving and noise reduction,have become the foundation for the development of a scheme to optimize the structure of cooling towers.To ex...In recent years,water collecting systems,with the associated advantages of energy saving and noise reduction,have become the foundation for the development of a scheme to optimize the structure of cooling towers.To explore the feasibility of this approach for mechanical draft cooling towers,a small-scale experimental device has been built to study the resistance and splash performances of three U-type water collecting devices(WCDs)for different water flow rates and wind speeds.The experimental results show that within the considered ranges of wind speed and water flow rate,the pressure drop of the different WCDs can vary significantly.The resistance and local splash performances can also be remarkably different.Some recommendations about the most suitable system are provided.Moreover,a regression analysis of the experimental data is conducted,and the resulting fitting formulas for resistance and splash performance of WCD are reported.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>Recent trends show that in the coming decades, Kenya’s natural resources will continue to face signifi...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>Recent trends show that in the coming decades, Kenya’s natural resources will continue to face significant pressure due to both anthropogenic and natural stressors, and this will have greater negative impacts on socio-economic development including food security and livelihoods. Understanding the impacts of these stressors is an important step to developing coping and adaptation strategies at every level. The Water Towers of Kenya play a critical role in supplying ecosystems services such as water supply, timber and non-timber forest products and regulating services such as climate and water quantity and quality. To assess the vulnerability of the Water Towers to climate change, the study adopted the IPCC AR4 framework that defines vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The historical trends in rainfall indicate that the three Water Towers show a declining rainfall trend during the March-April-May (MAM) main rainy season, while the October-November-December (OND) short rainy season shows an increase. The temperature patterns are consistent with the domain having a common rising trend with a rate in the range of 0.3<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C to 0.5<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C per decade. Projection analysis considered three emissions scenarios: low-emission (mitigation) scenario (RCP2.6), a medium-level emission scenario (RCP4.5), and a high-emission (business as usual) scenario (RCP8.5). The results of the high-emission scenario show that the annual temperature over the Water Towers could rise by 3.0<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C to 3.5<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C by the 2050s (2036-2065) and 3.6<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C to 4.8<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C by the 2070s (2055-2085 results not presented), relative to the baseline period 1970-2000. The findings indicate that exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity vary in magnitude, as well as spatially across the Water Towers. This is reflected in the spatially variable vulnerability index across the Water Towers. Overall vulnerability will increase in the water towers leading to erosion of the resilience of the exposed ecosystems and the communities that rely on ecosystem services these landscapes provide. </div>展开更多
This paper is concerned with water saving for water-loop cooling tower system in power plants. A newly developed water saving device of swirling flow is presented. The key point is that the new water saving device mak...This paper is concerned with water saving for water-loop cooling tower system in power plants. A newly developed water saving device of swirling flow is presented. The key point is that the new water saving device makes the steam swirl up along the device wall rather than engender laminar flow in a corrugated plate. The corrugated plate device can save approximately 10 percent of the total lost water. In contrast to the scale model of corrugated plate water saving device, experimental analyses have demonstrated that the new water saving device of swirling flow is more efficient, with a capacity of saving more than 20 percent of water.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2022ME008)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KCXFZ20201221173409026)+2 种基金the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(YSPSDU,No.2018WLJH73)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization,Zhejiang University(Program No.ZJUCEU2020011)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2021ME118).
文摘In recent years,water collecting systems,with the associated advantages of energy saving and noise reduction,have become the foundation for the development of a scheme to optimize the structure of cooling towers.To explore the feasibility of this approach for mechanical draft cooling towers,a small-scale experimental device has been built to study the resistance and splash performances of three U-type water collecting devices(WCDs)for different water flow rates and wind speeds.The experimental results show that within the considered ranges of wind speed and water flow rate,the pressure drop of the different WCDs can vary significantly.The resistance and local splash performances can also be remarkably different.Some recommendations about the most suitable system are provided.Moreover,a regression analysis of the experimental data is conducted,and the resulting fitting formulas for resistance and splash performance of WCD are reported.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>Recent trends show that in the coming decades, Kenya’s natural resources will continue to face significant pressure due to both anthropogenic and natural stressors, and this will have greater negative impacts on socio-economic development including food security and livelihoods. Understanding the impacts of these stressors is an important step to developing coping and adaptation strategies at every level. The Water Towers of Kenya play a critical role in supplying ecosystems services such as water supply, timber and non-timber forest products and regulating services such as climate and water quantity and quality. To assess the vulnerability of the Water Towers to climate change, the study adopted the IPCC AR4 framework that defines vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The historical trends in rainfall indicate that the three Water Towers show a declining rainfall trend during the March-April-May (MAM) main rainy season, while the October-November-December (OND) short rainy season shows an increase. The temperature patterns are consistent with the domain having a common rising trend with a rate in the range of 0.3<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C to 0.5<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C per decade. Projection analysis considered three emissions scenarios: low-emission (mitigation) scenario (RCP2.6), a medium-level emission scenario (RCP4.5), and a high-emission (business as usual) scenario (RCP8.5). The results of the high-emission scenario show that the annual temperature over the Water Towers could rise by 3.0<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C to 3.5<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C by the 2050s (2036-2065) and 3.6<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C to 4.8<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C by the 2070s (2055-2085 results not presented), relative to the baseline period 1970-2000. The findings indicate that exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity vary in magnitude, as well as spatially across the Water Towers. This is reflected in the spatially variable vulnerability index across the Water Towers. Overall vulnerability will increase in the water towers leading to erosion of the resilience of the exposed ecosystems and the communities that rely on ecosystem services these landscapes provide. </div>
文摘This paper is concerned with water saving for water-loop cooling tower system in power plants. A newly developed water saving device of swirling flow is presented. The key point is that the new water saving device makes the steam swirl up along the device wall rather than engender laminar flow in a corrugated plate. The corrugated plate device can save approximately 10 percent of the total lost water. In contrast to the scale model of corrugated plate water saving device, experimental analyses have demonstrated that the new water saving device of swirling flow is more efficient, with a capacity of saving more than 20 percent of water.