A multi-bubble model of universe is presented, in which gravity is the result of the aging of electromagnetic dipoles produced in quantum fluctuations of the action inside a condensate of a particular type of balancin...A multi-bubble model of universe is presented, in which gravity is the result of the aging of electromagnetic dipoles produced in quantum fluctuations of the action inside a condensate of a particular type of balancing gravitons. In the model, the exchange of gravitons among the dipoles and the potential of vacuum balances the energy of the fluctuation. The effect is to create bubbles of space-time that by growing they expand the local vacuum. The model suggests that the universe originates from overlapping of bubbles of space-time associated with dipoles. Matter is originated during gravitons decay. The use of the Bridge Theory demonstrates how the attractive force field that emerges in each bubble is in the first approximation in accordance with Newtonian gravity at small, medium and large distances in accordance with the theory of General Relativity by also introducing a variable cosmological term that justifies some observed cosmological anomalies. The model overcomes the current concepts of Dark Energy and Dark Mass in favor of a gravity produced by the curvature of space-time of the bubble. The existence of the balancing gravitons provides an estimate of the actual amounts of Dark Energy, Dark Matter and matter measured in the current universe. The estimated theoretical mass of the balancing gravitons is consistent with the Kaluza-Klein gravitons of 2.68 TeV observed in the ATLAS experiment during Run #1. Moreover, the use of the observational data of the rotation speeds of two samples of galaxies allows to verify the good agreement of the real universe with the model, providing a possible explanation of the variability in the measurement of the Hubble constant.展开更多
The quantum-relativistic properties of space-time bubbles introduced in the recently proposed multi-Bubbles Universe model have been studied and deepened in the framework of the electromagnetic Bridge theory. In this ...The quantum-relativistic properties of space-time bubbles introduced in the recently proposed multi-Bubbles Universe model have been studied and deepened in the framework of the electromagnetic Bridge theory. In this context, it is shown how the space-time fabric of the emerging universe and the primordial matter contained in it, can be considered the final result of the decay of a pre-universe formed by a BEC of neutral Planck bosons hidden under the space-time horizon, having the characteristics of balancing gravitons associated with the potential energy of the vacuum defined as the field of nothingness. The estimated mass of the Planck boson is compatible with the smallest of the Kaluza-Klein graviton with an energy mass of 2.68 TeV, this value allows to estimate the limit of the Planck energy scale characterized by a lepton particle with a rest mass of 1.27 TeV. It is also shown as an ancient multi-bubble universe obtained by the decay of a pre-universe redshifted nowadays at 2.725 K, provides a Planck blackbody spectrum perfectly in agreement with the cosmic microwave background radiation of our universe measured by the COBE satellite.展开更多
This study explores the essential issues pertaining to a landscape bridge based on a multi-scale methodology,in view of the paucity of design theories for contemporary landscape bridges.We contribute to reinterpret la...This study explores the essential issues pertaining to a landscape bridge based on a multi-scale methodology,in view of the paucity of design theories for contemporary landscape bridges.We contribute to reinterpret landscape bridges on their physical temporal-spatial scales,instead of from perspectives of individual disciplines or their mechanical cooperation.Envisaged in a new systematized framework,we elaborate the dominant and their opposite counterparts of landscape bridges from a binary deconstruction point of view,i.e.,(1)Development and retrogression on the temporal scale,(2)connection and separation on the spatial topographic scale,(3)skyphilia and topophilia on the spatial landscape scale,and(4)extroversion and introversion on the spatial architectural scale.The deconstructed multifaceted scales are instrumental in understanding landscape bridges from various perspectives,with a pyramid model proposed afterward to mediate the discovered oppositions and stimulate the cross-scale interactions.Various possible design paths could be derived from this well-organized and openminded multiple system,which is initially expected in this study to inspire bridge designers with dissimilar backgrounds and calls for a wider ramification.展开更多
文摘A multi-bubble model of universe is presented, in which gravity is the result of the aging of electromagnetic dipoles produced in quantum fluctuations of the action inside a condensate of a particular type of balancing gravitons. In the model, the exchange of gravitons among the dipoles and the potential of vacuum balances the energy of the fluctuation. The effect is to create bubbles of space-time that by growing they expand the local vacuum. The model suggests that the universe originates from overlapping of bubbles of space-time associated with dipoles. Matter is originated during gravitons decay. The use of the Bridge Theory demonstrates how the attractive force field that emerges in each bubble is in the first approximation in accordance with Newtonian gravity at small, medium and large distances in accordance with the theory of General Relativity by also introducing a variable cosmological term that justifies some observed cosmological anomalies. The model overcomes the current concepts of Dark Energy and Dark Mass in favor of a gravity produced by the curvature of space-time of the bubble. The existence of the balancing gravitons provides an estimate of the actual amounts of Dark Energy, Dark Matter and matter measured in the current universe. The estimated theoretical mass of the balancing gravitons is consistent with the Kaluza-Klein gravitons of 2.68 TeV observed in the ATLAS experiment during Run #1. Moreover, the use of the observational data of the rotation speeds of two samples of galaxies allows to verify the good agreement of the real universe with the model, providing a possible explanation of the variability in the measurement of the Hubble constant.
文摘The quantum-relativistic properties of space-time bubbles introduced in the recently proposed multi-Bubbles Universe model have been studied and deepened in the framework of the electromagnetic Bridge theory. In this context, it is shown how the space-time fabric of the emerging universe and the primordial matter contained in it, can be considered the final result of the decay of a pre-universe formed by a BEC of neutral Planck bosons hidden under the space-time horizon, having the characteristics of balancing gravitons associated with the potential energy of the vacuum defined as the field of nothingness. The estimated mass of the Planck boson is compatible with the smallest of the Kaluza-Klein graviton with an energy mass of 2.68 TeV, this value allows to estimate the limit of the Planck energy scale characterized by a lepton particle with a rest mass of 1.27 TeV. It is also shown as an ancient multi-bubble universe obtained by the decay of a pre-universe redshifted nowadays at 2.725 K, provides a Planck blackbody spectrum perfectly in agreement with the cosmic microwave background radiation of our universe measured by the COBE satellite.
基金This work was supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(KYCX18_0162).
文摘This study explores the essential issues pertaining to a landscape bridge based on a multi-scale methodology,in view of the paucity of design theories for contemporary landscape bridges.We contribute to reinterpret landscape bridges on their physical temporal-spatial scales,instead of from perspectives of individual disciplines or their mechanical cooperation.Envisaged in a new systematized framework,we elaborate the dominant and their opposite counterparts of landscape bridges from a binary deconstruction point of view,i.e.,(1)Development and retrogression on the temporal scale,(2)connection and separation on the spatial topographic scale,(3)skyphilia and topophilia on the spatial landscape scale,and(4)extroversion and introversion on the spatial architectural scale.The deconstructed multifaceted scales are instrumental in understanding landscape bridges from various perspectives,with a pyramid model proposed afterward to mediate the discovered oppositions and stimulate the cross-scale interactions.Various possible design paths could be derived from this well-organized and openminded multiple system,which is initially expected in this study to inspire bridge designers with dissimilar backgrounds and calls for a wider ramification.
