Antimicrobial,antityrosinase and brine shrimp lethality test of Bauhinia rufescens Lam(Fabaceae)

Objective:To evaluate leaves and stem bark extracts of Bauhinia rufescens for antimicrobial activities,tyrosinase enzyme inhibition potentials and lethality to brine shrimp larvae(Artemiasalina).Methods:The plant materials were extracted based on polarity gradient of petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and methanol.The extracts were investigated for their antimicrobial,antityrosinase and cytotoxicity potentials.Results:The antimicrobial results indicated that the extracts inhibited the microbial growth in the range of 6.00-12.57 mm(450-1800μg/mL)for bacterial strains and 7.33-14.03 mm(225-1800μg/mL)for fungal strains.While the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition assay of the extracts showed that both the petroleum ether leaves and stem bark extracts exhibited a moderate inhibition(39.60%and 39.89%)towards the action of mushroom tyrosinase enzyme on L-DOPA.In the brine shrimp lethality assay,ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the leaves of the plant were found toxic to the Artemia salina with IC_(50)values of 0.059 mg/mL and 0.389 mg/mL.However,both the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark were nontoxic to the larvae.Conclusions:The result of the present study suggest the presence of phytochemicals possessing antimicrobial and antityrosinase activity as well as cytotoxic agents.

Studies on antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality of crude samples of six different species of puffer ifshes

Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality activity of six different species of puffer fishes,includingCyclichthys orbicularis,Diodon holocanthus,Canthigaster solandri,Arthron hispidus,A.inermis andLagocephalua inermis(L.inermis).Methodology:The puffer fishes were collected from Annangkovil Fish Landing Centre(Lattitude 11°30.47'N;Longitude 79°47.02'E),Parangipettai,Southeast Coast of India during summer season because of availability.Fresh tissue samples were collected from the clearly washed specimens,extracted with methanol at 37°C for 3 days and filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper.The solvents such as methanol and ethanol were concentrated by using rotary evaporator under reduced pressure.The dark brown gummy mass was stored at 4°C for further analysis.Prepared crude samples were analysed with human pathogens to assess the antibacterial activity and this was carried out by using standard disc diffusion method.The brine shrimp lethality was calculated as the percentage of mortality which was firstly calculated by dividing the number of dead larvae by the total number and then multiplied to 100%.Results:The antibacterial activity of crude extract of puffer fishes were exhibited against 10 different human bacterial pathogens.Among the ten human pathogens,Arthron hispidus showed maximum zone of inhibition(8 mm)againstStaphylococcus aureus whileL.inermis showed minimum activity(1 mm)againstProteus mirabilis and no zone of inhibition was observed againstStaphylococcus aureus.Brine shrimp lethality was examined with six puffer fish extracts.Cyclichthys orbicularis showed maximum mortalities as 100%andL.inermis showed minimum mortalities as 70%at a concentration of 500μg/mL.Conclusion:In conclusion,the study showed the preliminary investigation of crude extracts of puffer fishes about the prominent activity against human bacterial pathogens.The extracts had a good cytotoxic potential against brine shrimpArtemina salina.

Phytochemical and toxicity evaluation of Phaleria macrocarpa(Scheff.)Boerl by MCF-7 cell line and brine shrimp lethality bioassay

Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extracts.Methods:The cytotoxicity test was carried out by in vitro MCF-7 cell line and in vivo brine shrimp lethality bioassay.Results:The preliminary phytochemical test showed the presence of alkaloids,carbohydrate,glycosides,saponin,terpene,steroids,phenols and flavonoids.The MTT-assay results showed that the highest percentage of cell viability was 106.23%at concentration of 1.25μL and the lowest percentage was 13.04%at concentration of 10μL.Conclusions:The MTT-assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay results showed that the extract was non-toxic and it would be consumable as a herbal remedy.

Synthesis Characterization and Biological Activities of an Enamine Derivative and Its Coordination Compounds

The medicinal uses and applications of metal complexes are of increasing clinical and commercial importance;this is as a result of some level of success achieved so far. In this regard, novel enamine free-base ligands were synthesized by the condensation of terephthalaldehyde and 2-(methylamino)ethanol. This afforded a dinegative ONNO donor enamine, free base, characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier-transformed infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy. Coordination compounds of the enamine were also synthesized using Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and VO(IV) ions. These complexes were characterized by electronic, IR spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility and EDX. The compounds were thereafter evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The data obtained were supportive of an octahedral geometry for the Cu(II) complex, a square-pyramidal geometry for the vanadium complex and a 4-coordinate square-planar geometry for both the cobalt and nickel complexes. The magnetic susceptibility data revealed that the complexes are magnetically dilute and mononuclear with exception of the cobalt complex. The ligands and the complexes did not exhibit significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic assays, indicative of the nontoxicity of the ligand and complexes.