Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Underground Brine in Lop Nur,Northwestern China

Lop Nur is located at the eastmost end of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang,Northwestern China.This study reviews the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of underground brine in Lop Nur,based on analytical data from 429 water samples(mainly brine).It is found that in the NE-SW direction,from the periphery to the Luobei sub-depression,while the hydrochemical type varies from the sodium sulfate subtype(S)to the magnesium sulfate subtype(M),the corresponding brine in the phase diagram transfers from the thenardite phase(Then)area,through the bloedite phase(Blo),epsomite phase(Eps),picromerite phase(Picro),finally reaching the sylvite phase(Syl)area.As for the degree of evolution,the sequence is the periphery<Luobei horizontally and the overlying glauberite brine<the underlying clastic brine vertically.It is concluded that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the brine have evidently been affected through the effects of evaporation and altitude,as well as the changes in local water circulation in recent years.Boron and chloride isotopic compositions show that the glauberite brine is formed under more arid conditions than the clastic one.The strontium isotopic composition indicates that the Lop Nur brine primarily originates from surface water;however,deep recharge may also be involved in the evolution of the brine,according to previous noble gas studies.It is confirmed that the brine in Lop Nur has become enriched with potassium prior to halite precipitation over the full course of the salt lake's evolution.Based on chemical compositions of brine from drillhole LDK01 and previous lithological studies,the evolution of the salt lake can be divided into three stages and it is inferred that the brine in Lop Nur may have undergone at least two significant concentration-dilution periods.

Effects of conductive agent type on lithium extraction from salt lake brine with LiFePO_(4) electrodes

Electrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes is an effective strategy for obtaining lithium at a low cost.Nevertheless,the elevated Mg:Li ratio and the presence of numerous coexisting ions in salt lake brines give rise to challenges,such as prolonged lithium extraction periods,diminished lithium extraction efficiency,and considerable environmental pollution.In this work,Li FePO4(LFP)served as the electrode material for electrochemical lithium extraction.The conductive network in the LFP electrode was optimized by adjusting the type of conductive agent.This approach resulted in high lithium extraction efficiency and extended cycle life.When the single conductive agent of acetylene black(AB)or multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)was replaced with the mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs,the average diffusion coefficient of Li+in the electrode increased from 2.35×10^(-9)or 1.77×10^(-9)to 4.21×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1).At the current density of 20 mA·g^(-1),the average lithium extraction capacity per gram of LFP electrode increased from 30.36 mg with the single conductive agent(AB)to 35.62 mg with the mixed conductive agent(AB/MWCNTs).When the mixed conductive agent was used,the capacity retention of the electrode after 30 cycles reached 82.9%,which was considerably higher than the capacity retention of 65.8%obtained when the single AB was utilized.Meanwhile,the electrode with mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs provided good cycling performance.When the conductive agent content decreased or the loading capacity increased,the electrode containing the mixed conductive agent continued to show excellent electrochemical performance.Furthermore,a self-designed,highly efficient,continuous lithium extraction device was constructed.The electrode utilizing the AB/MWCNT mixed conductive agent maintained excellent adsorption capacity and cycling performance in this device.This work provides a new perspective for the electrochemical extraction of lithium using LFP electrodes.

Role of high-density brines in reservoir development stages:A review

High-density brines have been recognized beneficial for oilfield applications,with various key areas such as drilling,completion and formation evaluation.High-density brines can play a critical role in the development and production of oil and gas reservoirs during the primary,secondary,and tertiary recovery phases.High-density brines can enhance the mobility and recovery of the oil in the reservoir by controlling the density and viscosity.However,a less attention has been given to the application of high-density brine in the area of reservoir development.This review is shedding light on a concise overview of reservoir development stages in association with the recovery mechanisms.In addition,most possible applications of high-density fluids have also been reviewed in the field of the reservoir development.In summary,this review state that high-density brines can be used to stimulate reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing during the primary recovery phase.However,the risk of increased interfacial tension,which relies on the density difference of two fluids,can trap more residual oil relative to conventional water flooding.In addition,high-density brines are effective in decreasing the mobility ratio and facilitating favorable displacement during polymer flooding.However,they can be least effective in alkaline flooding due to the high IFT related to large density differences.Thus,it is suggested to consider the utilization of sustainable high-density brines by taking into account effective factors in petroleum engineering aspects such as stimulation,secondary recovery and polymer flooding.

基于BP神经网络的咸水黏度预测及其对渗流的影响

在碳中和背景下,采用CO_(2)咸水层封存技术来实现碳减排目标时,咸水黏度对储层中的CO_(2)-咸水两相渗流过程有着直接的影响。目前,基于压力影响的黏度预测方法仍有待完善。使用最小二乘法、BP神经网络和基于遗传算法的BP神经网络,将咸水黏度分别当作温度、质量摩尔浓度的二元函数以及温度、质量摩尔浓度、压力的三元函数优化了现有的计算方法,建立了考虑压力影响的黏度预测优化模型。在获得最佳的预测方式后,基于COMSOL软件的水平集方法系统分析了黏度对渗流的影响。研究结果表明,采用最小二乘法可以对现有的经验公式进行一定优化,但是效果不明显;采用二元BP神经网络可以将预测精度提高45.20%,考虑压力后采用三元BP神经网络可以将预测精度提高57.32%。因此,在实验数据充足的情况下,基于BP神经网络模型可以得到较大压力范围内可靠的咸水黏度值;由于经验公式法能够预测黏度变化趋势,在缺乏相应实验数据的情况下,可通过经验公式法获得咸水黏度值。此外,通过仿真结果可以发现,黏度会影响流体在流道的分布,进而影响流动速度,黏度比越大,出口平均速度波动越小且更快地趋于平稳;而且黏度比越大,残余水饱和度越小,越有利于驱替过程的进行,二者呈对数函数的关系。

Solvent extraction of rubidium and cesium from salt lake brine with t-BAMBP-kerosene solution

The residues of salt lake brine from which potassium had been removed were used to extract Rb＋ and Cs＋ together with a sulphonated kerosene（SK） solution of 1.0 mol/L 4-tert-butyl-2-（α-methylbenzyl） phenol（t-BAMBP）. Rb＋ and Cs＋ were enriched and separated effectively by precipitating Mg2＋ before extraction and by scrubbing out K＋ and Na＋ repeatedly before stripping. The effects of the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous extraction phase（O/A）, alkalinity of aqueous phase（c（OH）-）, interference from K＋ and Mg2＋, and ratio the volume of organic phase to aqueous scrubbing phase（O/A′） were investigated. The experimental brine was extracted optimally by 5-stage extraction with 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP in SK, c（OH-）=1 mol/L, and O/A=1：1. The scrubbing yield of rubidium was only about 10.5% when the extraction solvent was washed 3 times with 1×10-4 mol/L Na OH at O/A′=1：0.5. After 5-stage countercurrent extraction, the final extraction yields of Rb＋ and Cs＋ reached 95.04% and 99.80%, respectively.

Extraction of lithium from salt lake brine by aluminum-based alloys

Salt lake brine was reacted with activated aluminum-based alloys and lithium was precipitated.The effects of aluminum-based alloys on precipitating lithium were investigated and the reasonable alloy used to extract lithium from brine was obtained.The effects of the mole ratio of Al to Li and Ca content of Al-Ca alloy,the initial concentration of lithiumion ion in solution,reaction temperature and reaction time on the adsorption rate of lithium were studied,and the optimized process parameters were determined.The results show that the mole ratio of Al to Li and Ca content of Al-Ca alloy and reaction temperature have great influences on the precipitation rate of lithium.The precipitation rate of lithium reaches 94.6% under the optimal condition,indicating that Al-Ca alloy is suitable for the extraction of lithium from salt lake brine.

新疆莎车拗陷晚白垩世吐依洛克组古盐湖卤水浓缩阶段及成钾指示——来自石盐流体包裹体的证据

石盐流体包裹体成分记录着古盐湖卤水的成分信息,可以揭示古盐湖卤水浓缩是否达到钾盐沉积阶段,从而进行盐湖成钾预测。新疆莎车拗陷位于塔里木盆地西南部,晚白垩世末期发育的吐依洛克组上部为石盐岩透镜体,已知最大纯盐厚度264 m,被认为是找钾的有利层位。近年来,中国大部分古蒸发岩盆地中石盐流体包裹体成分已获得并进行成钾预测,但唯独没有对莎车拗陷石盐中流体包裹体成分开展测试。笔者等利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法对莎车拗陷中喀拉塔勒盐点和塔什米里克盐点的石盐中流体包裹体成分进行测试,结果显示:喀拉塔勒盐点和塔什米里克盐点的Br平均含量分别为65.50 mg/L、243.95 mg/L;Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+)值分别为0.43、0.32,反映了拗陷晚白垩世古盐湖沉积处于地质历史上的“方解石海”时期;平均溴氯系数分别为0.11和0.39,揭示了莎车拗陷晚白垩世古盐湖卤水演化在塔什米里克盐点区域达到了钾盐沉积阶段。因此塔什米里克盐点所在区域具有良好的成钾前景,对今后在该拗陷钾盐成矿靶区圈定及古盐湖卤水演化研究具有重要的指示意义。

Brineshrimp致死率生测法筛选九牛造抗癌活性部位

首次采用Ｂｒｉｎｅｓｈｒｉｍｐ致死率生测法检测了九牛造的不同提取组分的抗癌活性，结果表明其根提取组分均具生物活性。

Screening an Na^+/H^+ Antiporter Gene from the Halophiles Colonizing in the Dagong Ancient Brine Well of Zigong City,China

[Objective] This study aimed to screen an Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene from the halophiles colonizing in the Dagong Ancient Brine Well in Zigong City, China, and then analyze the gene structure and properties of the protein encoded by this gene. [Method] Metagenomic DNA libraries of halophiles from the Dagong Ancient Brine Well were used for screening genes with Na＋/H＋ antiporter activity in antiporter-defi- cient E. coil KNabc strain by functional complementation. Then the start codon, stop codon, ORF, -35 region, -10 region and SD sequence of Na~/H＋ antiporter gene, as well as the molecular weight, isoelectric point, hydrophobic region, transmembrane domain, phyletic evolution and salt resistance of protein encoded by the gene were investigated. [Result] A new Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene m-nha was obtained, which ,ren- dered the antiporter-negative mutant E. coil KNabc cells with both the resistance to Na＋ and the ability to grow under alkaline conditions. [Conclusion] The structure and amino acid sequence of M-Nha was different from the previously reported Na＋/H~ antiporters, and the m-nha gene disclosed from the Dagong Ancient Brine Well was identified as a novel Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene. This study was significant not only in helping us understand the salt tolerance of halophiles in ancient brine wells and develop and utilize the genes resource, but also in exploring new salt-tolerant genes.

卤水中低浓度铷、铯的选择性吸附研究

卤水中铷铯资源的提取对于我国高新技术产业的发展具有重要意义,但卤水成分复杂,实现铷铯与高浓度杂质离子的分离十分困难。普鲁士蓝(FeHCF)及其类似物具有优良的铷、铯选择性,因此成为主流的铷、铯吸附材料。对比普鲁士蓝及四种类普鲁士蓝吸附剂对高盐卤水中低浓度铷、铯的吸附性能。FeHCF由于吸附效果良好、试剂价格较低而被用于后续试验。随后,探究不同因素对FeHCF吸附行为的影响,在优化条件下,铷和铯的吸附率分别为94.4%和99.4%,饱和吸附容量分别为517.3 mg/L和2.8 mg/L。最后,对吸附前后FeHCF的理化性质进行详细分析,验证了FeHCF对铷的成功选择性吸附。

基于铝土矿的矿物复合材料的制备及其在川宣地1井深部卤水提锂中的应用

以天然铝土矿为原料,制备了以LiCl·2 Al(OH)_(3)·n H_(2)O为核心成分的铝土矿基矿物复合材料(bauxite-based mineral composites,BMC),并用于川宣地1井深部卤水中锂的分离和富集,并探讨了模拟溶液和真实卤水中BMC对Li^(+)的吸附和解吸性能。模拟Li^(+)溶液吸附结果表明,拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型能较好地描述吸附过程,且298 K时Li^(+)饱和容量为2.78 mg/g。川宣地1井深部卤水中Li^(+)分离和富集研究结果表明,BMC用量1.0 g/25 mL时,卤水中Li^(+)的吸附率达到86.38%,在Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)等竞争离子存在的情况下,对Li^(+)具有良好的选择性吸附,经过5次吸附和再生后,吸附容量下降了10.64%。洗脱液经过离子交换树脂除杂后,采用Na_(2)CO_(3)沉淀的方式对洗脱液中Li^(+)进行富集,Li_(2)CO_(3)产率最高可达80%以上,且制备的Li_(2)CO_(3)与商用分析纯Li_(2)CO_(3)具备相当的品质,表明铝土矿基矿物复合材料在卤水提取Li^(+)方面具备一定的应用潜力。

采用BSLB(Brine Shrimp Letality Bioassay)法对元宝枫 (Acer truncatum Bunge .)及同属植物活性部位的筛选(英文)

本文通过BSLB法对元宝枫及同属植物不同部位的水提物进行了活性试验 ,得知 :元宝枫的幼技、种皮的水提物具一定的生物致死活性 ;同属植物青榨槭叶和种子 ,秦岭槭、杈叶槭果翅的水提物也具一定的生物致死活性。

BrineShrimp致死率生物鉴定法对八种民间药活性成分的研究

采用ＴｈｅＢｒｉｎｅＳｈｒｉｍｐＬｃｔａｌｉｔｙＢｉｏａｓｓａｙ法对民间药翼蓼ＰｌｅｒｏｘｙｇｏｎｕｍｇｉｒａｌｄｉｉＤｕｍｍｅｒｅｔＤｉｅｌｓ），金荞麦（Ｆａｇｏｐｙｒｕｍｄｉｂｏｔｒｙｓ（Ｄ．Ｄｏｎ）Ｈａｒａ），齿果酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓＬ．）、巴天酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｐａｔｉｅｎｔｉａＬ．）、网果酸模（ＲｕｍｅｘｄｉｃｔｙｏｃａｒｐｕｓＢｏｉｓｓｅｔＢｕｈｓｅ）、掌叶大黄（ＲｈｅｕｍｐａｌｍａｔｕｍＬｉｎｎ）、异叶败酱（ＰａｔｒｉｎｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａＢｇｅ的甲醇提取物的石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等的萃取部分和水溶液部分及大自米（Ｎｏｔｈｏｌｉｒｉｏｎｈｙａｃｉｎｔｈｉｎｕｍ（Ｗｉｌｓ．）Ｓｉａｐｆ）生物碱总甙共３６种混合物进行了研究，测试出１４种活性成分，从而为抗癌药物的深入研究提供了科学依据。

CO_(2)-咸水-岩石相互作用对储层孔隙度的影响:以准噶尔盆地东沟组砂岩层为例

为探究实际工程情况下超临界CO_(2)注入咸水层地质封存过程中储层孔隙度的变化,考虑CO_(2)-咸水-岩石相互作用对储层孔隙度的影响。以准噶尔盆地东沟组砂岩储层为研究对象建立三维地质模型,采用全耦合方法进行多相多组分流动模拟超临界CO_(2)注入咸水层后的溶解与扩散过程。结果表明,模拟期间储层孔隙度随CO_(2)羽迁移呈现出4种不同变化趋势;温度和地层水盐度梯度变化均会改变孔隙度变化趋势。基于数据分析,发现CO_(2)-咸水-岩石相互作用抑制了CO_(2)的迁移速率,导致不同区域矿物溶解或沉淀状态不同,进而造成了对孔隙度影响的差异性;封存过程中CO_(2)的持续注入导致储层内pH降低,产生矿物溶解,进而增加了孔隙空间,其中钙长石的溶解作用最显著,后期方解石持续生成则导致孔隙度增速放缓或减小;温度升高可促进矿物反应,并导致矿物变化量的增加,进而影响储层孔隙度的变化量;高盐度地层条件下不利于地化反应发生,进而减少孔隙度的变化量。研究结果可为CO_(2)地质封存的储层多场耦合模拟、地球化学响应特征研究提供一定的技术支撑,也为CO_(2)地质封存的长期性和稳定性评价提供了理论依据。

Effects of Sea Brine on Growth of Fusarium graminearum

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effect of sea brine on the growth of Fusarium graminearum. [ Method] The inhibition rate of sea brine against F. gram/nearum was measured using mycelial growth rate method. The inhibition effect of sea brine against infection of F. gram/nearum on maize was measured through leaf culture method in vitro. [Result] With the decrease of sea brine concentration, its inhibition against F. gram/nearum had no remarkable regulation, which first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased. It had the best inhibition effect as the concentration was 0.005 0% with the inhibition rate of 31.2%. 0.050 0% sea brine had the best inhibition effect against the infection of F. graminearum with the inhibition rate of 44.3%. [ Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for the application of sea brine in the aspects of plant diseases and vests control

盐湖卤水锂提取技术研究进展

随着近年来新能源技术的蓬勃发展,全球对锂产品的需求急剧增加。鉴于中国锂资源的禀赋现状,盐湖卤水成为提锂的重要来源。综述盐湖卤水提锂技术研究进展对中国盐湖卤水锂资源开发具有重要意义。针对适用于高镁锂比盐湖卤水的膜分离法、吸附法、溶剂萃取法、电化学法等,以及适用于低镁锂比盐湖卤水的盐梯度太阳池法和沉淀法,从锂提取技术特点、性能、提取率等方面分析了各方法的优缺点。盐湖提锂技术性能各异,探讨了吸附耦合膜分离法等组合工艺在盐湖卤水产业化提锂方面的优势。针对现存提锂工艺,提出了中国盐湖卤水提锂开发的思路和方向。

浅析碳捕集二氧化碳于卤水净化的研究

采用变压吸附捕集燃煤锅炉烟道气中的二氧化碳,对硫酸钠含量不同的卤水进行净化实验,将清卤中钙离子去除,净化得到合格的精卤。本实验验证了硫酸钠含量和系统pH值对二氧化碳净化卤水效果的影响。

矿区采输卤远程智能监控系统开发

湘澧盐化矿区采输卤管线点多线长面广,生产设施分散,数据在线监测的缺乏一直是影响数据综合分析的难题。湘澧盐化利用先进信息技术,根据主要监测系统数据结构的特点和数据传输方式的特性,联合中融汇智科技公司,设计了GPRS DTU的数据传输方式,开发了物联网无线数据采集系统,实现对整个井组及设备运行状态的实时监控,并对数据进行综合分析和远程决策,缓解了人工巡视效率低的问题。

陶瓷膜过滤系统盐水流量异常分析及控制措施

分析了采卤装置陶瓷膜精制一次盐水系统中盐水流量异常波动的原因,并制定相应的控制措施,提高了陶瓷膜系统的运行稳定性。

膜法脱除盐水中硫酸根装置运行总结

介绍了离子膜制碱生产中盐水膜法脱除硫酸根装置的生产原理和生产工艺,以及装置在运行过程中所遇到的问题和解决方法。