Introduction to the Special Issue on Machine Learning-Guided Intelligent Modeling with Its Industrial Applications

With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technology,traditional industrial systems are undergoing an intelligent transformation,bringing together advanced computing,communication and control technologies,Machine Learning(ML)-based intelligentmodelling has become a newparadigm for solving problems in the industrial domain[1–3].With numerous applications and diverse data types in the industrial domain,algorithmic and data-driven ML techniques can intelligently learn potential correlations between complex data and make efficient decisions while reducing human intervention.However,in real-world application scenarios,existing algorithms may have a variety of limitations,such as small data volumes,small detection targets,low efficiency,and algorithmic gaps in specific application domains[4].Therefore,many new algorithms and strategies have been proposed to address the challenges in industrial applications[5–8].

The Contribution of United States Aircraft Reconnaissance Data to the China Meteorological Administration Tropical Cyclone Intensity Data:An Evaluation of Homogeneity

This paper investigates the homogeneity of United States aircraft reconnaissance data and the impact of these data on the homogeneity of the tropical cyclone(TC)best track data for the seasons 1949-1987 generated by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA).The evaluation of the reconnaissance data shows that the minimum central sea level pressure(MCP)data are relatively homogeneous,whereas the maximum sustained wind(MSW)data show both overestimations and spurious abrupt changes.Statistical comparisons suggest that both the reconnaissance MCP and MSW were well incorporated into the CMA TC best track dataset.Although no spurious abrupt changes were evident in the reconnaissance-related best track MCP data,two spurious changepoints were identified in the remainder of the best-track MCP data.Furthermore,the influence of the reconnaissance MSWs seems to extend to the best track MSWs unrelated to reconnaissance,which might reflect the optimistic confidence in making higher estimates due to the overestimated extreme wind“observations”.In addition,the overestimation of either the reconnaissance MSWs or the best track MSWs was greater during the early decades compared to later decades,which reflects the important influence of reconnaissance data on the CMA TC best track dataset.The wind-pressure relationship(WPR)used in the CMA TC best track dataset is also evaluated and is found to overestimate the MSW,which may lead to inhomogeneity within the dataset between the aircraft reconnaissance era and the satellite era.

Detection of Novel BEST1 Variations in Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy Using Third-generation Sequencing

Objective:Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy(ARB),a retinal degenerative disease,is characterized by central visual loss,yellowish multifocal diffuse subretinal deposits,and a dramatic decrease in the light peak on electrooculogram.The potential pathogenic mechanism involves mutations in the BEST1 gene,which encodes Ca2+-activated Cl−channels in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),resulting in degeneration of RPE and photoreceptor.In this study,the complete clinical characteristics of two Chinese ARB families were summarized.Methods:Pacific Biosciences(PacBio)single-molecule real-time(SMRT)sequencing was performed on the probands to screen for disease-causing gene mutations,and Sanger sequencing was applied to validate variants in the patients and their family members.Results:Two novel mutations,c.202T>C(chr11:61722628,p.Y68H)and c.867+97G>A,in the BEST1 gene were identified in the two Chinese ARB families.The novel missense mutation BEST1 c.202T>C(p.Y68H)resulted in the substitution of tyrosine with histidine in the N-terminal region of transmembrane domain 2 of bestrophin-1.Another novel variant,BEST1 c.867+97G>A(chr11:61725867),located in intron 7,might be considered a regulatory variant that changes allele-specific binding affinity based on motifs of important transcriptional regulators.Conclusion:Our findings represent the first use of third-generation sequencing(TGS)to identify novel BEST1 mutations in patients with ARB,indicating that TGS can be a more accurate and efficient tool for identifying mutations in specific genes.The novel variants identified further broaden the mutation spectrum of BEST1 in the Chinese population.

The 4th Congress of Chinese Archaeology:Displaying the Development and Latest Achievements of Chinese Archaeology

From October 23 to 25,2023,the 4th Congress of Chinese Archaeology was held in Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,bringing together more than 800 archaeologists from home and abroad.With the theme of“formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic state”,it fully displays the development and latest achievements of Chinese archaeology and promotes the opening up of Chinese archaeology to the outside world and international academic exchanges.It also helps improve the discipline system,academic system and discourse system of Chinese archaeology,promotes the comprehensive development of Chinese archaeology,enhances the comparative study of ancient civilizations in different parts of the world and strengthens the international influence of Chinese civilization.

Daqing Oilfield Sets Sail on a New Voyage under the Belt and Road Initiative

In"Lonely Planet",there is a saying that goes,"Often when people think of Africa,they are actually thinking of Tanzania".There are the African savannas,the great animal migrations,and Kilimanjaro,bringing together the most stunning landscapes of this mysterious African continent.When we had the opportunity to come to this beautiful country,although we didn’t see these magnificent landscapes,we met with azure coastlines,white beaches,red earth,and baobab trees.Furthermore,after 6 years of tracking,bidding,and negotiating,we won a project led by Western owners amidst competition with 11 global contractors.

The causes of adverse reactions in traditional Chinese medicine

With the increasingly widespread application of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice,the safety of traditional Chinese medicine has been given more attention.The occurrence of adverse drug reactions of traditional Chinese medicine will harm the health of patients,leading to a certain incidence rate and mortality rate,and serious adverse drug reactions of traditional Chinese medicine will lead to increased treatment costs of patients,bringing huge economic burden to patients and society[1-3].

A Clear Vision for Healthy Upbringing

China has made a remarkable progress in the overall improvement of children’s health.Infant mortality and under-five mortality rates in the country were down to 4.5 per 1,000 and 6.2 per 1,000 children,respectively,in 2023,a decrease of 16.7 percent and 17.3 percent from 2020,according to the 2024 Blue Book of Children,a report on the development of children in China recently published by the China National Children’s Centre.These figures are among the best in the middle-and higher-income countries.However,there is also a worrying trend related to the health of Chinese children and adolescents:an increase in myopia and obesity.More attention is now being paid to these issues,a task that requires solid cooperation between various stakeholders.

Boundless Potential China-Africa cooperation in the space sector exemplifies mutually beneficial partnerships

Exports of Chinese satellites,joint construction of space infrastructure,and joint research and development of satellites...The recent years have seen substantial growth in China-Africa cooperation in the space sector,which is bringing tangible benefits to both sides.

ALL EYES ON CIIE--CIIE promotes the construction of an open world economy,which is conducive to helping navigate trade protectionism and other challenges

The recent sixth edition of China International Import Expo(CIIE)in Shanghai welcomed greater participation from companies from American countries than ever before.For the first time,the United States sent official representatives in the“strongest-ever delegation”to the CIIE,headed by Jason Hafemeister,acting deputy under-secretary for trade and foreign agricultural affairs for the U.S.Department of Agriculture,making headlines in both Chinese and international media.Honduras,which just established diplomatic relations with China last March,participated in the expo as a guest country of honor.Brazil,Mexico,Chile,Argentina,and Cuba,regular participants of the CIIE,also had a stronger presence,bringing more exhibitors and a greater variety of goods than to previous editions.

Widespread Debate over the Nature of Language Development and Language Teaching(1)--Li Yongda with Noam Chomsky

Li Yongda(李永大,以下简称LI):Mr.Chomsky,we're getting a lot of inquiries about Hebrew the Eternal Language.I was full of admiration for Mr.William Chomsky when I read his book recently:Hebrew:The Eternal Language,published by Varda Books 2001,original copyright 1957 by The Jewish Publication Society of America.This book gives me the initial impression of the language.In addition,W.Chomsky's views on Hebrew inspire confidence today.For example,Hebrew is the nervecenter which unites and integrates the Jewish people in time and in space;Education is a slow process,lacking glamor and flourish,but it is the only effectiveemeans of bringing Zion's ideal to full fruition.

THE BEST SYSTEM FOR CHINA

It makes more sense to look at which is better for their own people.During a debate comparing Chinese and Western systems of governance,held in Cambridge,Massachusetts,by the American nonprofit educational organization Intercollegiate Studies Institute on April 5,French entrepreneur and Internet influencer Arnaud Bertrand made a case for the suitability of China’s system for promoting the flourishing of its people.Edited excerpts of his presentation follow.

Procedural Transition in the Principle of the Best Interests of the Child in the Eyes of the European Court of Human Rights

The principle of the best interests of the child,as a criterion for substantive review,is conceptually ambiguous and uncertain in its application.To mitigate this dilemma in the application of the principle of the best interests of the child,the European Court of Human Rights(ECHR)has made a procedural transition in the interpretation and application of this principle,shifting from conducting specific proportionality analysis or interests balancing in cases related to children to examining whether States Parties have applied the principle of the best interests of the child in their judicial procedures.Moreover,ECHR has developed three procedural review schemes:holistic reviews,key factors-based reviews and factor list-based reviews.Compared with substantive reviews,procedural reviews adhere to the ECHR doctrine of margin of appreciation,restrict the free discretion of the court,give play to the effect of procedural autonomy,and pursue the value of subjective procedural justice,which has its own unique theoretical value and practical significance,and provides a feasible reference for China to interpret and apply the principle of the best interests of the child.

BEST APPROXIMATION THEOREM FOR SET-VALUED MAPPINGSWITHOUT CONVEX VELUES AND CONTINUITY

In this paper, a new concept of weakly ,convex graph for set-valued mappings is introduced and studied. By using the concept , some new coincidence, the bestapproximation and fixed point-theorems are obtained.

Spectral Characteristics of the Best Affine Approach of Multi-Output m-Valued Logical Functions

This paper discusses the best affine approach （BAA） of multi-output m-valued logical functions. First, it gives the spectra of rate of accordance between multi-output m-valued logical functions and their affine functions, then analyzes the BAA of multi-output m-valued logical functions and finally gives the spectral characteristics of BAA of multi-output m-valued logical functions.

Research on the Best Routing Algorithm of Terminal Distribution Based on the Random Factor of Road Hustling Degree

Dijkstra algorithm is a basic algorithm to analyze the vehicle routing problem (VRP) in the terminal distribution of logistics center. According to the actual client demands of service speed and quality, the conceptions of economical distance of delivery and the best routing algorithm were given on the base of the Dijkstra algorithm with consideration of a coefficient of the road hustle degree. Economical distance of delivery is the shortest physical distance between two customers. It is the value of goods delivery in shortest distance when concerning factors such as the road length, the hustle degree, the driveway quantity, and the type of the road. The improved algorithm is being used in the development and application of a distribution path information system in the terminal distribution of logistics center. The simulation and practical case prove that the algorithm is effective and reasonable.

Surgical Operations Bring The Blind Out of Darkness

ＳｕｒｇｉｃａｌＯｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓＢｒｉｎｇＴｈｅＢｌｉｎｄＯｕｔｏｆＤａｒｋｎｅｓｓＥＣＯＮＯＭＹ＆ＳＯＣＩＥＴＹＤＯＪＥＩｎＭａｉｚｈｏｋｕｎｇｇａｒＣｏｕｎｔｙ，Ｌｈａｓａ，ＱｏｉｇｙｉＺｈｏｌｍａ，３５ｙｅａｒｓｏｌｄ，ｃｏｕｌｄｈｅａｒｈ...

How the “Best” Models Project the Future Precipitation Change in China

Projected changes in summer precipitation characteristics in China during the 21st century are assessed using the monthly precipitation outputs of the ensemble of three ＂best＂ models under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios （SRES） A1B, A2, and B1 scenarios. The excellent reproducibility of the models both in spatial and temporal patterns for the precipitation in China makes the projected summer precipitation change more believable for the future 100 years. All the three scenarios experiments indicate a consistent enhancement of summer precipitation in China in the 21st century. However, the projected summer precipitation in China demonstrates large variability between sub-regions. The projected increase in precipitation in South China is significant and persistent, as well as in North China. Meanwhile, in the early period of the 21st century, the region of Northeast China is projected to be much drier than the present. But, this situation changes and the precipitation intensifies later, with a precipitation anomaly increase of 12.4%0-20.4% at the end of the 21st century. The region of the Xinjiang Province probably undergoes a drying trend in the future 100 years, and is projected to decrease by 1.7%-3.6% at the end of the 21st century. There is no significant long-term change of the projected summer precipitation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley. A high level of agreement of the ensemble of the regional precipitation change in some parts of China is found across scenarios but smaller changes are projected for the B1 scenario and slightly larger changes for the A2 scenario.

Morphological and functional changes in the macular area in diabetic macular edema after a single intravitreal injection of aflibercept

AIM:To evaluate the changes in macular morphology and function after a single intravitreal injection of aflibercept in diabetic macular edema(DME)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and MP-3 microperimetry.METHODS:Twenty-eight patients(42 eyes)diagnosed with DME were treated with intravitreal injection of aflibercept.The changes in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness(CRT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area,vessel density of superficial retinal capillary plexus(SVD),vessel density of deep retinal capillary plexus(DVD),mean light sensitivity(MLS),2°fixation rate(P1),4°fixation rate(P2),and other indicators 1mo after treatment were compared;of these,BCVA was conver ted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR),and the correlation among the factors was analyzed.RESULTS:After treatment,logMAR BCVA was 0.47±0.24,which was significantly better than that before treatment(0.63±0.28,P<0.001).The CRT was 359.21±107.87μm after treatment,which was significantly lower than before treatment(474.10±138.20μm,P<0.001).The FAZ area,SVD,and DVD were not significantly changed after treatment compared with the baseline.MLS was 22.16±4.20 dB after treatment,which was significantly higher than before treatment(19.63±4.23 dB,P<0.001).P2 significantly increased after treatment than before treatment(P=0.007).P1 had no significant change after treatment than before treatment(P=0.086).CONCLUSION:A single intravitreal injection of aflibercept effectively reduces macular edema and improves retinal sensitivity,fixation stability,and visual acuity,possibly without causing significant changes in the retinal vascular condition in a short time.

The International Agricultural Market and Trade Environment Are Expected to Improve

In 2022,the global agricultural market and trade was hit by multiple adverse factors that have been rare in recent years.Global weather extremes were fre­quent and strong,bringing about serious damage to agricultural pro­duction in some major producing countries;the impact of geopolitical conflicts continued to spill over,lead­ing to a restricted flow of agricultural products and reduced accessibility to the international market;volatility in energy and financial markets increased production and trade costs;and restrictive trade measures on agricultural products repeatedly disrupted market expecta­tions,triggering violent fluctuations in the international market.