Brix weight per stool (BW) of sugarcane is a complex trait, which is the final product of a combination of many components. Diallel cross experiments were conducted during a period of two years for BW and its five com...Brix weight per stool (BW) of sugarcane is a complex trait, which is the final product of a combination of many components. Diallel cross experiments were conducted during a period of two years for BW and its five component traits, in- cluding stalk diameter (SD), stalk length (SL), stalk number (SN), stalk weight (SW), and brix scale (BS) of sugarcane. Phenotypic data of all the six traits were analyzed by mixed linear model and their phenotype variances were portioned into additive (A), dominance (D), additive×environment interaction (AE) and dominance×environment interaction (DE) effects, and the correlations of A, D, AE and DE effects between BW and its components were estimated. Conditional analysis was employed to investigate the contribution of the components traits to the variances of A, D, AE and DE effects of BW. It was observed that the heritabilities of BW were significantly attributed to A, D and DE by 23.9%, 30.9% and 28.5%, respectively. The variance of A effect for BW was significantly affected by SL, SN and BS by 25.3%, 93.7% and 17.4%, respectively. The variances of D and DE effects for BW were also significantly influenced by all the five components by 5.1%～85.5%. These determinants might be helpful in sugarcane breeding and provide valuable information for multiple-trait improvement of BW.展开更多
Plant tissue sap analysis is becoming an established tool for crop fertilization recommendation. Few research was conducted to use it as screening tools in crop breeding. With introduction of hhand-held sap analysis m...Plant tissue sap analysis is becoming an established tool for crop fertilization recommendation. Few research was conducted to use it as screening tools in crop breeding. With introduction of hhand-held sap analysis meters, sap analysis is becoming a promising tool for genotype screening. In this study, we measured Brix and pH of flag leaf juice of 10 winter wheat genotypes after heading stage. Brix value tended to increase during the measurement period. Brix value of flag leaf sap was negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight. The pH values of flag leaf sap were negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight.展开更多
From economic and nutritional points of view,tomato is,historically,considered one of the most important crops.Without significant yield reduction,most commercial cultivars of tomato crops are sensitive to moderate lev...From economic and nutritional points of view,tomato is,historically,considered one of the most important crops.Without significant yield reduction,most commercial cultivars of tomato crops are sensitive to moderate levels of salinity.However,high levels of salt stress can negatively affect the yield and quality of tomato fruits.Therefore,this study was conducted to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of three tomato cultivars(Forester,Ghandowra-F1,and Feisty-Red)cultivated hydroponically,under three different levels of nutrient solution salinity.Evaluation of tomato fruits was performed based on quantity(number and weight of fruits,and total fruit yield),physical quality(color andfirmness),and chemical quality(refractometric index“Brix”,pH,EC,K^(+),Na^(+),and NO_(3)-).Experiments were conducted using three salinity levels of the nutrient solution with electrical conductivity values(dSm^(-1))of 2.5(control),6.0,and 9.5.Results showed that the studied tomato cultivars were significantly influenced by high salinity(9.5 dSm^(-1))in comparison to the low(2.5 dSm^(-1))and medium(6.0 dSm^(-1))levels of salinity.On average,the highest fruit weight per plant of 1944.84 g and total fruit yield of 4.42 kgm^(-2) were observed at the low salinity level;however,no significant differences were obtained in the two yield factors(single fruit weight and total fruit yield)for the low and medium salinity levels.On the other hand,a significant reduction in tomato yield(31%)was associated with the high salinity level compared to the yield at low and medium salinity levels.Results of physical quality parameters showed highly significant differences among all salinity levels.On average,the maximum value of color change(1.72)was associated with the medium salinity level,and the maximum value offirmness(9.61 Ncm^(-1))was recorded at the high salinity level.Salinity levels and tomato cultivars introduced significant differences in chemical quality parameters;however,no significant differences in these parameters were attributed to the low and medium salinity levels.The maximum value of pH was recorded for the combination of medium salinity and Forester cultivar.Moreover,the maximum values of Brix,EC,K^(+),Na^(+),and NO_(3)^(-) were recorded for the Ghandowra-F1 cultivar at the high salinity level.Unlike the Feisty-Red,the performance of the Forester and Ghandowra-F1 cultivars was found to be acceptable at the tested medium salinity level(6.0 dSm^(-1)).展开更多
Yogurt is a traditional dairy product well known in all the regions of the world. In Cameroon, the most popularly known type is “kossam” also called curdled milk. Kossam is a set of milk based beverage from northern...Yogurt is a traditional dairy product well known in all the regions of the world. In Cameroon, the most popularly known type is “kossam” also called curdled milk. Kossam is a set of milk based beverage from northern Cameroon presenting great symbolic, economic and social values for local population [1]. 150 Kossam samples were collected from neighborhoods of PK8, Bonamoussadi, Nyalla, cite des palmier, Deido and Bedi community and later on reconstituted into 50 different samples of 350 mL, each containing 1/3 of 3 individual samples. They were analyzed for their physiochemical properties such as: PH, titratable acidity, density, brix and dry matter using most at times the standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods with slight modifications and results compared to a licensed brand sold in the Cameroonian market. The results of the study showed that, the physico-chemical properties of the locally made yogurts were different within the different samples. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the levels of the parameters analyzed in the different yogurt samples (p −1 Kg/L), Brix (8˚ - 24˚B), Dornic (23˚ - 160˚D). others contents per 100 g fresh matter are as follows: dry matter (average mean of 16.54%). Hence, the significant variations in the physico-chemical properties of kossam are a call for concern since as it impacts on the health of the population consuming this product.展开更多
IgG Check calf test has been used in this study to identify if a failure of passive transfer occurs in neonatal calves by measuring the level of IgG in blood. An adequate level of IgG measured in all calves at 48 hour...IgG Check calf test has been used in this study to identify if a failure of passive transfer occurs in neonatal calves by measuring the level of IgG in blood. An adequate level of IgG measured in all calves at 48 hours, 7 days and 14 days after birth showed level of IgG 1000 mg/dl. This level indicated that they have good passive transfer of immunity. Also, in this study colostrum quality fed to calves was detected using Brix Refractometer. The colostrum is of high quality as it contains 50 mg/ml of IgG. This Brix refractometer can be used on the farm level to estimate colostrum IgG content and monitoring colostrum feeding practices. Colostrum with high quality IgG could provide calves with enough IgG to attain successful passive transfer of immunity. Brix and Obione refractometers provide simple, rapid method for estimating IgG concentration on calf serum, thus considered to be the most common method for determining passive transfer failure.展开更多
基金Project supported partly by the National Science and TechnologySupport Program (No. 2006BAD10A09-08), Chinathe Great Science Research Program of Guangdong Province (No. A20602),China
文摘Brix weight per stool (BW) of sugarcane is a complex trait, which is the final product of a combination of many components. Diallel cross experiments were conducted during a period of two years for BW and its five component traits, in- cluding stalk diameter (SD), stalk length (SL), stalk number (SN), stalk weight (SW), and brix scale (BS) of sugarcane. Phenotypic data of all the six traits were analyzed by mixed linear model and their phenotype variances were portioned into additive (A), dominance (D), additive×environment interaction (AE) and dominance×environment interaction (DE) effects, and the correlations of A, D, AE and DE effects between BW and its components were estimated. Conditional analysis was employed to investigate the contribution of the components traits to the variances of A, D, AE and DE effects of BW. It was observed that the heritabilities of BW were significantly attributed to A, D and DE by 23.9%, 30.9% and 28.5%, respectively. The variance of A effect for BW was significantly affected by SL, SN and BS by 25.3%, 93.7% and 17.4%, respectively. The variances of D and DE effects for BW were also significantly influenced by all the five components by 5.1%～85.5%. These determinants might be helpful in sugarcane breeding and provide valuable information for multiple-trait improvement of BW.
基金Item supported by national natural sciencefoundation (No.20337010)
文摘Plant tissue sap analysis is becoming an established tool for crop fertilization recommendation. Few research was conducted to use it as screening tools in crop breeding. With introduction of hhand-held sap analysis meters, sap analysis is becoming a promising tool for genotype screening. In this study, we measured Brix and pH of flag leaf juice of 10 winter wheat genotypes after heading stage. Brix value tended to increase during the measurement period. Brix value of flag leaf sap was negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight. The pH values of flag leaf sap were negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight.
文摘From economic and nutritional points of view,tomato is,historically,considered one of the most important crops.Without significant yield reduction,most commercial cultivars of tomato crops are sensitive to moderate levels of salinity.However,high levels of salt stress can negatively affect the yield and quality of tomato fruits.Therefore,this study was conducted to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of three tomato cultivars(Forester,Ghandowra-F1,and Feisty-Red)cultivated hydroponically,under three different levels of nutrient solution salinity.Evaluation of tomato fruits was performed based on quantity(number and weight of fruits,and total fruit yield),physical quality(color andfirmness),and chemical quality(refractometric index“Brix”,pH,EC,K^(+),Na^(+),and NO_(3)-).Experiments were conducted using three salinity levels of the nutrient solution with electrical conductivity values(dSm^(-1))of 2.5(control),6.0,and 9.5.Results showed that the studied tomato cultivars were significantly influenced by high salinity(9.5 dSm^(-1))in comparison to the low(2.5 dSm^(-1))and medium(6.0 dSm^(-1))levels of salinity.On average,the highest fruit weight per plant of 1944.84 g and total fruit yield of 4.42 kgm^(-2) were observed at the low salinity level;however,no significant differences were obtained in the two yield factors(single fruit weight and total fruit yield)for the low and medium salinity levels.On the other hand,a significant reduction in tomato yield(31%)was associated with the high salinity level compared to the yield at low and medium salinity levels.Results of physical quality parameters showed highly significant differences among all salinity levels.On average,the maximum value of color change(1.72)was associated with the medium salinity level,and the maximum value offirmness(9.61 Ncm^(-1))was recorded at the high salinity level.Salinity levels and tomato cultivars introduced significant differences in chemical quality parameters;however,no significant differences in these parameters were attributed to the low and medium salinity levels.The maximum value of pH was recorded for the combination of medium salinity and Forester cultivar.Moreover,the maximum values of Brix,EC,K^(+),Na^(+),and NO_(3)^(-) were recorded for the Ghandowra-F1 cultivar at the high salinity level.Unlike the Feisty-Red,the performance of the Forester and Ghandowra-F1 cultivars was found to be acceptable at the tested medium salinity level(6.0 dSm^(-1)).
文摘Yogurt is a traditional dairy product well known in all the regions of the world. In Cameroon, the most popularly known type is “kossam” also called curdled milk. Kossam is a set of milk based beverage from northern Cameroon presenting great symbolic, economic and social values for local population [1]. 150 Kossam samples were collected from neighborhoods of PK8, Bonamoussadi, Nyalla, cite des palmier, Deido and Bedi community and later on reconstituted into 50 different samples of 350 mL, each containing 1/3 of 3 individual samples. They were analyzed for their physiochemical properties such as: PH, titratable acidity, density, brix and dry matter using most at times the standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods with slight modifications and results compared to a licensed brand sold in the Cameroonian market. The results of the study showed that, the physico-chemical properties of the locally made yogurts were different within the different samples. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the levels of the parameters analyzed in the different yogurt samples (p −1 Kg/L), Brix (8˚ - 24˚B), Dornic (23˚ - 160˚D). others contents per 100 g fresh matter are as follows: dry matter (average mean of 16.54%). Hence, the significant variations in the physico-chemical properties of kossam are a call for concern since as it impacts on the health of the population consuming this product.
文摘IgG Check calf test has been used in this study to identify if a failure of passive transfer occurs in neonatal calves by measuring the level of IgG in blood. An adequate level of IgG measured in all calves at 48 hours, 7 days and 14 days after birth showed level of IgG 1000 mg/dl. This level indicated that they have good passive transfer of immunity. Also, in this study colostrum quality fed to calves was detected using Brix Refractometer. The colostrum is of high quality as it contains 50 mg/ml of IgG. This Brix refractometer can be used on the farm level to estimate colostrum IgG content and monitoring colostrum feeding practices. Colostrum with high quality IgG could provide calves with enough IgG to attain successful passive transfer of immunity. Brix and Obione refractometers provide simple, rapid method for estimating IgG concentration on calf serum, thus considered to be the most common method for determining passive transfer failure.
