High efficient broad-spectrum Bradyrhizobium elkanii Y63-1

Soybean(Glycine max),the primary source of high-quality plant protein,plays a crucial role as a grain and oil crop in China.Harnessing the full potential of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean production holds immense significance for agriculture and ecology alike.Zhongdou 63,a newly developed early-maturing summer soybean cultivar in 2021,exhibits remarkable traits such as high yield,superior quality,multi-resistance,and wide adaptability.In this study,eight distinct rhizobia strains from diverse regions were meticulously screened to identify highly effective strains specifically suited for Zhongdou 63.The aboveground biomass,plant height,chlorophyll content,root length,nodule number,and nodule dry weight of Zhongdou 63 were measured and the data were subjected to statistical analysis.The results demonstrated that Y63-1 is a predominant strain of Zhongdou 63.Subsequently,we conducted further investigations on the broad-spectrum nodulation characteristics of Y63-1.Ten representative soybean cultivars were individually inoculated with Y63-1 and subsequently analyzed for nodule numbers and nodule dry weight in their symbiotic systems with rhizobia.The findings revealed that Y63-1 effectively formed nodules with all ten soybean varieties tested.In summary,our current study identified highly efficient broad-spectrum Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain Y63-1 as the predominant strain in Zhongdou 63 and provided a theoretical foundation for enhancing yield potential not only in Zhongdou 63 but also in other varieties through inoculation with highly efficient rhizobia in production.

Photoluminescence and Ce^(3+)→Tb^(3+)→Eu^(3+) Energy Transfer Processes of the Ce^(3+)/Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+)-doped β-NaYF_(4) Phosphors with Broadened Excitation Spectrum

Ce^(3+)/Tb^(3+) co-doped and Ce^(3+)/Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+) tri-doped β-NaYF_(4) photoluminescent microcrystals using oleic acid as surfactant were synthesized using the solvothermal method.Their microstructural characteristics and photoluminescence properties were investigated in detail.They have the shape of hexagonal prism bipyramids with uniform particle size,which decreases with the concentrations of Tb^(3+) and Eu^(3+).The energy transfer processes of both the Ce^(3+)→Tb^(3+) and the Ce^(3+)→Tb^(3+)→Eu^(3+) were systematically studied.Compared with Eu^(3+) or Tb^(3+) single-doped β-NaYF_(4) microcrystals,the sensitization by Ce^(3+) for the photoluminescence of Tb^(3+) and Eu^(3+) leads to a broad excitation spectral bandwidth in the ultraviolet (UV) range.Meanwhile,the corresponding optical absorption efficiency is greatly enhanced.High energy transfer efficiencies have been observed from Ce^(3+) to Tb^(3+) and from Tb^(3+) to Eu^(3+).

Screening of Broad-spectrum Resistance Resources against Rice Bacterial Leaf Streak

[ Objectives] Rice materials with broad-spectrum resistance against several pathogenic strains of Xanthomans oryzae pv. Oryzicola （Xooc） at multiple growth stages were screened, in order to provide reliable resistance sources for variety breeding against rice bacterial leaf streak. [ Methods] A total of 1 100 rice lines with rich genetic background were offered as selective objects, and highly susceptible cultivar Jingang 30 was used as the control. Inoculation was carried out with five strong pathogenic strains of Xooc through acupuncture method at various growth stages for resistance identification. [ Results] Fourteen disease-resistant materials were obtained through preliminary screening, accounting for 1.27% of the total materials. Nine materials moderately resistant to bacterial leaf streak were obtained via secondary screening, accounting for 0.82% of the total materials. Besides, three of them （ RL6, RL9 and RLL4） were resistant to a number of pathogenic strains of Xooc at three growth stages. In particular, RL16 presented broad-spectrum resistance to multi-strains with high resistance levels. Six of them （ RI2, RIA, RIS, RL8, RL11 and RL12） were resistant to single strain at single growth stage. [ Conclusions] The obtained three materials have broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial leaf streak at multiple growth stages, which can be served as an important source to cultivate disease-resistant rice varieties. RL6 maintains high broad-spectrum resistance at all growth stages, which can be used as a prior resistance source for rice variety breeding. Six materials obtained with resistance against bacterial leaf streak at particular growth stages can be used as candidate resistance sources.

Forming of Space Charge Wave with Broad Frequency Spectrum in Helical Relativistic Two-Stream Electron Beams

We elaborate a quadratic nonlinear theory of plural interactions of growing space charge wave （SCW） harmonics during the development of the two-stream instability in helical relativistic electron beams. It is found that in helical two-stream electron beams the growth rate of the two-stream instability increases with the beam entrance angle. An SCW with the broad frequency spectrum, in which higher harmonics have higher amplitudes, forms when the frequency of the first SCW harmonic is much less than the critical frequency of the two-stream instability. For helical electron beams the spectrum expands with the increase of the beam entrance angle. Moreover, we obtain that utilizing helical electron beams in multiharmonic two-stream superheterodyne free-electron lasers leads to the improvement of their amplification characteristics, the frequency spectrum broadening in multiharmonic signal generation mode, and the reduction of the overall system dimensions.

Co-production of Multiple Antimicrobial Compounds by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WY047,a Strain with Broad-Spectrum Activity

A bacterial strain WY047 was isolated from fermented grains and the bacterium was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological tests, and analysis of 16S rRNA and gyr A sequences. The culture supernatant of WY047 demonstrated inhibition ofa wide spectrum ofbacteria(Gram positive and Gram negative) and fungi. Nine pairs ofprimers were designed and six genes( bmyD, fenA, hag, ituA, mrsA, and tasA) ofantimicrobial substances were detected by PCR, one ofwhich was isolated by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, D201 resin anion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 filtration column. The purified peptide was estimated to be 35,207 Da and identified as flagellin by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Another four antimicrobial substances were extracted with methanol and identified as iturin A, fengycin, bacillomycin D, and mersacidin through the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC–MS) method. The sixth possible peptide encoded by tas A could not be isolated in this study; however, the broader spectrum suggested huge application prospects.

基于改进T-B法的宽带高斯过程疲劳损伤分析

针对宽带高斯随机应力过程造成的疲劳损伤问题,本文提出一种基于改进Tovo-Benasciutti(T-B)法的疲劳损伤频域分析方法。通过不同参数形式的功率谱进行时域的疲劳损伤分析,针对T-B法中的关键参数bTB提出一个新的非线性函数模型。与原T-B法相比,新提出的函数模型bMTB可以考虑S-N曲线斜率参数m的影响,并以此为基础提出基于改进T-B法的疲劳损伤分析方法。以时域的雨流计数法结果作为基准,分别采用参数化功率谱和真实响应谱进行数值试验,并与现有的多种宽带高斯疲劳损伤分析方法进行对比,验证本文所提出的改进T-B法的准确性和适用性。

Increasing Incidence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) and the Relation to Consumption of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents 2003-2011 in a Large Area of Copenhagen, Denmark

Purpose: To investigate 1) the development in the incidence of ESBL-producing bacteria in hospitals and primary health care, 2) the contribution of primary health care to the incidence of ESBL-producing bacteria, and 3) the development in resistance patterns for all Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in relation to antimicrobial consumption in hospitals and primary health care. Methods: ESBL-data were retrospectively collected from bacterial isolates from all specimens received at the Department of Clinical Microbiology from 2003 to 2011 together with the corresponding patient data. ESBL-production was detected in isolates from 1067 of 59,373 patients (1.8%) with an E. coli infection and in 263 of 8660 patients (3.0%) with a K. pneumoniae infection. Results: From 2003 to 2009, an increase in patients with an ESBL-producing isolate occurred in both hospitals and primary health care at the same time as an increased consumption of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents was seen. Interventions to reduce prescription of cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin at the hospitals from 2010 resulted in a remarkable decrease in patients with ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae whereas a continuing increase was seen in patients with ESBL-producing E. coli both at hospitals and in primary health care. The proportion of patients with community-acquired ESBL-producing E. coli was stable with an increase of only 1.4% from 2007 to 2011. Conclusions: Reduction in prescription of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents at the hospital level had an important impact on the incidence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, but not on ESBL-producing E. coli.

Effectiveness of a Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen in the Prevention of Melasma in Asian Pregnant Women

Chloasma, or melasma, is a commonly acquired pigmentary disorder among Asian women. It may be considered as a physiological change during pregnancy. The incidence in Asian women is higher than that in other ethnic groups but further epidemiologic data are needed. There are very few studies related to the benefits of sunscreens to prevent this dermatosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in the prevention of melasma in Korean pregnant women. We tested the effectiveness and tolerance of a sunscreen product (SPF 50+, UVA-PF 30) during a 12-month clinical trial including 220 Korean parturients with skin type III and IV. 217 women completed the study. Only 3 (1%) of the study population developed melasma, which was mild (MASI grade between 1.2 and 2.7). In addition, the clinical effectiveness of the evaluated sunscreen was judged “good to excellent” by the majority of study participants and by the research dermatologists. The “excellent” tolerance of the sunscreen under evaluation was confirmed “good” to “excellent” in 95% and 97% of cases. This study clearly demonstrates that this broad-spectrum sunscreen is well tolerated and effective in the prevention of melasma in Korean pregnant women. Although treatment remains elusive, prevention is possible.

对比黏液型肺克超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)表达和毒力基因分布的相关性并对其耐药性进行分析

目的分析黏液型肺克(MT-KPN)的超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)表达、耐药性、毒力基因分布情况。方法收集郑州市第一人民医院2021年3月至2022年3月非重复性KPN 725株,黏液丝试验分离出123株MT-KPN,对其ESBLs表达、耐药性使用CITEK 2 Compact系统分析,毒力基因分布情况使用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)实验分析。结果肺炎克雷伯菌(KPN)检出率最高的科室是重症医学科;同一科室检出KPN类型差异较大的是重症医学科、全科医学科、神经外科,肾内科只检出cKPN;123株MT-KPN包括ESBLs阳性菌34株、ESBLs阴性菌89株。ESBLs阳性菌耐药性高达100.00%的7种药物(头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、头孢西丁、氨曲南、阿莫西林/克拉维酸),ESBLs阴性菌对上述药物耐药性显著低于ESBLs阳性菌(P<0.05);妥布霉素、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦耐药性ESBLs阳性菌>ESBLs阴性菌(P<0.05);庆大霉素、美罗培南、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星耐药性ESBLs阳性菌>ESBLs阴性菌(P>0.05);MT-KPN的荚膜血清型基因检出率wzyK2最高;荚膜血清型基因检出率ESBLs阳性菌、ESBLs阴性菌相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MT-KPN毒力基因检出率最高的是mrkD;aerobactin、iroN、wcaG检出率相比ESBLs阳性菌<ESBLs阴性菌(P<0.05);其他毒力基因检出率ESBLs阳性菌、ESBLs阴性菌相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MT-KPN携带毒力基因检出率较高,临床需结合其耐药性和毒力基因分布情况合理用药。

Extracellular Disintegration of Viral Proteins as an Innovative Strategy for Developing Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Against Coronavirus

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has claimedmillions of lives and caused innumerable economic losses worldwide.Unfortunately,state-of-the-art treatments still lag behind the continual emergence of new variants.Key to resolving this issue is developing antivirals to deactivate coronaviruses regardless of their structural evolution.Here,we report an innovative antiviral strategy involving extracellular disintegration of viral proteins with hyperanion-grafted enediyne(EDY)molecules.The core EDY generates reactive radical species and causes significant damage to the spike protein of coronavirus,while the hyperanion groups ensure negligible cytotoxicity of the molecules.The EDYs exhibit antiviral activity down to nanomolar concentrations,and the selectivity index of up to 20,000 against four kinds of human coronavirus,including the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant,suggesting the high potential of this new strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and a future“disease X.”

宽光谱可见-短波红外成像光学系统设计

针对目前的红外成像光学系统在机器视觉工业检测领域难以同时实现成像质量好和结构紧凑设计的问题,提出了一种宽光谱可见-短波红外成像光学系统的设计方法。运用光学设计软件ZEMAX设计了一种适用于可见光和短波红外的红外成像光学系统。该系统由7组10片透镜组成,利用多组双胶合透镜来消色差,在第15个面使用非球面提高成像质量,最后对系统的成像质量进行研究。设计结果表明:该系统的的工作波长为0.4~1.7μm,全长为79.6 mm,F数为2.8,焦距为25.7 mm,畸变小于1.4%,调制传递函数值在奈奎斯特频率100 lp/mm处均大于0.4,接近衍射极限,成像质量良好。该系统可以对光滑表面的装配件进行缺陷检测,具有结构简单、易于加工装调的优点,有助于高效地完成机器视觉检测。

Study of characteristics of long-period ground motion response spectra by using broad-band records of the Chinese Digital Seismograph Network

Broad band and very broad band (BB and VBB) records of Chinese Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN) from 65 earthquakes are used to calculate the horizontal relative displacement, relative velocity and absolute acceleration response spectra with critical damping ratio ζ =0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. The results show that it is insufficient to obtain the credible characteristics of long-period ground motion response spectra only with the common ground acceleration records in engineering, while the broad band records of CDSN, as an important supplementary to ground acceleration records, can be used to study the characteristics of long-period ground motion response spectra.

Electronic structure and infrared spectrum of a W_n C^(0,±) (n = 1-6) cluster

WnC0＇± （n= 1-6） clusters are investigated by using the density functional theory （DFT） at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level. We find that the neutral, anionic and cationic ground state structures are similar within the same size, and constituted by substituting a C atom for one W atom in the structures of Wn＋1 clusters. The natural bond orbital （NBO） charge analyses indicate that the direction of electron transfer is from the W atom to the 2p orbital of the C atom. In addition, the calculated infrared spectra of the WnC0＇± （n= 2-6） clusters manifest that the vibrational frequencies of neutral, anionic and cationic clusters are similar in a range of 80 cm-1-864 cm-1. The high frequency, strong peak modes are found to be an almost stretched deformation of the carbide atom. Finally, the polarizabilities of WnC0＇± （n= 1-6） clusters are also discussed.

解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株P-r21抑菌广谱性及对番茄灰霉病的防治

为明确内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)菌株P-r21的抑菌广谱性及对番茄灰霉病的防治效果,本研究优化了菌株P-r21发酵条件,利用平板对峙法测定了该菌株对6种病原菌的抑菌活性及对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)孢子萌发的抑制作用,并通过离体接种试验研究了对番茄灰霉病的防效。结果表明:菌株P-r21最佳发酵条件为在PYJ中培养初始pH 6.0,培养时间为12 h。菌株P-r21对供试的6种植物病原菌(Botrytis cinerea、Fusarium proliferatum、Rhizoctonia cerealis、Gaeumannomyces graminis、Fusarium graminearum、Colletotrichum karstii)的生长均表现出抑制作用;对C.karstii和B.cinerea抑制作用最强,抑菌率达到88.0%和84.5%。发酵滤液对B.cinerea孢子萌发抑制率达80.6%,对叶片和果实灰霉病的防效达到100%和80.0%;发酵液10倍稀释后防效也可达到67.1%和60.7%。本研究明确了菌株P-r21具有抑菌广谱性,并可用于番茄灰霉病的防治,为该菌株在植物病害生物防治方面的应用奠定了基础。

A Broad Spectrum Identification Approach for Two Generations of epsps GM Soybeans

In order to accurately identify the first and second generations of epsps genetically modified(GM) soybeans and related products,a broad spectrum identification approach was established using the real time Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) principle according to the homology of epsps genes of the first and second generations of GM soybeans.A pair of primer and probe was designed to simultaneously identify exogenous gene epsps of two generations of GM soybeans.Besides,evaluation was carried out on this approach from the accuracy,specificity,sensitivity and reproducibility.The experimental results indicated that(ⅰ) although there is certain difference in epsps gene sequence between the first and second generations of epsps genetically modified(GM) soybeans,the established approach can simultaneously detect the epsps genes of the bean curd using two generations of soybean as raw materials;(ⅱ) in the accuracy and specificity experiment,only cp4-epsps genes of two generations of GM soybeans were detected,so this approach has high specificity and accuracy;(ⅲ) in the experiment of 5 copies of epsps genes of 40 repeated identification reaction systems,5 copies of epsps genes can be detected each time,therefore at 100% confidence level,this approach can identify 5 copies of epsps genes,showing that this approach has high sensitivity and reproducibility.

Spectrum and Electrochemical Properties of Nanosized Ce_(1-x)Bi_xO_(2-δ) Solid Solutions

Ce1-xBixO2-δ （x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.30） solid solutions were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The structure, spectra and electrochemical transport properties of the samples were characterized systematically. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all of the doped samples exhibited single phase fluorite structure. The particle sizes decreased from 18 to 9 nm and the lattice parameters increased gradually with the dopant content increasing from x = 0.03 to x = 0.30. The Bi^3＋ doping also induced the F2g Raman peak to shift from 463 to 455 cm^-1, and caused a red shift of the band gap energies calculated from UV-Vis spectra. The impedance plots at different temperature demonstrated that the boundary resistance was much larger than the grain resistance, and two activation energy values were obtained in different temperature range.

联苯四氮唑沙坦类药物广谱性抗体的制备及其在降压类保健食品中多残留检测ic-ELISA法的应用

建立联苯四氮唑沙坦类药物的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附检测(indirectcompetitive-enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,ic-ELISA)法,并用于其在降压类保健食品中的多残留检测。将坎地沙坦与牛血清白蛋白偶联制备免疫原;免疫动物获得广谱性抗体;对坎地沙坦、氯沙坦羧酸、洛沙坦钾、奥美沙坦、奥美沙坦酯、厄贝沙坦、缬沙坦和缬沙坦甲酯的半抑制浓度分别为0.2、0.2、0.7、0.04、0.6、0.3、0.9、2.4 ng/mL。降压类保健食品经甲醇超声提取、标准稀释液稀释法消除基质效应,8?种待测物的添加回收率为80.6%~120.0%,变异系数不高于14.0%,与液相色谱-串联质谱法的测定结果一致性良好(r>0.97),表明建立的ic-ELISA法具有良好的准确度和可靠性。

鲍曼不动杆菌DP-2降解邻苯二甲酸酯的广谱性及降解途径的初步研究

微生物降解是修复邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染土壤的有效途径,本研究以15种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)为目标污染物,研究鲍曼不动杆菌DP-2对直链、侧链及环状取代PAEs的生物降解特性和降解途径。研究结果表明,直链取代PAEs中,随着烷基碳原子数增加,DP-2对PAEs的降解率逐渐升高,其对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)降解率最高,为94.52%;对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的降解率最低,为42.30%;侧链取代PAEs中,DP-2对邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丙烯酯(DAP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-甲氧基)乙酯(DMEP)的降解率分别为92.33%、52.22%、77.31%和27.75%;环状取代PAEs中,DP-2对邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二苯酯(DPHP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)的降解率分别为89.87%、80.56%和62.91%。在此基础上,以DBP为代表性PAEs,采用GC-MS对DP-2的主要降解产物进行了鉴定,主要由DMP、MBP、PA和苯甲酸衍生物组成,DBP主要通过转酯化和水解2个途径转化为DMP和MBP,进一步转化为PA,继续被降解为BA。通过对不同取代PAEs降解途径分析,进一步证实了菌株DP-2对PAEs的降解途径。本研究结果表明DP-2降解PAEs具有较好的广谱性,在土壤PAEs污染修复领域具有较好的应用前景。

High harmonic generation in crystal SiO_(2) by sub-10-fs laser pulses

The high harmonic generation(HHG)by few-cycle laser pulses is essential for research in strong-field solid-state physics.Through comparison of high harmonic spectra of solids generated by laser pulses with varying durations,we discovered that lasers with good dispersion compensation are capable of producing a broad spectrum of high harmonics.As the pulse duration is further compressed,several interference peaks appear in the broad spectrum.Moreover,we conducted simulations using the semiconductor Bloch equation,considering the effect of Berry curvature,to better understand this process.Our work provides a valuable approach for studying HHG by few-cycle laser pulses in solid materials,expanding the application of HHG in attosecond physics.

传统发酵乳品中产广谱细菌素乳酸菌选育

为选育产广谱细菌素乳酸菌,采用琼脂扩散法对甘肃牧区传统发酵乳品中分离纯化的96株乳酸菌进行了筛选,并确定产细菌素菌株,具有最佳抑菌效果的菌株经重离子束12C6+辐照诱变,再采用培养皿分区法进行6种指示菌广谱抑菌性能比较。结果表明,琼脂扩散法筛选出抑菌效果最佳的产细菌素菌株Lp1,经辐照诱变得到98株突变菌,选育出对大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、志贺氏菌(Shigella)和克罗诺杆菌(Cronobacter)抑菌性能均明显优于出发菌株Lp1的5株突变株L088、L087、L063、L049、L010进行广谱抑菌试验,其中菌株L088和L063为广谱抑菌性能较好菌株,突变株L088对上述6种指示菌的抑菌扇环半径比出发菌株Lp1抑菌扇环半径分别提高47.81%、33.28%、22.97%、45.25%、21.39%、40.21%,突变株L063对上述6种指示菌的抑菌扇环半径比出发菌株Lp1抑菌扇环半径分别提高54.27%、29.18%、25.37%、58.03%、17.85%、42.13%。采用培养皿分区法可同时在1个培养皿中完成检测6种指示菌的抑菌试验,可高效筛选产广谱细菌素乳酸菌。