Water content (WC) and sap flow from leaf sheath of rice plants with varying nitrogen levels at different growth stages, and fluctuations in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants being damaged by brown planthopp...Water content (WC) and sap flow from leaf sheath of rice plants with varying nitrogen levels at different growth stages, and fluctuations in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants being damaged by brown planthoppcr (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were determined in the laboratory, and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH at different nitrogen regimes was evaluated in the greenhouse at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Philippines. The results indicated that both WC and RWC were increased significantly, as the amount of sap flow from rice plants was reduced statistically, with the increase of nitrogen content in rice plants. RWC in rice plants applied with high nitrogen fertilizer decreased drastically by the injury of BPH nymphs, while the reduced survival duration of rice plants with the increase of nitrogen content was recorded. These may be considered to be one of the important factors in increasing the susceptibility to BPH damage on rice plants applied with nitrogen fertilizer.展开更多
To investigate the effective shape of collapsing block in square tunnel subjected to pore water pressure,the analytical solution of detaching curve was derived using upper bound theorem of limit analysis with Hoek-Bro...To investigate the effective shape of collapsing block in square tunnel subjected to pore water pressure,the analytical solution of detaching curve was derived using upper bound theorem of limit analysis with Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The work rate of pore water pressure,which was regarded as an external rate of work,was taken into account in the framework of limit analysis. Taking advantages of variational calculation,the objective function with respect to detaching curve was optimized to obtain the effective shape of collapsing block for square tunnel. According to the numerical results,it is found that the varying pore water pressure coefficient only affects the height and width of the collapsing block,whereas the shape of collapsing block remains unchanged.展开更多
After water is impounded in a reservoir,rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir bank slope is subject to water saturationdehydration circulation(WSDC). To quantify the rate of change of rock mechanica...After water is impounded in a reservoir,rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir bank slope is subject to water saturationdehydration circulation(WSDC). To quantify the rate of change of rock mechanical properties, samples from the Longtan dam area were measured with uniaxial compression tests after different numbers(1,5, 10, 15, and 20) of simulated WSDC cycles. Based on the curves derived from these tests, a modified HoekBrown failure criterion was proposed, in which a new parameter was introduced to model the cumulative damage to rocks after WSDC. A case of an engineering application was analyzed, and the results showed that the modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion is useful.Under similar WSDC-influenced engineering and geological conditions, rock mass strength parameters required for analysis and evaluation of rock slope stability can be estimated according to this modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion.展开更多
Corrosion scales play an important role in modifying water quality in drinking water distribution systems. The corrosion scales from old water pipe lines were analyzed for their structure and composition. This paper p...Corrosion scales play an important role in modifying water quality in drinking water distribution systems. The corrosion scales from old water pipe lines were analyzed for their structure and composition. This paper presents the results of comprehensive study of deposits found in water distribution system of Ulhasnagar city of Maharashtra, India. Scales were investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM and ED’s analytical techniques. It was found that goethite, magnetite, lepidocrocite, hematite and Akaganite were identified as the primary constituents of brown deposits. The corrosion scales had a shell-like, enveloping layer, covering porous deposits of iron oxide phases. Our studies were able to identify important constituents of three different pipes of water distribution systems. Akaganite was found to be present in chloride environment. Along with iron hydroxide phases it was found that corrosion product also contain some organic matter which may be due to adsorption of biofilm on the surface of pipe. Further studies are needed to establish the role of corrosion scales in the mechanism of iron release from corroded pipes.展开更多
In order to do a best stipulation on her consumption, it is necessary to know if a food provoke faintly, fairly or highly the glyceamia. The aim of this work was to evaluate the glycemic index of coconut water sugar f...In order to do a best stipulation on her consumption, it is necessary to know if a food provoke faintly, fairly or highly the glyceamia. The aim of this work was to evaluate the glycemic index of coconut water sugar from three coconuts varieties. So, with a cohort of 15 people, a capillary blood was collect after sugar ingestion and the glycaemia read directly on a glucometer. The result showed that the brown and white sugar from coconut sugar can be classified as low glycemic index food. Also, the glycemic indexes of white coconut water sugar are 2 to 3 more lower than that the brown sugar. The glycemic indexes of sugars vary according to the variety of coconut used. The sugars of the coconut palm (MYD) are more hyper-glycemic than those of the hybrid (PB121+) which is more hyperglycemic than the sugars of the coconut palm (WAT). Thus, with a controlled consumption, the coconut water sugars could be the sugars that are best for the health of the healthy and diabetic populations because it raises slightly the postprandial glucose.展开更多
【目的】研究秸秆配施化肥对暗棕壤团聚体组成、团聚体碳氮含量、土壤微生物量特征及小麦产量的影响,揭示长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤肥力和生产力的协同提升机制。【方法】依托长期定位40年施肥试验,选取4个处理:单施化肥(NP)、秸秆配施化...【目的】研究秸秆配施化肥对暗棕壤团聚体组成、团聚体碳氮含量、土壤微生物量特征及小麦产量的影响,揭示长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤肥力和生产力的协同提升机制。【方法】依托长期定位40年施肥试验,选取4个处理:单施化肥(NP)、秸秆配施化肥(S+NP)、秸秆配施1/2化肥(S+1/2NP)、秸秆配施1/4化肥(S+1/4NP),其中秸秆为麦秸隔年还田,用量为3000 kg·hm^(-2),氮磷化肥用量为150 kg N·hm^(-2)、150 kg P2O5·hm^(-2)。采集0—20 cm土层土样,利用湿筛法得到不同粒级的水稳性团聚体,测定团聚体中有机碳(SOC)、氮含量及土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)含量。【结果】(1)长期秸秆配施化肥显著降低土壤容重并提高了团聚体稳定性,和NP相比,S+NP处理土壤容重降低4.7%,>2 mm团聚体含量、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何重量直径(GWD)分别提升254.4%、76.5%和91.3%。(2)S+NP、S+1/2NP处理>2 mm团聚体百分含量、MWD和GWD显著高于S+1/4NP,分别增加了49.1%—52.4%,19.43%—22.4%和24.2%—33.3%。(3)S+NP、S+1/2NP、S+1/4NP和NP相比增加了>2 mm和>0.25 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳、全氮贡献率,并显著提高全土SOC、SMBC和SMBN含量;其中,SOC含量在S+NP中最高,比S+1/2NP、S+1/4NP高6.3%和12.6%。(4)产量表现为S+NP>NP>S+1/2NP>S+1/4NP处理,S+NP比减施化肥处理提高小麦产量28.6%—47.5%。(5)土壤团聚体稳定性、SOC含量及小麦产量之间有较好的相关性,>2 mm和>0.25 mm团聚体含量、MWD和GWD分别与全土SOC含量及小麦产量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】暗棕壤地区在长期秸秆还田条件下,配施化肥量150 kg N·hm^(-2)、150 kg P2O5·hm^(-2)时能提高土壤团聚体稳定性、有机碳含量、微生物生物量和小麦产量,最大化实现土壤结构改良、肥力提升和作物增产的协同效应。展开更多
以沈阳地区5~7 cm和25~27 cm 2个深度原状棕壤为研究对象,分析冻融循环次数和土壤含水率对棕壤崩解特性的影响。根据气象数据结合野外观测结果,共设计了5个冻融循环次数。控制土样质量含水率分别为10%、15%、20%、25%和35%。采用静水崩...以沈阳地区5~7 cm和25~27 cm 2个深度原状棕壤为研究对象,分析冻融循环次数和土壤含水率对棕壤崩解特性的影响。根据气象数据结合野外观测结果,共设计了5个冻融循环次数。控制土样质量含水率分别为10%、15%、20%、25%和35%。采用静水崩解,通过数显拉力计及测量软件测定崩解过程。结果表明:(1)棕壤崩解具有阶段性,包括快速吸水阶段、指数崩解阶段、阶跃崩解阶段和崩解完成阶段。其中指数崩解阶段是崩解过程的主要发生阶段,土样因拉扯或失去支撑接连崩落。该阶段的崩解速率和非毛管含水率对冻融循环次数的响应规律一致。根据拟合曲面,10%~15%的含水率区间存在最易崩解含水率,其最终崩解率最大。当土样含水率为25%和35%时,土样会跳过指数崩解过程直接进入阶跃崩解阶段。含水率35%条件下,5~7 cm和25~27 cm土样的最终崩解率很小,不超过6.93%和11.14%。(2)冻融作用会对含水率为10%和15%土样产生超固结效应,加速土壤孔隙的两极化分布,土样指数崩解阶段的崩解速率和非毛管含水率,最终在多次冻融后增加。冻融作用也会对含水率为25%和35%土样结构产生影响,扩张土壤孔隙造成内部沉降,以及降低吸水能力。土样指数崩解阶段的崩解速率和非毛管含水率,最终在多次冻融后减小。(3)25~27 cm土样孔隙差异性略大,较高的黏粒含量抑制了双电层对自由水的控制能力,最终崩解率偏高。冻融作用可将土壤抵抗由内到外发生侵蚀的能力,转化为抵抗由外到内发生侵蚀的能力。研究结果可为棕壤侵蚀研究提供数据支撑。展开更多
文摘Water content (WC) and sap flow from leaf sheath of rice plants with varying nitrogen levels at different growth stages, and fluctuations in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants being damaged by brown planthoppcr (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were determined in the laboratory, and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH at different nitrogen regimes was evaluated in the greenhouse at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Philippines. The results indicated that both WC and RWC were increased significantly, as the amount of sap flow from rice plants was reduced statistically, with the increase of nitrogen content in rice plants. RWC in rice plants applied with high nitrogen fertilizer decreased drastically by the injury of BPH nymphs, while the reduced survival duration of rice plants with the increase of nitrogen content was recorded. These may be considered to be one of the important factors in increasing the susceptibility to BPH damage on rice plants applied with nitrogen fertilizer.
基金Project(09JJ1008) supported by Hunan Provincial Science Foundation, ChinaProject(CX2009B043) supported by Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Innovation Program, China
文摘To investigate the effective shape of collapsing block in square tunnel subjected to pore water pressure,the analytical solution of detaching curve was derived using upper bound theorem of limit analysis with Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The work rate of pore water pressure,which was regarded as an external rate of work,was taken into account in the framework of limit analysis. Taking advantages of variational calculation,the objective function with respect to detaching curve was optimized to obtain the effective shape of collapsing block for square tunnel. According to the numerical results,it is found that the varying pore water pressure coefficient only affects the height and width of the collapsing block,whereas the shape of collapsing block remains unchanged.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under No. 41630639the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB744703)+1 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2016JQ4014)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M602743)
文摘After water is impounded in a reservoir,rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir bank slope is subject to water saturationdehydration circulation(WSDC). To quantify the rate of change of rock mechanical properties, samples from the Longtan dam area were measured with uniaxial compression tests after different numbers(1,5, 10, 15, and 20) of simulated WSDC cycles. Based on the curves derived from these tests, a modified HoekBrown failure criterion was proposed, in which a new parameter was introduced to model the cumulative damage to rocks after WSDC. A case of an engineering application was analyzed, and the results showed that the modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion is useful.Under similar WSDC-influenced engineering and geological conditions, rock mass strength parameters required for analysis and evaluation of rock slope stability can be estimated according to this modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion.
文摘Corrosion scales play an important role in modifying water quality in drinking water distribution systems. The corrosion scales from old water pipe lines were analyzed for their structure and composition. This paper presents the results of comprehensive study of deposits found in water distribution system of Ulhasnagar city of Maharashtra, India. Scales were investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM and ED’s analytical techniques. It was found that goethite, magnetite, lepidocrocite, hematite and Akaganite were identified as the primary constituents of brown deposits. The corrosion scales had a shell-like, enveloping layer, covering porous deposits of iron oxide phases. Our studies were able to identify important constituents of three different pipes of water distribution systems. Akaganite was found to be present in chloride environment. Along with iron hydroxide phases it was found that corrosion product also contain some organic matter which may be due to adsorption of biofilm on the surface of pipe. Further studies are needed to establish the role of corrosion scales in the mechanism of iron release from corroded pipes.
文摘In order to do a best stipulation on her consumption, it is necessary to know if a food provoke faintly, fairly or highly the glyceamia. The aim of this work was to evaluate the glycemic index of coconut water sugar from three coconuts varieties. So, with a cohort of 15 people, a capillary blood was collect after sugar ingestion and the glycaemia read directly on a glucometer. The result showed that the brown and white sugar from coconut sugar can be classified as low glycemic index food. Also, the glycemic indexes of white coconut water sugar are 2 to 3 more lower than that the brown sugar. The glycemic indexes of sugars vary according to the variety of coconut used. The sugars of the coconut palm (MYD) are more hyper-glycemic than those of the hybrid (PB121+) which is more hyperglycemic than the sugars of the coconut palm (WAT). Thus, with a controlled consumption, the coconut water sugars could be the sugars that are best for the health of the healthy and diabetic populations because it raises slightly the postprandial glucose.
文摘【目的】研究秸秆配施化肥对暗棕壤团聚体组成、团聚体碳氮含量、土壤微生物量特征及小麦产量的影响,揭示长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤肥力和生产力的协同提升机制。【方法】依托长期定位40年施肥试验,选取4个处理:单施化肥(NP)、秸秆配施化肥(S+NP)、秸秆配施1/2化肥(S+1/2NP)、秸秆配施1/4化肥(S+1/4NP),其中秸秆为麦秸隔年还田,用量为3000 kg·hm^(-2),氮磷化肥用量为150 kg N·hm^(-2)、150 kg P2O5·hm^(-2)。采集0—20 cm土层土样,利用湿筛法得到不同粒级的水稳性团聚体,测定团聚体中有机碳(SOC)、氮含量及土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)含量。【结果】(1)长期秸秆配施化肥显著降低土壤容重并提高了团聚体稳定性,和NP相比,S+NP处理土壤容重降低4.7%,>2 mm团聚体含量、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何重量直径(GWD)分别提升254.4%、76.5%和91.3%。(2)S+NP、S+1/2NP处理>2 mm团聚体百分含量、MWD和GWD显著高于S+1/4NP,分别增加了49.1%—52.4%,19.43%—22.4%和24.2%—33.3%。(3)S+NP、S+1/2NP、S+1/4NP和NP相比增加了>2 mm和>0.25 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳、全氮贡献率,并显著提高全土SOC、SMBC和SMBN含量;其中,SOC含量在S+NP中最高,比S+1/2NP、S+1/4NP高6.3%和12.6%。(4)产量表现为S+NP>NP>S+1/2NP>S+1/4NP处理,S+NP比减施化肥处理提高小麦产量28.6%—47.5%。(5)土壤团聚体稳定性、SOC含量及小麦产量之间有较好的相关性,>2 mm和>0.25 mm团聚体含量、MWD和GWD分别与全土SOC含量及小麦产量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】暗棕壤地区在长期秸秆还田条件下,配施化肥量150 kg N·hm^(-2)、150 kg P2O5·hm^(-2)时能提高土壤团聚体稳定性、有机碳含量、微生物生物量和小麦产量,最大化实现土壤结构改良、肥力提升和作物增产的协同效应。
