WebFLex:A Framework for Web Browsers-Based Peer-to-Peer Federated Learning Systems Using WebRTC

Scalability and information personal privacy are vital for training and deploying large-scale deep learning models.Federated learning trains models on exclusive information by aggregating weights from various devices and taking advantage of the device-agnostic environment of web browsers.Nevertheless,relying on a main central server for internet browser-based federated systems can prohibit scalability and interfere with the training process as a result of growing client numbers.Additionally,information relating to the training dataset can possibly be extracted from the distributed weights,potentially reducing the privacy of the local data used for training.In this research paper,we aim to investigate the challenges of scalability and data privacy to increase the efficiency of distributed training models.As a result,we propose a web-federated learning exchange(WebFLex)framework,which intends to improve the decentralization of the federated learning process.WebFLex is additionally developed to secure distributed and scalable federated learning systems that operate in web browsers across heterogeneous devices.Furthermore,WebFLex utilizes peer-to-peer interactions and secure weight exchanges utilizing browser-to-browser web real-time communication(WebRTC),efficiently preventing the need for a main central server.WebFLex has actually been measured in various setups using the MNIST dataset.Experimental results show WebFLex’s ability to improve the scalability of federated learning systems,allowing a smooth increase in the number of participating devices without central data aggregation.In addition,WebFLex can maintain a durable federated learning procedure even when faced with device disconnections and network variability.Additionally,it improves data privacy by utilizing artificial noise,which accomplishes an appropriate balance between accuracy and privacy preservation.

Framework to Model User Request Access Patterns in the World Wide Web

In this paper, we present a novel approach to model user request patterns in the World Wide Web. Instead of focusing on the user traffic for web pages, we capture the user interaction at the object level of the web pages. Our framework model consists of three sub-models: one for user file access, one for web pages, and one for storage servers. Web pages are assumed to consist of different types and sizes of objects, which are characterized using several categories: articles, media, and mosaics. The model is implemented with a discrete event simulation and then used to investigate the performance of our system over a variety of parameters in our model. Our performance measure of choice is mean response time and by varying the composition of web pages through our categories, we find that our framework model is able to capture a wide range of conditions that serve as a basis for generating a variety of user request patterns. In addition, we are able to establish a set of parameters that can be used as base cases. One of the goals of this research is for the framework model to be general enough that the parameters can be varied such that it can serve as input for investigating other distributed applications that require the generation of user request access patterns.

基于Stacking融合模型的Web攻击检测方法

随着计算机技术与互联网技术的飞速发展,Web应用在人们的生产与生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。但是在人们的日常生活与工作中带来了更多便捷的同时,却也带来了严重的安全隐患。在开发Web应用的过程中,大量不规范的新技术应用引入了很多的网站漏洞。攻击者可以利用Web应用开发过程中的漏洞发起攻击,当Web应用受到攻击时会造成严重的数据泄露和财产损失等安全问题,因此Web安全问题一直受到学术界和工业界的关注。超文本传输协议(HTTP)是一种在Web应用中广泛使用的应用层协议。随着HTTP协议的大量使用,在HTTP请求数据中包含了大量的实际入侵,针对HTTP请求数据进行Web攻击检测的研究也开始逐渐被研究人员所重视。本文提出了一种基于Stacking融合模型的Web攻击检测方法,针对每一条文本格式的HTTP请求数据,首先进行格式化处理得到既定的格式,结合使用Word2Vec方法和TextCNN模型将其转换成向量化表示形式;然后利用Stacking模型融合方法,将不同的子模型(使用配置不同尺寸过滤器的Text-CNN模型搭配不同的检测算法)进行融合搭建出Web攻击检测模型,与融合之前单独的子模型相比在准确率、召回率、F1值上都有所提升。本文所提出的Web攻击检测模型在公开数据集和真实环境数据上都取得了更加稳定的检测性能。

中国地震科学实验场三维断层模型Web展示原型系统

活动断层的三维结构和模型是地震危险性研究的基础参数和重要数据。随着对接近真实形态的活动断层三维模型的应用需求不断增加,对这类模型数据的共享及研究的需求也日益增加。数据共享课题的一个重要议题是如何构建基于Web的三维断层模型展示平台,提高数据共享水平和用户体验。中国地震科学实验场(川滇地区)三维断层模型Web展示原型系统①是基于Arc GIS 10.6企业版的Web App Builder工具构建的一个实验性系统。该系统实现了基于Web GIS的三维展示系统的基本功能,并成功测试了更适用于地震行业标准的用户交互方式、基本功能、场景数据迁移方案和三维场景设计方案。场景数据从三维断层建模平台到GIS平台的迁移,是实现基于Web GIS三维展示系统的基础。场景中展示的三维数据采用与二维数据标准一致且视觉上融合度高的可视化方案。实践结果表明,三维数据从建模平台迁出后,应结合数据可视化方案,在属性层面上与二维数据相融合,以保证二维和三维数据在视觉上较好地融合。

基于Web的Revit模型轻量化和大屏显示研究

实现建筑信息模型在浏览器中的显示功能对于推动BIM技术在工程现场的实际应用具有重要价值。通过对Revit的二次开发,将Revit模型以GLTF格式储存并采用Draco压缩算法进行轻量化处理,在Three.js引擎中完成解析和重构模型,从而实现模型在浏览器中的显示功能。在谷歌Chrome浏览器中实现模型优化和交互功能,之后对多种浏览器的兼容性进行测试,结果表明交互功能和优化效果良好。采用Three.js引擎实现了BIM模型在数据大屏系统中的展示,提高了模型的美观度和模型与数据的关联性。研究结果表明:Revit模型在浏览器中的轻量化显示具有可行性;BIM模型轻量化显示与数据大屏技术相结合具有未来研究价值。

1+X证书制度下Web前端开发人才培养模式探索——以海南软件职业技术学院为例

Web前端开发职业技能等级证书是首批启动试点的6个1+X职业技能等级证书之一,海南软件职业技术学院是Web前端开发职业技能等级证书首批启动试点院校之一。文章以海南软件职业技术学院为例,研究了Web前端开发职业技能等级标准,分析了Web前端开发人才培养方案及其存在的问题,优化了基于1+X证书制度的人才培养模式和人才培养评价模式。

Modeling and simulation of solvent behavior and temperature distribution within long stick propellants with large web thickness undergoing drying

Drying is a complicated physical process which involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the removal of solvents inside propellants.Inappropriate drying techniques may result in the formation of a hard skin layer near the surface to block the free access of most solvent through for long stick propellants with large web thickness,which lead to lower drying efficiency and worse drying quality.This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of drying process and clarify the mechanism of the blocked layer near the propellant surface.A new three-dimensional coupled heat and mass transfer(3D-CHMT)model was successfully developed under transient conditions.The drying experiment results show that the 3DCHMT model could be applied to describe the drying process well since the relative error of the content of solvent between simulation and experiment values is only 5.5%.The solvent behavior simulation demonstrates that the mass transfer process can be divided into super-fast(SF)and subsequent minorfast(MF)stages,and the SF stage is vital to the prevention of the blocked layer against the free access for solvent molecules inside propellant grains.The effective solvent diffusion coefficient(Deff)of the propellant surface initially increases from 3.4×10^(-6)to 5.3×10^(-6)m^(2)/s as the temperature increases,and then decreases to 4.1×10^(-8)m^(2)/s at 60-100 min.The value of Deffof surface between 0-1.4 mm has a unique trend of change compared with other regions,and it is much lower than that of the internal at100 min under simulation conditions.Meanwhile,the temperature of the propellant surface increases rapidly at the SF stage(0-100 min)and then very slowly thereafter.Both the evolution of Deffand temperature distribution demonstrate that the blocked layer near the propellant surface has been formed in the time period of approximately 0-100 min and its thickness is about 1.4 mm.To mitigate the formation of blocked layer and improve its drying quality of finial propellant products effectively,it should be initially dried at lower drying temperature(30-40℃)in 0-100 min and then dried at higher drying temperature(50-60℃)to reduce drying time for later drying process in double base gun propellants.The present results can provide theoretical guidance for drying process and optimization of drying parameters for long stick propellants with large web thickness.

Survey of lightweighting methods of huge 3D models for online Web3D visualization

Background With the rapid development of Web3D technologies, the online Web3D visualization, particularly for complex models or scenes, has been in a great demand. Owing to the major conflict between the Web3D system load and resource consumption in the processing of these huge models, the huge 3D model lightweighting methods for online Web3D visualization are reviewed in this paper. Methods By observing the geometry redundancy introduced by man-made operations in the modeling procedure, several categories of light-weighting related work that aim at reducing the amount of data and resource consumption are elaborated for Web3D visualization. Results By comparing perspectives, the characteristics of each method are summarized, and among the reviewed methods, the geometric redundancy removal that achieves the lightweight goal by detecting and removing the repeated components is an appropriate method for current online Web3D visualization. Meanwhile, the learning algorithm, still in improvement period at present, is our expected future research topic. Conclusions Various aspects should be considered in an efficient lightweight method for online Web3D visualization, such as characteristics of original data, combination or extension of existing methods, scheduling strategy, cache man-agement, and rendering mechanism. Meanwhile, innovation methods, particularly the learning algorithm, are worth exploring.

基于Web自动化理念实现跨平台数据交互

在异构平台的时代,不同平台之间的数据分享和交换对于无缝的工作流和信息整合变得至关重要。然而,缺乏互操作性和兼容性经常妨碍了数据有效交换。本文提出了一种基于Web自动化概念的跨平台数据交互方法。该方法利用自动化脚本和浏览器自动化工具来模拟人类与Web应用程序的交互,实现自动数据检索、转换和传输,能够实现跨平台的无缝自动化数据交换,取代手工操作并减少人为错误。该方法在数据交换方面提高了效率、准确性和可靠性,增强了总体生产力。此外,该方法具有灵活性和可扩展性,以适应不同的数据交换要求,并支持实时数据同步。

基于Vue框架的医学3D模型展示测量分析的Web云平台

作为基于Vue的医学3D模型展示测量分析的Web云平台,平台整合了现代Web技术与医疗图像处理前沿技术,实现了医学3D模型数据的云端高效存储、高速传输与在线互动展示。该平台采用组件化、响应式的设计理念,结合Three.js等3D渲染库,能够流畅加载、渲染复杂医学3D模型,并提供精细化的模型测量、分析工具。平台支持多用户并发访问与权限管理,适用于跨地域的医疗团队协作,提高了医患沟通效率和医疗决策的科学性。

Impacts of Aggregation Methods and Trophospecies Number on the Structure and Function of Marine Food Webs

Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also the accuracy of models’outputs.Selection of aggregation methods and the number of trophospecies are the keys to study the simplification of food web.In this study,three aggregation methods,including taxonomic aggregation(TA),structural equivalence aggregation(SEA),and self-organizing maps(SOM),were analyzed and compared with the linear inverse model–Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)model.Impacts of aggregation methods and trophospecies number on food webs were evaluated based on the robustness and unitless of ecological net-work indices.Results showed that aggregation method of SEA performed better than the other two methods in estimating food web structure and function indices.The effects of aggregation methods were driven by the differences in species aggregation principles,which will alter food web structure and function through the redistribution of energy flow.According to the results of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)which can be applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model,we found that MAPE in food web indices will increase with the reducing trophospecies number,and MAPE in food web function indices were smaller and more stable than those in food web structure indices.Therefore,trade-off between simplifying food webs and reflecting the status of ecosystem should be con-sidered in food web studies.These findings highlight the importance of aggregation methods and trophospecies number in the analy-sis of food web simplification.This study provided a framework to explore the extent to which food web models are affected by dif-ferent species aggregation,and will provide scientific basis for the construction of food webs.

基于web技术的有限元模型和成果可视化方法研究

在水利水电工程设计及运行阶段,经常使用有限元分析方法进行结构受力变形分析。以往多数情况下都是高校或科研单位将有限元分析结果以固定图表的成果形式以研究报告的方式呈现给设计或运管单位,倘若边界条件或材料参数发生变化,设计或运管单位无法实时了解新的计算成果。随着Web技术的发展,使得将有限元模型和分析成果以可视化、交互式的方式向设计及运管人员进行实时呈现成为可能。借用基于WebGL技术封闭的Three.JS框架,实现了拱坝三维有限元网格模型及分析成果在用户浏览器上的可视化呈现,能够让用户通过交互式方式对有限元模型及分析成果进行动态浏览和查看,方便用户全面了解计算成果。该方法为数字孪生水利工程建设提供了计算分析成果在线查询技术,具有广泛的应用价值。

融合语义和共现特征的Web跟踪器深度识别方法

【目的】Web跟踪器通过嵌入用户访问的网站,收集用户的标识与访问信息,用于个性化推荐服务和网站性能分析等。然而,Web跟踪器对互联网用户来说可能会造成隐私泄漏,让用户有选择的关闭/打开Web跟踪对互联网健康发展至关重要,而Web跟踪器的自动识别是前提与基础。【方法】通过对实际数据的分析,发现Web跟踪器在URL的文本语义和嵌入关联(即共现)两个维度的重要特征,并据此设计了融合关联特征与语义特征的Web跟踪器深度识别方法。该方法首先建立用户直接访问网站和其嵌入URL的嵌入关系二部图,并基于DeepWalk算法提取URL的嵌入特征向量;其次,基于自然语言处理领域的预训练BERT模型提取URL字符串的文本语义特征;最后,使用注意力机制聚合两类特征,并使用多层感知机模型实现URL的分类,识别Web跟踪器。【结果】基于真实数据的实验结果表明,与已有方法相比,本文所提方法提高了识别的准确度,其F1分数可达到0.91。【结论】基于深度学习的Web跟踪器识别方法仅依赖跟踪器URL及其在网站的嵌入关系信息,取得了较高的识别准确度,易于部署。

Python Server Page Performance Analysis and Modeling

Today, in the field of computer networks, new services have been developed on the Internet or intranets, including the mail server, database management, sounds, videos and the web server itself Apache. The number of solutions for this server is therefore growing continuously, these services are becoming more and more complex and expensive, without being able to fulfill the needs of the users. The absence of benchmarks for websites with dynamic content is the major obstacle to research in this area. These users place high demands on the speed of access to information on the Internet. This is why the performance of the web server is critically important. Several factors influence performance, such as server execution speed, network saturation on the internet or intranet, increased response time, and throughputs. By measuring these factors, we propose a performance evaluation strategy for servers that allows us to determine the actual performance of different servers in terms of user satisfaction. Furthermore, we identified performance characteristics such as throughput, resource utilization, and response time of a system through measurement and modeling by simulation. Finally, we present a simple queue model of an Apache web server, which reasonably represents the behavior of a saturated web server using the Simulink model in Matlab (Matrix Laboratory) and also incorporates sporadic incoming traffic. We obtain server performance metrics such as average response time and throughput through simulations. Compared to other models, our model is conceptually straightforward. The model has been validated through measurements and simulations during the tests that we conducted.

基于WebGIS的广播电视无线发射台站管理系统设计与实现

确保无线电波的质量和安全播出是广播电视行业的基本要求,依赖无线发射台站的高效管理。传统的基于客户端的台站管理系统因其高成本、低效率等缺点逐渐不能满足当前的需求。因此,提出基于WebGIS(Web Geographic Information System)的广播电视无线发射台站管理系统,旨在提升广播电视无线发射台站的管理能力。首先阐述系统特点,其次设计系统的总体结构,分析系统的主要功能模块,最后研究各功能模块的实现。

基于Web的B/S架构勤工助学信息管理系统设计与实现

基于Web浏览器的勤工助学信息管理系统采用B/S架构,包括客户端、服务器、数据库3部分。系统用户分为3类,学生用户可登录系统在线申请岗位、查询工作记录与考核结果;教师用户具备设置岗位信息、审批工作记录、核算月度酬金等权限;管理员享有查询工作量、汇总考核表、发放酬金等高级权限,为勤工助学的信息管理和工作开展提供便利。

基于Web与BIM技术的数字化竣工交付平台设计

为在智慧建造的基础上,创新竣工交付模式。以Web与建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)技术为基础,通过对服务器选型、网络设备选型等硬件设计;软件框架设计、基于Web与BIM技术的项目模型标准化处理、BIM模型轻量化与质检资料的智能关联、电子档案全过程信息化管理与交付等软件设计,提出一种全新的数字化跋工交付平台。将该平台应用于北京市朝阳站建设项目中,实现朝阳站数字建筑和物理建筑的数字李生交付,为运维阶段提供基础数据,探索平台与城建档案馆档案接收系统的业务对接。

基于BERT的多模型融合的Web攻击检测方法

传统Web攻击检测方法准确率不高,不能有效防范Web攻击。针对该问题,提出一种基于变换器的双向编码器表示(BERT)的预训练模型、文本卷积神经网络(TextCNN)和双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)多模型融合的Web攻击检测方法。先将HTTP请求进行预处理,再通过BERT进行训练得到具备上下文依赖的特征向量,并用TextCNN模型进一步提取其中的高阶语义特征,作为BiLSTM的输入,最后利用Softmax函数进行分类检测。在HTTP CSIC 2010和恶意URL检测两个数据集上对所提方法进行验证,结果表明,与支持向量机(SVM)、逻辑回归(LR)等传统的机器学习方法和现有较新的方法相比,基于BERT的多模型融合的Web攻击检测方法在准确率、精确率、召回率和F1值指标上均表现更优(准确率和F1值的最优值都在99%以上),能准确检测Web攻击。

基于Web的城轨联锁维护机设计与实现

传统的基于C/S模式下的联锁维护机程序安装、操作复杂,对用户具有一定的要求。为提高产品的用户友好性,利用SpringBoot、Vue、数据库等框架技术设计与实现一种基于Web的联锁维护机,具有传统联锁维护机的站场图形显示、网络拓扑图形显示、历史数据查询等功能,维护机功能导航栏以列表形式展示在页面上,用户登录网页后点击导航栏可查看相应的页面。与传统的C/S模式联锁维护机相比,基于Web的联锁维护机的访问更简单,通过浏览器访问网页的方式更贴近用户的使用习惯。

基于全球海域多波束测深数据构建DBM与Web服务

为解决全球海域多波束测深数据查询使用不便的问题,通过数据分块实现海量数据处理,使用逐点插值算法构建数字水深模型,将晕渲图与数字水深模型组合构建可视化查询服务,实现基于浏览器查看水深数据和查询水深值等功能。对已有的全球海域多波束测深数据进行了处理,结果表明该方法对海量数据有着很好的承载能力,构建的数字水深模型能够反映测深点分布情况,Web查询服务响应迅速;同时该方法基于常用GIS软件处理数据,可操作性强,可用于海量多波束测深数据管理。