Modified novel high silicon steel （MNHS, a newly developed reduced-activation martensitic alloy） and commercial alloy Tgl are implanted with 200 keV He2＋ ions to a dose of 5 × 1020 ions/m2 at 300, 450 and 560~...Modified novel high silicon steel （MNHS, a newly developed reduced-activation martensitic alloy） and commercial alloy Tgl are implanted with 200 keV He2＋ ions to a dose of 5 × 1020 ions/m2 at 300, 450 and 560~C. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） is used to characterize the size and morphology of He bubbles. With the increase of the implantation temperature, TEM observations indicate that bubbles increase in size and the proportion of ＇brick shaped＇ cuboid bubbles increases while the proportion of polyhedral bubbles decreases in both the steel samples. For the samples implanted at the same temperature, the average size of He bubbles in MNHS is smaller than that in T91. This might be due to the abundance of boundaries and precipitates in MNHS, which provide additional sites for the trapping of He atoms, thus reduce the susceptibility of MNHS to He embrittlement.展开更多
Electrochemical gas evolution reactions are common but essential in many electrochemical processes including water electrolysis.During these processes,gas bubbles are constantly nucleating on reaction interfaces in el...Electrochemical gas evolution reactions are common but essential in many electrochemical processes including water electrolysis.During these processes,gas bubbles are constantly nucleating on reaction interfaces in electrolyte and consequently exert an impact on catalysts and the performance.In the past few decades,extensive studies have been conducted to characterize bubbles with emerging advanced technologies,manage behaviors of bubbles,and apply bubbles to various domains.In this review,we summarize representative discoveries as well as recent advancements in electrochemical gas evolution reactions from the perspective of gas bubbles.Finally,we end up this review with a profound outlook on future research topics from the combination of experiments and theoretical techniques,non-negligible bubble effects,gravity-free situation,and reactions under practical industrial conditions.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2010CB832902 and 91026002the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No U1232121
文摘Modified novel high silicon steel （MNHS, a newly developed reduced-activation martensitic alloy） and commercial alloy Tgl are implanted with 200 keV He2＋ ions to a dose of 5 × 1020 ions/m2 at 300, 450 and 560~C. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） is used to characterize the size and morphology of He bubbles. With the increase of the implantation temperature, TEM observations indicate that bubbles increase in size and the proportion of ＇brick shaped＇ cuboid bubbles increases while the proportion of polyhedral bubbles decreases in both the steel samples. For the samples implanted at the same temperature, the average size of He bubbles in MNHS is smaller than that in T91. This might be due to the abundance of boundaries and precipitates in MNHS, which provide additional sites for the trapping of He atoms, thus reduce the susceptibility of MNHS to He embrittlement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902101)the Youth Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ40044)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20201381)Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Nos.NY219144 and NY221046)the National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202210293171K).
文摘Electrochemical gas evolution reactions are common but essential in many electrochemical processes including water electrolysis.During these processes,gas bubbles are constantly nucleating on reaction interfaces in electrolyte and consequently exert an impact on catalysts and the performance.In the past few decades,extensive studies have been conducted to characterize bubbles with emerging advanced technologies,manage behaviors of bubbles,and apply bubbles to various domains.In this review,we summarize representative discoveries as well as recent advancements in electrochemical gas evolution reactions from the perspective of gas bubbles.Finally,we end up this review with a profound outlook on future research topics from the combination of experiments and theoretical techniques,non-negligible bubble effects,gravity-free situation,and reactions under practical industrial conditions.
