Study on Improvement of Walnut Bud Grafting Technology in the North

[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method.[Result] The survival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping,and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%.The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable.The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting.[Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management,and the overall cost was lower though the survival rate was reduced to a limited extent.Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect.Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings,but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.

Effect of Some Bioproducts on Winter Mortality of Grafted Buds and the Number of Maiden Fruit Trees Produced in an Organic Nursery

In an organic nursery, various bioproducts were used to stimulate plant growth： Fertigo （granulated bovine manure）, Micosat, Humus UP （humic acids microbiologically enriched）, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM （beneficial microorganisms）, BioFeed Amin, BioFeed Quality, Tytanit, and Vinassa. One of the aims of the study was to determine the effect of these products on the ability of grafted buds of apple and sour cherry cultivars to survive the winter. Losses resulting from the freezing of buds during winter dormancy were calculated as the difference between the number of buds deemed to have taken in autumn and the number of live buds that began to develop properly in the spring of the following year. In autumn, the number of maiden trees obtained in each fertilization combination was also determined in the same nursery. The greatest tendency to die in winter was shown by apple and sour cherry buds in those combinations in which the rootstocks were supplied with a mineral fertilizer with NPK components, and the smallest where humic preparations （so-called vermiculites） were used. The type of fertilizer had an indirect influence not only on the number of grafted buds that died in winter as a result of freezing, but also on the final number of maiden trees obtained from a given area of the nursery.