Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty--From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism,Sages,to Saints

Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.

Chan Buddhism in Wilderness and the Buddhist Tourism

The culture of landscape constitutes one of the vital characteristics of Chinese culture,in which,Chan Buddhism is a typical kind of Buddhist culture expressed by the natural objects.Chinese Buddhism,represented by Chan School,is interpreted by the beautiful natural scenery,therefore it is closely related to the tourism from the ancient time.However,this link is to defend Buddhist tourism,which is inevitably criticized,since the secularization of sacred Buddhism,though Buddhist tourism is beneficial for life,society,economy,and Buddhism itself.But this sort of criticism is a misunderstanding of Chinese Buddhism since that Chinese Buddhism absorbs Zhuang Zi’s thought that“the ultimate truth(道)is in shit(屎尿)”1,so that it purports to the sacred dimension which is overlapped by the secular aspect.For example,the short poems composed by masters in Chan School“The Buddhist dharma is in this world,so that the enlightenment could not be realized outside of the human world”,“where there is bamboo and flower,there is dharma and prajna”,are the best way to express this kind of divine concept,moreover,Buddhist tourism is an effective practice to allocate this divine connotation.

The Time Being and Its Disidentification With the Modern Liberal Order

The Time Being is a concept that is rooted in the here and now,cognizant of the importance of every action in a moment that can prevent harm and promote goodness.Such moments have the power to leave enduring impressions that transcend time and location.This idea of a time being is one that Ozeki uses to emphasize the historical ties and influence of her characters.It also assists readers in recognizing the similarities between historical oppressive systems and the ways in which they can endure.Kandice Chuh also addresses the notion of applying anti-Western philosophies to better understand oneself in order to disassociate and dismantle contemporary structures that have the potential to damage and skew the perception of our shared humanity.Through Buddhist philosophy,Dogen Zenji’s concept of a time being,and disidentification with demanding neoliberal structures,the novel’s characters are able to discover new perspectives on life and develop a new sense of self that enables them to want to live.Ozeki finds ways to give her characters a stronger sense of self by drawing on Buddhist teachings.Through Zenji’s teachings,Nao,her father,and great-uncle,find peace and consolation in worlds that are too focused on future comforts that can be destructive to the present self.

A Study on Honeysuckle Pattern in Yungang Grottoes From the Perspective of Semiotics

Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty and took root in China,integrating with local culture.The classic pattern of honeysuckle in Buddhism,as a type of border decoration,was also introduced to China with the eastward advancement of Buddhism.This article aims to conduct a semiotic study on the patterns of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes.Firstly,the concept of honeysuckle patterns was explained,and typical honeysuckle patterns that appeared in the Yungang Grottoes were systematically organized and classified.Then,with the help of semiotic principles,the production of symbols for honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes was analyzed from a semiotic perspective.Based on this,the semiotic characteristics of honeysuckle patterns in the Yungang Grottoes and their signifier and referent systems were analyzed in depth.Finally,the shape and connotation of honeysuckle patterns in their evolution and development were summarized.The honeysuckle pattern occupies an important position in the history of traditional patterns in China,so the honeysuckle pattern in Yungang Grottoes,as a decorative theme,not only has important research significance,but its semiotic value is also worth exploring and studying.

Shilian Dashan With the Propagation of the Caodong Sect in Cochinchina in the Seventeenth Century

The prosperous development of the“Maritime Silk Road”in the 17th century not only brought convenience in sea transportation and promoted trade between countries,but also acted as a bridge connecting countries.This bridge has the function of cultural exchange between peoples,especially in introducing and promoting China’s cultural and ideological quintessence with neighboring countries.During this period,Linji and Caodong sects of Chinese Zen Buddhism were spread directly into Cochinchina of Dai Viet through Chinese senior monks who followed merchant ships to this place.Among them was the Most Venarable Shilian Dashan,a senior monk at Changshou Temple,Guangzhou,who accepted Lord Nguyen Phuc Chu’s invitation to teach the Soto Dharma in Cochinchina for nearly two years(1695-1696).Based on the study of relevant historical documents and autobiographical works on this trip byMost Ven.Dashan,the article presents his biography and activities.Moreover,this article analyzes the method of spreading Dharma,Chan ideology,as well as the significance of his Dharma propagation activities for Buddhism in Cochinchina at that time.

Compassion in Buddhism and Guanxi： Can There Be a Synergy for Westem Companies in China

Compassion is one of the core fundamental elements of Buddhism. The compassionate virtues are the precious qualities essential in the practice of Buddhism. On the other hand, guanxi plays a dominant role in any successful business venture in Chinese market. This paper develops the understanding of the two ancient bodies of knowledge of Buddhism and Confucianism. The attempt will be made in this paper to understand the deeper meaning of compassion in Buddhism in terms of compassionate virtues such as generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, humility, and wisdom. In guanxi, it will delve into different aspects of guanxi in terms of its background, meaning, significance, different types, intermediary, comparison with networking and ethics and success factors. This paper is based on the literature review on compassion--guanxi. The compassion literature focuses on books on Buddhism and commentaries by great Tibetan Buddhist sages. The guanxi literatures are predominately based on business research papers related to guanxi and business culture in China. The paper provides deeper meaning of compassion in Buddhism. The application of compassion to manage guanxi in China is the topic of this paper. This research is about optimizing the art of guanxi through the application of compassion which will help many non-Chinese business managers to effectively manage it. This paper is considered the first of its kind to study compassion in Buddhism and guanxi practice in China and seeks to provide the necessary framework to conduct the further research on applying compassion to build and manage better guanxi in China.

The Positive Influence of Buddhism Upon the Development of Science and Technology in Ancient China

It is important and worthwhile to discuss what kind of influence Buddhism cast on the development of science and technology in ancient China. The author does not agree with Joseph Needham’s view:“There can be little doubt that on the whole its action was powerfully inhibitory”, and the author thinks Buddhism took a positive promotion and influence on the development of science and technology in ancient China as a whole. There were four main ways of Chinese Buddhism influence on ancient science and technology:(1) The Buddhist scriptures actually contain a wealth of knowledge of science and technology;the eminent Buddhist monks introduced them into China through translation, therefore enriched contents of science and technology in ancient China.(2) Some knowledge of science and technology in ancient Indian and other districts got into China along with the spread of Buddhism.(3) Ancient Chinese Buddhists took part in science and technology practice actively at that time, and they had got a series of achievements in science and technology.(4) Being inspired and affected by Buddhist scientific knowledge, those non-Buddhist scientists had engaged in many created work in a further step, and made much contributions to development of science and technology. The doctrine of Buddhism was not a complete hindrance to the development of science and technology, and the result turned out contrary in many respects that it had promoted development of science and technology. In fact, Chinese Buddhism had made many important contributions in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and so on.

Buddhism-Among the Theory and Practice

The article tries to bring the issues related to problematic aspects of conceptualization of Buddhism into words closer. The author pays attention to Japanese output of 19th century Japanese idea that grasped Buddhism into the theoretical frames of western philosophy. The attempt of translating Buddhism with terminology taken from European philosophy allowed not only to refresh the general look at Buddhism, but also to bring it closer to western man. By analyzing the western philosophy, we may often come across many aspects closed to Buddhist idea although we must bear in mind the fact that those similarities can often enough create a misrepresentation. The present article as an attempt is to answer the questions： To what degree can we really speak of knowledge of Buddhism being closed in language frames？ Is it possible to get to know Buddhism without its practice, based only on the philosophical studies？

The Continuum of Grief. From Scandinavian Mythology to Zen Buddhism： Janet Frame＇s Intertextual Strategies in Snowman, Snowman

In the wake of Richards Benton＇s ＂Keats and Zen＂ （published in Philosophy East and West （1966））, this paper sets out to examine Janet Frame＇s appropriation of Buddhist philosophy in Snowman, Snowman （1962）. The novella＇s allusions to a Buddhist-like epistemology, together with its subtle references to Scandinavian myths, however, have so far remained uncovered and are therefore best approached in the light of what has been called ＂the suppressed intertextuality in post-colonial writing＂. The author＇s intention in this paper is twofold： On the one hand, the author will suggest that post-colonial writers do not necessarily write against the Western canon and that maintaining the contrary amounts to vindicating the centrality of imperial texts in the contemporary literary scene--an endeavour which is hardly post-colonial. On the other hand, the author will go some way towards shifting eastward the core of Frame＇s ontology by suggesting that her poetics is anchored not only in Western thinking, but also, perhaps more importantly so, in Eastern philosophy. The author＇s primary impulse, however, in examining the interplay between canonical and peripheral intertextualities, is to illuminate in fundamental fashion the haunting beauty of the writer＇s universe and the lyricism of Snowman, Snowman.

The Shu Road and the Silk Road:Re-verifying the Diffusion Route of Indian Buddhism in Central China

The Shu Road is an important part of the Silk Road.As the transfer station for connecting the Maritime Silk Road with the Overland Silk Road and the starting point of the Southwestern Silk Road,Shu Yuandu Dao Route(Sichuan-India Road)-the predecessor of the Southwestern Silk Road,was the cultural exchange passage for China and its overseas neighbors before the opening of the famous Overland Silk Road.According to many archaeological findings and materials,Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains along the Silk Road during the first century BC.Meanwhile,it was introduced into Bashu(the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas)along the Southwest Silk Road during the Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220)and was integrated into local cultures,which lead to the creation of the brilliant Buddhist culture and arts.

On the Appropriateness of Translation Strategies from the Perspective of Renjian Buddhism’s Translations

This paper discusses the appropriateness of the free translation and literal translation on the basis of the study of Renjian Buddhism’s translations.The result shows that there are more than ten free English translations of Renjian Buddhism in China while only six versions can be found in the English world.Different free translations only focus on one aspect of Renjian Buddhism,which cannot show the whole scene of Renjian Buddhism.For example,translation“humanistic Buddhism”focuses on its humanity,showing the contrariness between“humanism”and“Buddhism”;translation“engaged Buddhism”focuses on its sociality,mistaking“Renjian Buddhism”which is not so engaged as the same Buddhism of Dalai Lama.Due to Renjian Buddhism’s complexity,the phonemic translation of“Renjian Buddhism”is more appropriate to promote its communication with the English World.

Empress Wu Zetian and the Development of Buddhism:Historical Significance and Contemporary Implications

The paper focuses on Wu Zetian,the only empress in China’s history,and her relationship with Buddhism.This study focuses on the book Zizhi Tongjian and compares the differences in the portrayal of Wu Zetian’s connection with Buddhism with the ancient texts of the Old Tang Book and the New Tang Book.It uses historical contextualism to analyze the epochal implications of these differences in the Northern Song Dynasty.Additionally,the paper discusses how historians downplayed or marginalized Wu Zetian’s achievements while emphasizing the negative aspects of her reign.Notably,historian Sima Guang,who was influenced by Confucianism and his own political situation,produced a biased description of Wu Zetian and the Buddhism which she promoted during her reign.

Enlightenment of the Fusion Theory of Huayan Buddhism to Religious Dialogue

In the context of today’s coexistence of multi-religious traditions,how different religious traditions get along is not only an academic issue,but also a practical one.Huayan Buddhism is one of the eight major schools of Buddhism in China.The characteristic theory of Chinese Huayan Buddhism-fusion thought,providing a way of thinking and practical guidance for friendly dialogue between religions,has not only solved the problem of religious dialogue,but also promoted the development of harmonious relations among different religions.In addition,it has positive implications for exchanges between civilizations and cultural diversity.

Another Grand Event of Tibetan Buddhism──The 11th Bainqen Erdeni Initiated Into Monkhood

ＡｎｏｔｈｅｒＧｒａｎｄＥｖｅｎｔｏｆＴｉｂｅｔａｎＢｕｄｄｈｉｓｍ──Ｔｈｅ１１ｔｈＢａｉｎｑｅｎＥｒｄｅｎｉＩｎｉｔｉａｔｅｄＩｎｔｏＭｏｎｋｈｏｏｄＨＵＡＺＩＴｈｅ１１ｔｈＢａｉｎｑｅｎＥｒｄｅｎｉ，ｃｏｎｆｉｒｍｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｍｅｔ...

The concept of “prevention before disease” in Buddhism and its application & dissemination status in modern medicine: a review

The concept of“prevention before disease”in Buddhism has deep roots in traditional Indian medicine and has been integrated into Buddhist philosophy.The Buddhist philosophy of“prevention before disease”is based on the cultivation of mindfulness through the practice of meditation.This philosophy has been integrated into modern medicine through the development of mindfulness-based interventions,which have been found to be effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety,depression,and chronic pain.The article also discusses the spread of Buddhist philosophy and its“prevention before disease”concept in different regions of the world and the potential benefits of integrating this philosophy into patient care.Here,we summarized the concept of“Prevention before Disease”in Buddhism and its specific content in Buddhist teachings and discussed its application&dissemination status in modern medicine.

Preface to the 'Monasteries of China's Tibetan Buddhism'

Ｐｒｅｆａｃｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ‘Ｍｏｎａｓｔｅｒｉｅｓ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎａ＇ｓ Ｔｉｂｅｔａｎ Ｂｕｄｄｈｉｓｍ＇Ｐｒｅｆａｃｅｔｏｔｈｅ‘ＭｏｎａｓｔｅｒｉｅｓｏｆＣｈｉｎａ＇ｓＴｉｂｅｔａｎＢｕｄｄｈｉｓｍ＇￥ＹＡＮＧＬＩＮＤＯＪＥＴｈｅｂｏｏｋｅ...

Pheasants in sacred and other forests in western Sichuan: their cultural conservation

Buddhism and local cultural traditions have long protected wildlife species and their habitats in Tibetan-dominated areas of western Sichuan. In Daocheng County, the White Eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) has been afforded special protection by local people because it is conspicuous and white, a color with special symbolism for Buddhists. This and other cultural reasons have led to pheasants and forests benefiting in some areas. Pheasants were found during surveys between January 2003 and June 2004 in forests with varying degrees of local (non-formal) protection. However, there were significant signs that these traditional attitudes were changing in the face of three particular pressures brought to bear by better roads, improving access to and from the rest of China. The first was the development of a significant local demand for the Chinese caterpillar fungus (Cordyceps sinesis), which is much sought after throughout East Asia and mushrooms. Second, and more recent, is a dramatic increase in tourism from major Chinese cities, bringing non-Tibetan values into Daocheng County and changing the local attitudes to all animals. And then, there is a rise in income of the local population, resulting in a higher timber demand for building big houses, which impact all wildlife in the forest, but local attitudes to sacred forests have been retained so far in spite of this increased timber demand. Lessons should be learnt from the impact that unregulated tourism at Chonggu monastery, the most visited area in the county, has on the surrounding forests so that other sacred and non-sacred forests can best be protected for the long term. The alternative is that several Tibetan Plateau Galliformes, currently considered non-threatened because of their extensive distribution in a remote area, cannot be guaranteed such a healthy future.

Urban structure transformation of Lhasa City after the peaceful liberation and democratic reform of Tibet

In Tibet, Buddhism coupled with its theocratic history has given its cities and urban areas unique forms and structures. As the political, religious, and economic center of Tibet, Lhasa City has a special urban form and has experienced typical urban transformation processes for a thousand years. The city has been experiencing significant urban structure transformation that has accompanied the socio-economic development in recent decades since the peaceful liberation and democratic reform of Tibet during the 1950 s. Hence, this study presents the time-series of urban structure changes in Lhasa City for the purpose of understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of transformation under the republican political system. First, the study illustrates the urban socio-economic changes of Lhasa City beginning in the 1950 s via statistical data analysis. We then divide the urban development into several stages. Subsequently, we identify the transformation characteristics of urban structure by investigating urban growth, street structure, land-use, and religious facilities via maps of the city from every development stage. This paper ultimately discusses the regulation of city transformation. This study clarifies several probable issues facing Tibetan cities and proposes suggestions for future urban development of Tibetan cities.

Connotations of architectural culture transmitted in cliff carvings in the Bashu region

Based on site studies, historical literature investigation and academic communication, this work aims to dig out the cultural significance in architectural and religious aspects conveyed in cliff carvings in the Bashu region. After casting a glance at the origin and evolution of Bashu culture and religion mainly involving Daoism and Buddhism recorded in forms of cliff carvings, we concentrated on discovering the national, regional and folk architectural characters implicated in cliff carvings at different sites within the Bashu region. The cliff carvings in this region vividly depicted the evolution of the architectural culture hereof. The essence of their religious and architectural connotations can be good stuff to be input in today’s architectural design philosophy.

海外宋代佛教研究初探——评《宋代佛教》(Buddhism in the Sung)

一、相关背景《宋代佛教》(Buddhism in the Sung)一书的主要编者是美国史密斯学院"宗教与东亚研究"荣誉教授Peter N.Gregory(彼得·N·格雷戈里),本书的另一位编者是布拉德利大学Daniel A.Getz(丹尼尔·A·盖茨)副教授。本书已有两篇英文书评与一篇德语书评~①,目前尚未见到中文书评。