Control of diffuse P-pollutants by multiple buffer/detention structures by Yuqiao Reservoir, North China

A case study on the transport process of agricultural diffuse P-pollutants was conducted in an experimental watershed locating in the north bank of Yuqiao Reservoir during 2001 and 2002. It was found that diversified artificial and natural buffer/detention landscape structures distributing along the ephemeral stream channel in this watershed played an important role of pollutants removal on downstream water quality, especially they have control effect on the diffuse P-pollutants transport process. Surface flow velocity was reduced sharply after passing through these structures. During continuous runoff events, the removal rate of TSS, TP, TDP, DRP by the whole system were 66.7%, 60.7%, 48.4%, and 43.3%, respectively. During discontinuous runoff events, removal rate of pollutants by the whole system was higher due to there was no or little surface water and pollutants exported from the watershed, of which removal rate of pollutants all exceeded 99%. The statistical analysis results of runoff events(n=8) indicated that dry pond was the steadiest structure for controlling diffuse P-pollutants export.

Research on buffer structure and flow field simulation of swash plate plunger type hydraulic transformer

In order to solve the problem of excessive noise and vibration during the operation of the hydraulic transformer,an optimization method of valve plate damping hole structure is proposed to alleviate the phenomenon of pressure shock.Firstly,the mathematical model of oil pressure gradient in the plunger cavity is established,and the incremental equation of pressure change is derived.Secondly,a kind of buffering structure is proposed,the corresponding relationship between the pressure change and the envelopment angle of the buffering hole and the aperture size is determined by analyzing the oil pressure change curve in the plunger cavity.Finally,the flow field models with buffering holes are established,and the transient simulation of the pressure change process under the optimal solution is carried out with ANSYS software and the flow field pressure distribution contours are obtained.Through the analysis of simulation results,it is concluded that the optimal envelope angle of the three buffer holes ofA-T-B-Ais 5°,and the optimal aperture is 1.8 mm,1.6 mm,and 1.7 mm,respectively.The buffer hole can achieve a better-buffering effect in the range of variable pressure angle[0°,101°].The buffer hole structure can effectively alleviate the pressure shock and reduce the noise level,which lays a foundation for the design and theoretical research of hydraulic transformers.

SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR FIVE-AXIS NC MACHINING USING GENERAL CUTTING TOOL

A simulation system for five axis NC machining using general cutting tools is presented This system differs from other simulation system in that it not only focuses on the geometric simulation but also focuses on the collision detection which is usually not included in NC machining simulation Besides all of these, estimating cutting forces is also discussed In order to obtain high efficiency, all algorithms use swept volume modeling technique, so the simulation system is compact and can be performed efficiently

All-Optical WDM Buffer System Realized by NOLM and Feedback Loop Structure

We propose an all-optical WDM buffer for optical packet switching system, which consists of NOLM and feedback loop. The proposed structure provides more than 40 turn buffering and nice output of buffered data when selected by control signal.

An Improved MAC Scheme of HORNET Based on Node Structure with Variable Optical Buffer

An improved unslotted CSMA/CA MAC scheme of HORNET based on the node structure with variable optical buffer is reported. It can be used for transmitting high effectively all variable IP packets in the WDM network.

A new static induction thyristor with high forward blocking voltage and excellent switching performances

A new static induction thyristor （SITH） with a strip anode region and p- buffer layer structure （SAP-B） has been successfully designed and fabricated. This structure is composed of a p- buffer layer and lightly doped n- regions embedded in the p＋-emitter. Compared with the conventional structure of a buffed-gate with a diffused source region （DSR buffed-gate）, besides the simple fabrication process, the forward blocking voltage of this SITH has been increased to 1600 V from the previous value of 1000 V, the blocking gain increased from 40 to 70, and the turn-offtime decreased from 0.8 to 0.4μs.

Spontaneous anchoring Cl intoα-Co(OH)_(2) as efficient and stable oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for seawater battery

Seawater battery is an advanced energy storage system that enables conversion of chemical energy to electricity by consuming metals,dissolved oxygen and seawater in anode,cathode and electrolyte,respectively.However,the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity and stability of electrocatalysts can be easily deactivated due to the severe Cl~-permeation and corrosion in seawater electrolyte.Herein,we developed a structural buffer engineering strategy by spontaneously anchoring Cl~-intoα-Co(OH)_(2) as efficient and stable ORR electrocatalysts,in which the ultrathinα-Co(OH)_(2) nanosheets were synthesized using an ultrafast solution high-temperature shock(SHTS)strategy.The large lattice space(~0.8 nm)of layeredα-Co(OH)_(2) ensured the spontaneously penetration of Cl~-into the lattice structure and replaced part of OH~-to formα-Co(OH)_(2-x)Cl_x.The continuous leaching and compensating of saturated Cl inα-Co(OH)_(2-x)Cl_x could enhance the Cl~-corrosion resistance and modulate electronic structure of Co metallic sites,thus improving the ORR electrocatalytic activity and stability in seawater electrolyte.Theα-Co(OH)_(2-x)Cl_x seawater batteries display superior onset and half-wave potentials of 0.71 and 0.66 V,respectively,which are much better than the counterparts ofα-Co(OH)_(2) and ofβ-Co(OH)_(2) with no Cl~-penetrating and no buffer structure.Theα-Co(OH)_(2-x)Cl_x-based seawater batteries display stable open-circuit potential of 1.69 V and outstanding specific capacity of 1345 mAh·g^(-1).