RESPONSE SUPPRESSION OF COMPOSITES INDUCED BY BUFFETING AERODYNAMIC LOAD

One of the aerodynamic phenomena associated with high performance aircraft is the high frequency vortex induced buffeting. The buffeting load can lead to high cyclic strain and stress,dramatically reduce the fatigue life of composite structures. In this paper, piezoelectric patches are bonded on the surface of composite panel. The dynamic response of the structure is measured by using bonded piezoelectric sensors. Filtered adaptive control algorithm is used to control the strain of piezoelectric actuators actively, so as to increase the modal damping coefficient of the composite panel, suppress the dynamic response and improve the fatigue performance of the structure. The feasibility of this method is verified in model experiments.

Non-linear buffeting response analysis of long-span suspension bridges with central buckle

The rigid central buckle employed in the Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) was the first time it was used in a suspension bridge in China. By using a spectral representation method and FFT technique combined with measured data,a 3D fluctuating wind field considering the tower wind effect is simulated. A novel FE model for buffeting analysis is then presented,in which a specific user-defined Matrix27 element in ANSYS is employed to simulate the aeroelastic forces and its stiffness or damping matrices are parameterized by wind velocity and vibration frequency. A nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to study the influence of the rigid central buckle on the wind-induced buffeting response of a long-span suspension bridge. The results can be used as a reference for wind resistance design of long-span suspension bridges with a rigid central buckle in the future.

Parametric analysis on buffeting performance of a long-span high-speed railway suspension bridge

The buffeting performance of kilometer-level high-speed railway suspension bridges has a great impact on the smooth operation of high-speed trains.To investigate the buffeting performance of the structure significantly different from traditional suspension bridges,the first long-span high-speed railway suspension bridge,Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge(WYRB),is taken as a numerical example to demonstrate the effects of structural parameters and wind field parameters on the buffeting responses.Based on the design information,the spatial finite element model(FEM)of WYRB is established before testing its accuracy.The fluctuating wind fields are simulated via both classical and stochastic wave based spectral representation method(SRM).Finite element method is further taken to analyze the parametric sensitivity on wind induced buffeting responses in time domain.The results show that the vertical displacement is more sensitive to the changing dead load than the lateral and torsional ones.The larger stiffness of the main girder and the lower sag-to-span ratio are both helpful to reduce the buffeting responses.Wind spectrum and coherence function are key influencing factors to the responses so setting proper wind field parameters are essential in the wind-resistant design stage.The analytical results can provide references for wind resistance analysis and selection of structural and fluctuating wind field parameters for similar long-span high-speed railway suspension bridges.

A Method in Mixed Frequency-time domain for Fatigue Life Estimation of Steel Girders of Cable-stayed Bridges Due to Buffeting

发展了斜拉桥钢主梁抖振疲劳寿命的混合时－频域方法．在本方法中，首先建立了桥面处的风速风向概率密度函数，导出的应力谱因其包括背景分量而不再是窄带谱．据应力谱模拟出了疲劳应力的时间历程，并用雨流计数法统计了其幅值特性．基于修正的Ｍｉｎｅｒ定理导出了考虑风速风向作用的桥梁主梁抖振疲劳寿命的估算公式，并用此分析了杨浦大桥钢主梁的抖振疲劳寿命．结果表明，风向对抖振疲劳寿命有很大影响；杨浦大桥主梁的疲劳寿命远大于设计寿命．

A Comparative Assessment of Aerodynamic Models for Buffeting and Flutter of Long-Span Bridges

Wind-induced vibrations commonly represent the leading criterion in the design of long-span bridges. The aerodynamic forces in bridge aerodynamics are mainly based on the quasi-steady and linear unsteady theory. This paper aims to investigate different formulations of self-excited and buffeting forces in the time domain by comparing the dynamic response of a multi-span cable-stayed bridge during the critical erection condition. The bridge is selected to represent a typical reference object with a bluff con- crete box girder for large river crossings. The models are viewed from a perspective of model complexity, comparing the influence of the aerodynamic properties implied in the aerodynamic models, such as aerodynamic damping and stiffness, fluid memory in the buffeting and self-excited forces, aerodynamic nonlinearity, and aerodynamic coupling on the bridge response. The selected models are studied for a windspeed range that is typical for the construction stage for two levels of turbulence intensity. Furthermore, a simplified method for the computation of buffeting forces including the aerodynamic admittance is presented, in which rational approximation is avoided. The critical flutter velocities are also compared for the selected models under laminar flow.

Analysis of the Quasi-Static Buffeting Responses of Transmission Lines to Moving Downburst

Downburst event is identified as a major cause to failure of transmission lines in non-coastal regions.In this paper,a novel nonlinear analytical frame for quasi-static buffeting responses of hinged and multi-span insulator-line systems are derived based on the theory of cable structure.The closed-form solutions are presented and applied to predict nonlinear response including displacements and other reactions of the system subjected to a moving downburst wind in a case study.Accuracy and efficiency of the derived analytical frame are validated via comparisons with results from finite element method.

A Review of Buffeting Loading on Bridge Decks

The strip assumption is the basis of current buffeting analysis. However, the strip assumption has limitation in describing the buffeting load on a line-like structure. The validity of strip assumption was presented and an empirical 3-D aerodynamic admittance was proposed to describe the lift on streamlined decks. The relations between the 3-D admittance and Sears function are depicted.

Effects of non-stationary wind velocity models on buffeting performance of closed-box girder suspension bridges

Non-stationary characteristic in nature wind has a great effect on buffeting performance of long-span bridges.The influence of key parameters in non-stationary wind velocity models on nonlinear buffeting responses of a super long-span suspension bridge was investigated in this paper.Firstly,four non-stationary wind velocity models are established by combing the time-varying average wind velocity with an exponential function and the fluctuating wind velocity with four modulation functions,respectively.These non-stationary wind velocity models have obvious non-stationary characteristics and then are validated by the classical power spectrum densities.Finally,three displacement responses of the bridge deck under four different independent variables ofβin the exponential function and four modulation functions were compared,respectively.Results show that the turbulence intensities using two non-uniform modulation functions(NMF)are larger than those using uniform modulation functions(uMF).Moreover,the root mean square(RMS)values of three displacement responses increase with the decrease ofβ.Besides,the RMS values of three displacement under two NMFs are larger than those under two uMFs,and their RMS values under the second uMF are the smallest.

Numerical study on the correlation of transonic single-degree-of-freedom flutter and buffet

Transonic single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) flutter and transonic buffet are the typical and complex aeroelastic phenomena in the transonic flow. In this study, transonic aeroelastic issues of an elastic airfoil are investigated using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) equations. The airfoil is free to vibrate in SDOF of pitching. It is found that, the coupling system may be unstable and SDOF self-excited pitching oscillations occur in pre-buffet flow condition, where the free-stream angle of attack(AOA) is lower than the buffet onset of a stationary airfoil. In the theory of classical aeroelasticity, this unstable phenomenon is defined as flutter. However, this transonic SDOF flutter is closely related to transonic buffet(unstable aerodynamic models) due to the following reasons. Firstly, the SDOF flutter occurs only when the free-stream AOA of the spring suspended airfoil is slightly lower than that of buffet onset, and the ratio of the structural characteristic frequency to the buffet frequency is within a limited range. Secondly, the response characteristics show a high correlation between the SDOF flutter and buffet. A similar "lock-in" phenomenon exists, when the coupling frequency follows the structural characteristic frequency. Finally, there is no sudden change of the response characteristics in the vicinity of buffet onset, that is, the curve of response amplitude with the free-stream AOA is nearly smooth. Therefore, transonic SDOF flutter is often interwoven with transonic buffet and shows some complex characteristics of response, which is different from the traditional flutter.

空气舵抖振载荷地面模拟试验技术研究

固体火箭的空气舵在挂机飞行中受到抖振载荷作用,出现了异常偏转现象,需要通过地面试验排查原因,并开展抖振载荷适应性考核。由于传统的试验方法未能复现故障,本文提出了一种新的抖振载荷地面模拟试验新技术,通过挂机飞行舵面实测数据计算舵面抖振载荷,并基于优化算法完成地面模拟试验条件制定,通过多激振器联合激励方法来完成抖振载荷加载。该试验技术在地面试验中成功实现了产品故障复现,大幅提高试验考核的真实性,该研究结果可以推广应用到其它舵产品气动载荷地面考核中。

基于CFD/CSD耦合的翼面抖振响应数值模拟研究

发展一种考虑气动弹性效应的CFD/CSD耦合计算方法,对翼面抖振响应进行了数值模拟研究。针对抖振的发生往往伴随着较大尺度分离流动,采用脱体涡模拟方法提高湍流模拟的保真度。针对抖振响应模拟时间历程长、计算量大的特点,基于自主发展的动态网格自动化生成方法以及非定常流动和气动弹性高效求解技术,从而提高响应计算效率。分别对大迎角三角翼和超临界机翼进行了抖振响应模拟研究,通过与文献或试验结果的比较以及时频特性分析,验证了所发展方法在大迎角抖振和跨声速抖振响应预测中的可靠性和精确性。

一次强风作用下大跨度桥梁主梁非平稳抖振可靠性分析

抖振可靠性评估对保障大型桥梁结构在强风作用下的安全性具有十分重要的意义。在已有研究基础上,基于非平稳风场模型和精细化的抖振时域分析方法,并考虑抖振响应的非平稳性和非高斯特征,构建了大跨度桥梁主梁非平稳抖振可靠性分析的方法流程。非平稳脉动风速的模拟基于进化谱理论采用谐波合成法并引入均匀调制函数来实现。静风力荷载采用规范公式求解,非平稳抖振力采用准定常气动理论并引入气动导纳公式来修正其误差进行模拟,气动自激力通过引入单元气动刚度矩阵与气动阻尼矩阵实现。对于精细化有限元分析得到的抖振响应,采用Winterstein修正模型对其进行高斯转换,并考虑响应方差的时变特性,采用基于Poisson假定的首次超越概率来求解非平稳抖振动力可靠性。应用所提出的方法流程对某大跨度斜拉桥在一次强风作用下的抖振可靠性进行了分析评估,证明了其有效性。

竖向紊流积分尺度影响下的流线型箱梁断面抖振升力空间分布特性及理论建模

为研究竖向紊流积分尺度对于流线型箱梁抖振升力空间分布特性的影响,开展了刚性节段模型测压试验。该文选用竖向紊流积分尺度相差较大的三类流场,用于研究无量纲尺度Lw/B(竖向紊流积分尺度与桥梁宽度之比)对抖振升力空间分布特性的影响规律,提出考虑紊流三维效应影响的流线型箱梁断面三维抖振升力广义模型。结果表明:Lw/B为影响流线型箱梁断面抖振升力空间分布特性的关键控制参数,桥梁紊流三维效应随着Lw/B的降低而显著提高。同时,因风嘴、斜腹板等气动措施显著降低了流线型箱梁断面迎风侧气流的流动分离,使得不同竖向紊流积分尺度下其抖振升力二维气动导纳基本保持不变,表明由竖向紊流积分尺度对该型桥梁抖振升力荷载的高频畸变影响可以忽略,可为流线型箱梁断面结构气动外形优化提供参考。

汽车电子节气门系统无抖振滑模控制方法研究

针对电子节气门(ET)系统非线性特性对节流阀控制精度的影响,提出了一种鲁棒自适应无抖振滑模控制(ACFSM)方法。该控制方法考虑了ET系统非线性和参数不确定性的影响,引入了遗传算法(GA)优化了ACFSM控制器的控制参数获得了平滑的控制信号,结合所设计的自适应控制律减轻了不确定性的影响。为验证所提控制方法的有效性,通过实验表明ASCFM控制器不仅在闭环系统响应中不存在抖振现象,而且可以很好地保持良好的瞬态和稳态跟踪性能。通过对比表明ASCFM控制器在跟踪性能上优于ASM控制器,尤其在节流阀遇到外部干扰时,所提出的ASCFM控制器具有较强的鲁棒性。

受控制律影响的电传运输机飞行品质试飞技术

针对电传运输机控制律设计特点,该文分析保护功能、自动配平功能等飞控功能对飞行品质试飞科目的影响,梳理受影响的关键试飞科目,并根据影响情况,适应性提出受控制律影响的运输机失速特性、抖振边界、空中最小操纵速度、高速特性等科目改进的试飞方法,总结试飞过程中的问题和经验,突破受电传控制律影响的飞机飞行品质关键科目试飞技术,为后续电传运输机飞行品质试飞提供参考。

门座起重机反四连杆结构风振失效仿真

港口门座起重机象鼻架上的反四连杆结构容易受风影响出现风振现象,并可能因此断裂导致安全事故。利用ANSYS和Fluent有限元软件进行流固耦合仿真、模态分析、谐响应分析,获得其断裂工况下的应力与变形。分析表明,结构共振引起的大变形是事故发生的诱因。通过改进结构连接方式,可有效减小振幅,使杆件受力情况得以改善。研究成果可为该结构设计优化提供参考。

Enjoy our meal!——小学英语“自助餐”式作业设计实践与探讨

设计具有针对性、合理性和分层性的英语作业不仅是让学生提升英语综合能力的有效手段,更是帮助学生在现有基础上“踮踮脚尖摘苹果”的最佳途径。根据语言学习的特点,把作业设计贯穿于整个教学过程中,让教与学相辅相成的同时,也让学生真正成为学习的主人;让作业形式多样、丰富有趣的同时,也让学生拥有更多作业选择自主权,让“双减”的落实真正成为“双质”的提升。

基于LSTM的超临界机翼抖振边界预测方法

超临界机翼的抖振对运输机的安全性和稳定性有着极大的影响,如何高效准确地确定抖振边界一直是备受关注的研究热点。针对CHN-T1型运输机标模,构建了一种基于长短时记忆(long short-term memory, LSTM)神经网络的超临界机翼抖振边界预测框架。根据CHN-T1标模的计算数据,设计了基于LSTM的气动力系数预测模型和抖振起始迎角判定模型,用于准确预测给定马赫数下气动力系数的变化趋势,并且实现了抖振起始迎角的快速判定;通过整合抖振起始迎角数据确定了CHN-T1标模的抖振边界,并用风洞试验数据验证了结果的准确性。研究结果显示,LSTM模型对气动力系数变化趋势有良好的预测能力,其均方根误差维持在2%以内;同时,在抖振起始迎角的判定方面表现出色,抖振边界的误差保持在2%以内。这些结果验证了该方法在抖振边界预测中的可靠性和准确性,为超临界机翼的抖振研究提供了有力支持。

桥梁气动外形改变对大跨桁梁桥抗风性能影响研究

随着交通业及旅游业的发展,近年来不断出现桥梁在满足其交通运输功能的前提下同时开发诸如旅游等方面的其他可利用功能,导致结构气动外形及透风率发生显著变化。该文以某主跨1088 m的双塔单跨钢桁架悬索桥为背景,通过全桥气弹模型风洞试验对其抗风性能进行重新评估,在研究结构抗风稳定性的前提下评估行人舒适度问题。结果表明:基于景区开发的桥梁气动外形改变前后结构动力特性几乎不变,且均未发生涡激振动及颤振等空气动力失稳;气动外形改变后结构横向及竖向的静风位移响应明显增大,在扭转方向二者存在一定差异但没有显著的规律性;基于景区开发的桥梁气动外形改变导致结构竖向抖振响应减小,但横向及扭转抖振响应均显著增大,经计算,结构舒适度满足设计要求。

CHN-T2标模跨声速抖振特性及雷诺数效应研究

新一代客机具有较高的巡航速度,跨声速抖振和雷诺数效应研究是其气动设计中的关键一环。采用基于k-ωSST湍流模型耦合延迟脱体涡模拟技术的高精度数值模拟方法,针对CHN-T2宽体客机气动标模开展了相关研究,并基于非定常计算明确了CHN-T2标模在巡航马赫数Ma=0.85、飞行雷诺数Re=5×10^(7)工况下的抖振始发迎角约为4.4°。结果表明,CHN-T2标模机翼在抖振超临界迎角下同时存在由激波弦向振荡主导的低频成分(St=0.0297)和由翼根尾缘复杂高压区主导的高频成分(St=0.314)。在雷诺数效应方面,从风洞实验雷诺数(Re=5×10^(6))到飞行雷诺数(Re=5×10^(7))巡航状态下,CHN-T2机翼激波位置后移约10%当地弦长,附面层高度降低1/2~1/10,进而引发升/阻力系数发生明显变化。升力系数和摩阻系数的雷诺数效应不随迎角改变,而压阻系数的雷诺数效应与迎角线性相关。同时,雷诺数变化会显著影响抖振非定常流场求解,过低的模拟雷诺数会导致激波振荡消失。