Seismic vulnerability assessment of urban buildings and traffic networks using fuzzy ordered weighted average

Urban buildings and urban traffic network are considered as the vital arteries of cities which have particular effects especially after the crisis in the search and rescue operations. The aim of this study is to determine the vulnerability of urban areas especially, buildings and traffic networks using multicriteria geographic information systems and decisionmaking methods. As there are many effective criteria on the seismic vulnerability that they have uncertain and vague properties, the method of this paper is applying fuzzy ordered weighted average(OWA) to model the seismic vulnerability of urban buildings and traffic networks in the most optimistic and pessimistic states. The study area is district 6 of Tehran that is affected by the four major faults, and thus will be threatened by the earthquakes. The achieved results illustrated the vulnerability with different degrees of risk levels including very high, high, medium, low and very low. The results show that in the most optimistic case 14% and in the pessimistic case 1% of buildings tolerate in very low vulnerability. The vulnerability of urban street network also indicates that in the optimistic case 12% and in the pessimistic case at most 9% of the area are in appropriate condition and the North and NorthEast of the study area are more vulnerable than South of it.

Design of Building Monitoring Systems Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network provides a potential technique for monitoring the indoor environment. This paper presents a Building Monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Networks. A clustering-based network specified for building monitoring is proposed, which is inspired by LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy) method. Further, two key ideas are used to implement the clustering-based network. First, the configuration module of building management software is used to conduct all nodes in a room forming a local cluster. This cluster formation method does not consume node energy. Second, because cluster-heads cannot directly transmit packets to the sink node due to limited wireless communication range, the cluster-head communications are represented by a multi-hop tree rooted at the sink node. The experiment has been made to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed results.

A WiFi-ZigBee Building Area Network Design of High Traffics AMI for Smart Grid

A WiFi-ZigBee hybrid BAN solution, namely WiZBAN, is proposed and implemented to cater for the development of high traffic AMI for smart grid application. It is important to highlight that the major challenge of WiZBAN is to handle the high density environment which results in heavy traffic loading and weak signal propagation. To overcome the captioned problem, Vertical Backbone Communication (VBC) and Horizontal Floor Communication (HFC) are defined for WiZBAN. The WiZBAN consists of WiZBAN Gateway (WiZGW), WiZBAN Meter Hub (WiZBAN) and WiZBAN In Home Display (WiZIHD) which caters for the smart grids services including smart metering and demand response. The WiZGW is the entrance of WiZBAN and connects WiZBAN to utilities. The WiZGW also teams up with WiZMH to enables VBC. On the other hand, WiZMH serves as the interception point of VBC and HFC. It interacts with smart meters and sets up the HFC together with WiZIHD to provide the user interface for end users. To shorten the transmission time, WiFi is adopted for VBC while ZigBee is applied to HCF to overcome the weak signal propagation. To investigate the performance of WiZBAN, a case study has been conducted based on an existing 23 floor residential building. From the measured and simulated results, the average round trip delay of demand response and smart metering are found to be 0.6 s and 9 s respectively.

ZTE to Build SDR Network for Portugal's Optimus

ZTE Corporation, a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, announced on February 24, 2010 that Optimus will be deploying its software define radio （SDR） multi-mode solution, enabling the operator to upgrade its GSM/UMTS network in Portugal and providing a smooth evolution path to LTE. ZTE＇s SDR network will include SDR RAN, network management system, and operation systems and software （NMS/OSS）, enabling Optimus to optimize current 2G/3G services and smoothly upgrade to LTE.

ZTE to Build IMS Core Network for China Mobile

ZTE Corporation, a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, announced on April 26, 2010 that it has been chosen by China Mobile to deliver its IMS core network in key Chinese provinces. The China Mobile＇ s commercial IMS network will boast 1.4 million lines when it is completed in three months. According to the comprehensive evaluation process by China Mobile, ZTE was ranked among the tier one IMS supplier group for the project this time.

Zapp Selects ZTE to Build 3G Network in Romania

ZTE, a leading global provide of telecommunications equipment and network sulutions, announced on May 29, 2008 that it has been selected by Zapp, Romania’s fourth largest mobile operator, to roll-out a WCDMA/HSDPA commercial network. This deal reinforces ZTE position in Europe. Zapp plans on launching its 3G commercial services in early autumn 2008 and the network should be completed by 2011.

ZTE Softswitch the Working Solution to Build the New Generation Network

ZTE Softswitch supports the interoperability and convergence oflegacy PSTN/ISDN, PLMN, IN, and the Internet, allowing operatorsor service providers to offer diversified services to any subscriber atany time on a ZTE Softswitch network.With powerful C4 and C5 features, ZTE Softswitch effectivelysolves the evolution problems in the existing networks, protectinglegacy network investment and reducing future investment to a prof-itable level for providers.

China Builds Optical Fibre Tele-trunk Network

In early 1995 China began to build eight optical fibre cable trunks, including the 4,532km-long Hangzhou-Fuzhou-Guiyang-Chengdu trunk in southern China, the 2,133km-long Beijing-Hohhot-Yinchuan-Lanzhou trunk in the northern part of the country, and the 3,000km-long Beijing-Wuhan-Guangzhou trunk across the country. They will be put into use by the end of the year, thus finalizing the construction of 22 A-

Improved Implementation and Evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks in Intelligent Building

A complete study for the implementation of wireless sensor networks in the intelligent building is presented. We carry out some experiments to find out the factors affecting the network performance. Several vital parameters which are related to the link quality are measured before deploying the actual system. And then, we propose an optimized routing protocol based on the analysis of the test data. We evaluate the deployment strategies to ensure the excellent performance of the wireless sensor networks under the real working conditions. And the evaluation results show that the presented system could satisfy the requirements of the applications in the intelligent building.

Neural Network Approach to Response of Buildings Due to Earthquake Excitation

The present article investigates the physical phenomena associated with the wave passage effect into a building considering the ground floor as the soft floor with the conformity of the up-to-date scenario of the construction of high rise buildings, due to shear excitation of the base. The aim of the study is to analyse the post-earthquake situation of the building in respect to its health. With this vision, the ensuing problem on two-dimensional building models, non-incorporating soil-structure interaction, is being tackled by both analytical and neural network approaches. Computational results from both ends (of the approaches) show that the wave energy does not always propagate from the ground into the building, but for lower frequency range it sails to the building without any disturbances. However, for higher frequency range, the computational results show that the building experiences large “torsional” deformations, as a result the building may collapse. Finally, both the approaches maintain a good agreement among themselves. The present investigation may lead to a long way in contributing to better and more rational, simplified design criteria.

Fault Diagnosis of an Intelligent Building Facility Using Bayesian Networks

There is great significance to diagnose the fault of an intelligent building facility for fault controlling, repairing, eliminating and preventing. As an example, this paper established a Bayesian networks model f or fault diagnosis of the refrigeration system of an intelligent building facility, gave the networks parameters, and analyzed the reasoning mechanism. Based on the model, some data was analyzed and diagnosed by adopting Bayesian networks reasoning platform GeNIe. The result shows that the diagnosis effect is more comprehensive and reasonable than the other method.

基于GM(1,1)-BP神经网络的建筑电力短期预测

随着国家“双碳”目标的提出,公共建筑节约能源愈发重要,建筑电力数据短期预测有助于合理调控用电。为此,提出一种结合灰色模型GM(1,1)和BP神经网络的组合预测模型。首先,通过灰色关联筛选数据,根据灰色模型仅需少量样本的优点,预测出短期内的用电数据;其次,将预测结果作为BP神经网络的输入变量,通过网络反向学习原始数据与GM(1,1)预测值的差值,提高模型的预测精度。以高校公共建筑用电数据为研究目标,通过组合模型预测下一阶段用电,并与4种预测模型进行比较。结果表明,该组合模型预测误差最小,准确性最高。

无线传感网络在智能建筑环境监测中的应用

随着我国建筑领域智能化、数字化的发展,无线传感网络的有效应用,可保证环境监测开展符合预期要求,并为建筑稳定以及长久使用提供保障。文章从无线传感网络特点的分析入手,分析了无线传感网络在智能建筑环境监测中的实践应用。

Privacy Preservation Scheme for Multicast Communications in Smart Buildings of the Smart Grid

Privacy preservation is a crucial issue for smart buildings where all kinds of messages, e.g., power usage data, control commands, events, alarms, etc. are transmitted to accomplish the management of power. Without appropriate privacy protection schemes, electricity customers are faced with various privacy risks. Meanwhile, the natures of smart grids and smart buildings—such as having limited computation power of smart devices and constraints in communication network capabilities, while requiring being highly reliable—make privacy preservation a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a group key scheme to safeguard multicast privacy with the provisions of availability, fault-tolerance, and efficiency in the context of smart buildings as a part the smart grid. In particular, hybrid architecture accommodating both centralized and contributory modes is constructed in order to achieve both fault-tolerance and efficiency with only one set of group key installed. Key trees are sophisticatedly managed to reduce the number of exponentiation operations. In addition, an individual rekeying scheme is introduced for occasional joining and leaving of member smart meters. Experimental results, on a simulation platform, show that our scheme is able to provide significant performance gains over state-of-the-art methods while effectively preserving the participants’ privacy.

Traffic Scheduling Mechanism Based on Interference Avoidance for Meter Data Collection in Wireless Smart Grid Communication Networks

Meter Data Collection Building Area Network(MDCBAN) deployed in high rises is playing an increasingly important role in wireless multi-hop smart grid meter data collection. Recently, increasingly numerous application layer data traffic makes MDCBAN be facing serious communication pressure. In addition, large density of meter data collection devices scattered in the limited geographical space of high rises results in obvious communication interference. To solve these problems, a traffic scheduling mechanism based on interference avoidance for meter data collection in MDCBAN is proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of network topology are analyzed and the corresponding traffic distribution model is proposed. Next, a wireless multi-channel selection scheme for different Floor Gateways and a single-channel time unit assignment scheme for data collection devices in the same Floor Network are proposed to avoid interference. At last, a data balanced traffic scheduling algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that balanced traffic distribution and highly efficient and reliable data transmission can be achieved on the basis of effective interference avoidance between data collection devices.

Technical Design for Holistic Wireless Communication in Smart Buildings

This paper presents the design of a wireless building monitoring network implemented at the University of Nottingham's Creative Energy Homes test site.The network is installed in seven smart buildings with the aim of holistically collecting energy data.Data will be used to inform a central control algorithm to optimise the energy flows between buildings,in turn promoting the smart cities concept.Sensors and meters measuring temperature,humidity,CO_2,heat energy,power,and stratified tank temperature are described.Furthermore,the communication protocols utilised are also discussed,which include wireless MBus and EnOcean.This paper also covers the methods used for ensuring the reliability of data signals and the system controls.

Synthesis,Structure Characterization and Photoluminescence of a Novel Complex with(6,4,4)-Network [Ce_2(2,5-pydc)_3(H_2O)_2](2,5-pydc = Pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic Acid)

A new three-dimensional supramolecular [Ce2（2,5-pydc）3（H2O）2]（1） has been hydrothermally synthesized at 180 ℃ and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.X-ray crystal analyses reveal that the compound belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/c,C21H13Ce2N3O14,a = 6.561（1）,b = 17.986（5）,c = 9.411（3） ,β = 95.558（5）° and Z = 2.In the structure of 1,each Ce（1） center is surrounded by 2,5-pydc ligands,forming the 6-connected node,and the 2,5-pydc ligand coordinates to the Ce（Ⅲ） in two different coordination modes.In mode 1,the four oxygen atoms of two carboxyl groups connect neighboring Ce（Ⅲ） ions,giving 4-connected（4-c） second building unit（SBU-1）.Furthermore,the structure is extended into a 2-D layer from SBU-1 by sharing Ce（1） atoms.In mode 2,the ligand coordinates to the Ce（Ⅲ） ion from the adjacent chain with the 4-connected（4-c） second building unit（SBU-2）,generating a 1-D ladder from SBU-2 by sharing Ce（1） atoms.Finally,the structure is extended into a 6,4,4-c network.Its photoluminescence property was also investigated.

Multimodality image registration and fusion using neural network

Multimodality image registration and fusion are essential steps in building 3-D models from remotesensing data. We present in this paper a neural network technique for the registration and fusion of multimodali-ty remote sensing data for the reconstruction of 3-D models of terrain regions. A FeedForward neural network isused to fuse the intensity data sets with the spatial data set after learning its geometry. Results on real data arepresented. Human performance evaluation is assessed on several perceptual tests in order to evaluate the fusionresults.

“4·29”特别重大房屋倒塌事件舆情主题聚类及演化研究

研究房屋倒塌突发事件舆情主题及演化规律,可为应急主管部门引导和调控舆情提供实践指导。以长沙“4·29”特别重大房屋倒塌事件为对象,收集新浪微博平台上事件发生后8 d内的网民评论,运用词频逆文本频率(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency,TF IDF)算法提取关键词,计算共现频率并刻画共现网络关系,耦合困惑度与K均值聚类(K Means)算法进行舆情主题聚类;采用对应分析方法,识别舆情主题的相关性,探究舆情主题随时间的热度变化趋势,揭示房屋倒塌事件舆情主题演化规律。结果表明:通过聚类得到的7个舆情主题依据相关性可耦合为救援善后T_(1)、调查追究T_(2)、安全防范T_(3)三大主题;以流言传播、官方召开发布会为最佳节点,将舆情传播划分为演化特征不同的前期、中期和后期。其中,前期主题T_(1)占优,中期主题T_(2)、T_(3)占优,后期主题T_(1)再次占优。通过类比分析化工爆炸事件舆情演化特征,验证了主题T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)对突发公共事件舆情演变起关键作用,满足公众对主题T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)的信息诉求是舆情平缓的关键。研究成果可为类似突发公共事件舆情治理提供参考。