Structural patterns of land types and optimal allocation of land use in Qinling Mountains

The case study based on Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province of China, in virtue of the information from TM image, classifies the land types and analyzes their spatial and temporal differential law, and puts forward three structural patterns of land types in mountainous areas, namely, spatial, quantitative and qualitative structures of mountainous land types. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the analysis of structural patterns can disclose the heterogeneity and orderliness of combination of land types, which can lay the theoretic foundation for comprehensively recognizing ecological characteristics and succession law of structure and function of land types. After the all-around comparative analysis, an optimal allocation of land use in Qinling Mountains has been put forward according to the principle of sustainable development and landscape ecology, which can lay the scientific foundation in practice for the structural adjustment and distribution optimization from the macro level to micro level.

Spatial Allocation of Land Use in Luodeli Village,Luquan County,Yunnan Province from the Perspective of Rural Complex

Conceptually,rural complex is actually a comprehensive sustainable development model for new agricultural and rural areas across industries and functions.From the perspective of rural complex,combined with the actual case of Idyllic Orient in Yangshan,Wuxi,the first rural complex in China,this paper analyzes the current benefits of relevant projects.Considering the basic situation of Luodeli Village in Luquan County,Yunnan Province,the direction,development model and spatial allocation of land use are initially determined.Finally,the overall development path is proposed for Luodeli Village in Luquan County,in order to provide some ideas for its next development.

Agricultural Land Use Optimal Allocation System in Developing Area:Application to Yili Watershed, Xinjiang Region

In developing countries, land productivity involves little market, where the agricultural land use is mainly determined by the food demands as well as the land suitability. The land use pattern will not ensure everywhere enough land for certain cropping if spatial allocation just according to land use suitability. To solve this problem, a subzone and a pre-allocation for each land use are added in spatial allocation module, and land use suitability and area optimi- zation module are incorporated to constitute a whole agricultural land use optimal allocation （ALUOA） system. The system is developed on the platform .Net 2005 using ArcGIS Engine （version 9.2） and C# language, and is tested and validated in Yili watershed of Xinjiang Region on the newly reclaimed area. In the case study, with the help of soil data obtained from 69 points sampled in the fieldwork in 2008, main river data supplied by the Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, and temperature data provided by Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, land use suitability on eight common crops are evaluated one by one using linear weighted summation method in the land use suitability model. The linear pro- gramming （LP） model in area optimization model succeeds to give out land area target of each crop under three scenarios. At last, the land use targets are allotted in space both with a six subzone file and without a subzone file. The resuits show that the land use maps with a subzone not only ensure every part has enough land for every crop, but also gives a more fragmental land use pattern, with about 87.99% and 135.92% more patches than the one without, while at the expense of loss between 15.30% and 19.53% in the overall suitability at the same time.

A Study on the Allocation of New Construction Land Use Indicators in Huai'an City

This paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the characteristics and influencing factors of regional allocation of new construction land use indicators,and determines the primary indicators from social,economic,external and internal factors.Using Delphi method and correlation analysis,this paper selects indicators and establishes evaluation indicator system.Using entropy method and AHP,this paper determines the weight of indicators,rationally allocates new construction land,and uses the actual data in Huai'an City for case studies,so as to provide a reference for land use planning.In addition,this paper makes a comparative analysis on the land use internal factors as important factors,in order to make the weight assigning more in line with the actual situation of construction land in Huai'an.

Optimal allocation of land resources in the process of economic development

In this paper,the writer uses a mathematical model to analyze:a theoretical model of land resources optimal allocation with the constraint of sustainable development;equilibrium and defects of land resources allocation in a competitive market;and how effective governmental supervision can change the equilibrium in the market and promote the optimization of land resources allocation.The main points of this paper are:continuous and excessive conversions that change land resources from agricultural use to non-agricultural use in the process of economic development are economic rules;a competitive market is an important way to improve the efficiency of land resources allocation;effective governmental supervision can cover the shortage of market and promote the optimization of land resources allocation;a reasonable arrangement of land property rights can reduce the transaction costs of government management in optimizing land resources allocation;and,the targets of land resources optimal allocation are developing along with economic development.

Regional Differences and Optimal Allocation of Cultivated Land Utilization Benefits Based on Improved TOPSIS Method:A Case Study of Guangxi

Taking 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi as an object,this paper explored the difference of cultivated land utilization efficiency in Guangxi,comprehensively evaluated the economic,social,and ecological aspects,and analyzed the regional differences in cultivated land use efficiency in Guangxi from 2005 to 2018 based on the improved TOPSIS method.By studying the quantitative change trends and spatial differences of the utilization benefit of cultivated land resources in Guangxi,it came up with recommendations for optimizing the allocation of cultivated land from the quantity and quality of cultivated land.It is intended to provide a scientific and theoretical reference for improving the use efficiency of cultivated land in Guangxi.

Agricultural Machinery Input,Labor Resource Allocation,and Rural Household Land Transfers

This paper explores the impact of agricultural machinery input on rural households’land transfers,which is conducive to the acceleration of agricultural modernization,agricultural production at scale,and rural revitalization.By using the micro-data on rural households(2014–2018)from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),we made an empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers and drew three conclusions.First,agricultural machinery input has a positive impact on land transfers,which means the more rural households invest in agricultural machinery,the more willing they are to participate in land transfers.Second,the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers is mainly exerted by adjusting the allocation of labor resources for rural households,or rather by increasing the number of farmers engaged in agriculture and reducing the number of farmers-turned traders and workers to facilitate land transfers.Third,the impact of agricultural machinery input on land transfers concerns both the positive transfers-in and the negative transfers-out,and such an impact stays stable across income groups.Accordingly,we should further increase agricultural machinery-related subsidies,improve the agricultural machinery service outsourcing market,and help rural households to reasonably allocate their labor resource endowments and invest in agricultural machinery to increase land transfers.

Study on ecological and economic effects of land and water resources allocation in Sanjiang Plain

The pattern of groundwater usage and industrial development in the Sanjiang Plain remains a concern of Chinese government. In accordance with the Water Conservancy Planning of the Sanjiang Plain, this paper presents a Sanjiang Plain resources allocation model which is established to be used in controlling water, land, ecology and economy in consideration of 50%-level and 75%-level years, planting structure adjustment, industry development by 2020, and different transit water exploitation schemes. Lingo10 global optimization has been adopted in solving the model. The results show that by 2020 the output of three industries will increase to a certain degree, the grain yields will satisfy state demand, and regional service value will decrease dramatically. Such results provide theoretical basis and practical significance for instructing the development and exploitation of the Sanjiang Plain.

Interregional compensation for farmland protection:From the perspective of farmland allocation optimization

Interregional compensation for farmland protection(IRCFP)is a policy instrument for encouraging farmland protection through interregional fiscal transfer payments.Previous practices and studies on IRCFP have generally determined the payers and recipients of compensation based on the present distribution of farmland,and the compensation standards did not combine farmland development right value with farmland deficit and surplus,resulting in insignificant effects on farmland protection and even policy failure.Therefore,in this study,we proposed an interregional compensation mechanism for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization by considering 31 provincial-level regions in China.The results showed that(1)the determination of farmland surplus or deficit areas based on farmland allocation optimization met the regional construction land demand from the perspective of achieving food security.(2)The combination of the compensation value standard and cropland deficit and surplus had a positive effect on farmland protection.(3)Interregional compensation for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization can coordinate economic development,farmland protection,and ecological conservation.Finally,we discussed the rationality of interregional compensation for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization and designed the operation mechanism of IRCFP.

Project of “Three Networks Greening” based on optimal allocation in the Yellow River Delta,China (Dongying section)

We have used the Yellow River Delta （Dongying section） as our study area to address the project of ＂Three Networks Greening＂ （TNG）. With the use of GIS technology and from an ecological point of view, an optimal allocation scheme of land resources is constructed and applied to guide the adjustment of land resources. Given this scheme, we have calculated that the area of land suitable for forest and shrubs without greening is 2256 km^2. Simultaneously, acting on the layout of the TNG project, afforestation site types are prepared and improved. Soil types, microrelief, salinity and underwater levels are combined as major classification factors and irrigation conditions as a reference to classify sites into eight types. In this way, land suitable for forest and grass is afforested given particular planting patterns. Finally, by overlaying this forestry site type map with the TNG plan map, some suggestions and strategies are proposed and used to direct the TNG project. An ecological oasis of the Yellow River Delta should be the result.

黄河流域(山东段)工业用地错配时空格局与应对策略

以黄河流域(山东段)9个设区市所辖77个区县为研究单元,利用2011—2020年山东省供地信息库中的工业用地供应数据,以及同期工业经济统计数据,分析黄河流域(山东段)工业用地供应与工业利润总额时空变化特征,通过空间错配指数分析工业用地错配时空格局,并从科学配置、存量挖潜、提质增效和层级协同4个方面提出应对策略。研究对于实现黄河流域(山东段)土地资源高效利用与聚集区域高质量发展具有重要意义。

创新配置土地要素保障新质生产力发展:理论逻辑、基本模式与路径机制

研究目的:剖析土地要素保障新质生产力发展的理论逻辑,挖掘新质生产力发展对土地要素的需求,探讨创新配置土地要素保障新质生产力发展的实施路径与实现机制。研究方法:文献研究法,综合分析法。研究结果:(1)土地要素保障新质生产力发展遵循生产要素创新配置促进新质生产力发展的科技创新逻辑、新质生产力产业结构与用地结构相适应的结构演进逻辑、土地要素需求侧和供给侧结构性匹配的市场竞争逻辑、新质生产力需要适配新型生产关系的机制保障逻辑;(2)新质生产力发展可以具象化为4类基本模式,数字虚拟化生产模式需要数字产业支撑空间、特殊需求保障空间和宜居宜工复合空间,绿色低碳化生产模式需要循环利用生产空间、清洁能源供给空间和产业污染处理空间,智能制造化生产模式需要集约高效生产空间、灵活动态调整空间和多维功能融合空间,网络链接化生产模式需要物流仓储配送空间、自由功能组团空间和多元主体共享空间;(3)创新配置土地要素需要以数量精准保障新质生产力需求、以空间统筹协调新质生产力布局、以时序动态适应新质生产力变化,并以规划引导机制、市场决定机制和社会共治机制保障新质生产力发展。研究结论:创新配置土地要素是保障新质生产力在空间上落位的关键,更是优化新质生产力布局的重要手段。在发展新质生产力的过程中需要充分深化新质生产力的内涵认知,在复杂性、多变性和动态性发展过程中不断细化生产模式,精准识别不同生产模式的具体实际需求,才能持续优化创新配置土地要素的实施路径与实现机制,从而有效打通发展新质生产力的堵点卡点,推进新质生产力的蓬勃发展。

考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置

针对水土资源空间不匹配、水资源总量不足及土地资源利用程度不高等问题,以二元水循环理论为基础,构建考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置模型。该模型包括产水模块、水土联合配置模块和土地模拟模块,以GDP最大和基于生态绿当量的区域植被覆盖率(EGE-RVC)最高为目标函数,并提出了一种耦合约束法、逐次逼近法和非线性规划的三层嵌套算法进行求解。以河南省洛阳市为例对模型和方法进行验证,结果表明,洛阳市可利用水量增加了4463万m^(3),GDP提高了12.5%,EGE-RVC增加了2.6%,各用地类型缺水率不同程度下降。研究成果能够为区域水土资源优化配置研究提供新的思路和技术参考。

农地资源市场配置法律机制的完善

我国以土地承包经营权和土地经营权为基础的农地市场配置的法律机制,既存在市场机制的固有缺陷,也存在农村集体经济组织和集体土地所有权缺位的特定性局限。为实现市场对农地资源的有效配置,需充分发挥农村集体经济组织的民事治理作用和政府的市场管理与调控作用。应当完善农地市场民事法律机制,明确农村集体经济组织介入农户承包地经营权流转的法律地位和权利,扩大农村集体经济组织流转土地经营权的范围,完善农村集体经济组织的监督权利。应当完善对农地市场的管理调控法律机制,更好地发挥政府在农地用途管制、农业补贴政策和价格调控、产业政策引导、健全市场服务体系以及营造良好市场环境等方面的作用。

城市土地要素配置扭曲与产业结构升级研究

在当前要素市场化改革背景下,土地作为最基本的要素单元,其市场化配置程度以及对产业结构升级的影响,深刻影响着经济的高质量发展,对于加快完善社会主义市场经济体制具有重大意义。本文在构建土地要素配置扭曲模型基础上,测算了全国105个城市的土地要素配置扭曲值,并采用工具变量法分析2000—2019年全国以及三个经济圈城市土地要素配置扭曲程度对产业结构升级的影响。结果显示,土地要素在工业和服务业部门间的配置扭曲值近年来趋缓,且不同区域间存在异质性;土地要素配置扭曲不利于产业结构升级,而且长三角和珠三角经济圈土地要素扭曲配置对产业结构升级的负面影响,在2008年金融危机后逐渐变强,说明现行城市建设用地配置不仅存在效率低下问题,还进一步制约了产业升级的步伐。为加快产业结构升级,地方政府应转变“以地谋发展”的方式,完善土地要素市场化配置运行机制,因地制宜地优化城市用地供应结构。

先进制造业发展与工业地价变化:基于土地要素市场化配置的视角

本研究分析推进新质生产力发展背景下,地方政府从“竞次策略”向发展先进制造业的“竞优策略”转变中,工业用地市场化水平提升对工业地价理性回归的影响。研究采用面板回归模型和中介效应分析,以浙江省为研究区域。研究结果表明:随着以地谋发展模式逐渐衰竭,低价引资生税的竞次策略失灵,工业地价即使越低,也无法带来更多的投资与税收;先进制造业用地出让占比提高显著促进了工业地价理性回归;工业用地市场化水平提升是先进制造业发展的潜在影响机制,先进制造业选址更看重公开透明的市场环境。研究为分析土地要素市场化配置的影响效应提供理论与事实贡献,弥补了新质生产力发展背景下先进制造业与工业地价关联的研究不足。

劳动力流动能够影响农地资源配置效率吗?——来自全国农村固定观察点调查的证据

农地资源配置效率直接关系到现代化农业强国目标的实现,劳动力流动在其中发挥着重要影响。基于2009—2015年全国农村固定观察点数据,运用工具变量法识别劳动力流动对农地资源配置效率的影响。结果表明,劳动力流动能提高农地资源配置效率,这主要来源于土地过度配置时农户劳动力流动,而土地配置不足时这一效应消失。机制检验证实,劳动力流动通过土地流转和农业机械化机制,提高农地资源配置效率,但未发现资本回流机制发挥作用。因此,应破除劳动力流动的体制障碍,完善土地经营权流转服务体系和加快农机装备的推广应用,以优化农村土地资源配置和推进农业现代化发展。

工业用地市场化配置的降碳效应与作用路径研究

本文探索在碳减排治理新阶段,工业用地要素市场化配置对地区降碳效应的影响,为深化要素市场化配置提供参考。文章基于全国30个省域2009—2020年的碳排放数据,采用双固定模型检验工业用地市场化配置对地区降碳效应的影响及作用机制。结果表明,工业用地市场化配置显著促进地区降碳效应,经过一系列稳健性检验后结果仍然成立;能源强度与能源消费结构低碳化水平对降碳效应产生正向调节作用,强化工业用地市场化配置对降碳效应的促进作用,资本错配会对降碳效应产生负向调节作用,弱化二者之间的促进作用;工业用地市场化配置对降碳效应在北方和低工业化水平地区的促进效应更显著;进一步分析发现,工业用地市场化配置显著抑制地区污染物排放水平,工业用地出让价格扭曲和工业用地出让面积增加均会抑制地区降碳效应,工业用地招拍挂出让方式显著促进降碳效应。为进一步落实碳减排目标,应提高工业用地要素市场化配置程度,充分发挥市场机制,适当弱化政府干预,最大化工业用地市场化配置政策的动态性和延续性对地区长期降碳效应的促进作用。

农地确权的政策效果“事与愿违”吗?——基于农户异质性的因果效应评估

农地确权的政策效果及其对农户生计决策与福祉的影响,已有的实证研究看法不一。已有研究的一般假设是政策干预与农户对政策的响应是随机的,而我国的农地确权试点区域与试点时间均具有非随机的政策选择性,因而农户的应对决策并非随机。因此,已有研究的随机性假设需要加以检视。使用非参数匹配因果推断,全面估计农地确权对农户六类资源配置决策和福祉的影响,并分别从政策设计与实施的供给侧角度和农户面对政策变化调整其决策的需求侧角度,揭示已有实证研究结果不一致的原因。研究发现,在农业生产资料投入、劳动力向非农部门转移和获得正式贷款方面,确权政策的“顶层设计”与农户决策相匹配,有助于农户据此进行专业化分工与生产,政策效果虽然边际递减,但没有出现不一致现象。在土地流转方面,政策供给侧的选择偏差使农户流转土地的谈判交易成本上升33.3%,时间交易成本上升1.45倍;政策需求侧的农户应对行为使流转土地的谈判交易成本上升3.1倍,时间交易成本上升27.8%。供给侧与需求侧的双向偏差,加上确权的赋权增量非常有限,使政策效果与政策预期不一致,但这并不意味着确权是可有可无的,而是说明人们对确权效果的预期存在一定偏误。

互联网使用对农户优化生产要素配置的影响——基于CFPS数据的实证分析

本文通过建立一个典型农户模型,从理论上推导互联网使用对农户生产要素配置决策的影响机制,并基于2014—2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,使用联立方程模型进一步实证检验互联网使用在农户非农就业、土地流转和风险投资方面的作用。研究结果表明,互联网使用对农户生产要素配置决策的影响是逐步递进的,总体而言能够促进农户参与非农就业、土地流转和风险投资,且该影响主要通过提升农户生产组织水平和增加农户信息获取渠道两条途径得以实现。同时,互联网使用对所在地区、经济状况和土地稳定性不同的农户的生产要素配置表现出差异化影响效果,因此可以根据农户各自特征优化其生产要素配置决策,从而改善农户收入状况。