In this work, a survey is used to investigate the current energy performance for Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (previously Faculty of Engineering) at Taibah University in Medina city. The results of the survey s...In this work, a survey is used to investigate the current energy performance for Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (previously Faculty of Engineering) at Taibah University in Medina city. The results of the survey show that several factors affect the energy performance in this building. It revealed that the building has been poorly designed from the point of view of thermal performance. Therefore, the building energy consumption needs to be monitored and maintained through energy auditing program. To determine the energy profile, the power consumption was calculated;the cooling load was estimated and analyzed to know the actual capacity required. The level of comfort in the building has been evaluated. Against the installed air conditioning capacity of 200-ton refrigeration, the cooling load calculations showed that the maximum cooling load needed, which is in August is only 83.22-ton refrigeration. In addition, illumination levels were measured and compared to the standard levels. Based on obtained results, two solutions were proposed: to install a building management system with approximate cost of 337,904 SR and to replace the existing chiller. Finally, the payback period for the proposed system has been estimated and found to be about 5.4 years.展开更多
In order to attain the best energy efficiency in an industrial plant, an energy audit is a prerequisite process for identifying the general energy consumption condition and to hence identify the measures that need to ...In order to attain the best energy efficiency in an industrial plant, an energy audit is a prerequisite process for identifying the general energy consumption condition and to hence identify the measures that need to be taken to save the cost of excessive energy consumed and later to retrofit the faults that were observed. The case study presented in this paper is a medium industry plant located in Hebron. The audit methodology, observation, and audit results will be presented and discussed with the recommendation drawn.展开更多
The meat processing industry, due to its high energy consumption, needs to be assessed in an energy usage basis. This paper reports the results and implications of an energy audit in a meat processing industry. In add...The meat processing industry, due to its high energy consumption, needs to be assessed in an energy usage basis. This paper reports the results and implications of an energy audit in a meat processing industry. In addition, this work provides a comprehensive and practical approach to energy saving measures in the assessed company to recognize factors that can determine a possible transition to sustainable patterns of electricity consumption. The paper described the application to energy auditing, developed by AFNOR (2014) for efficient energy management along with ISO 50001 (energy management systems). For a more specific energy auditing the guide described by Dall “O” (2013) was used. In this case, a study of an integrative characterization of the company’s energy consumption is made. The research has been divided in two main sections: the first includes an analysis about the characterization of the energy consumption within a meat processing company in the three sustainable approaches such as economical, societal and mainly environmental implications;second, a proposal for strategic energy management measures focusing on high consumer types of facilities. The results obtained allow the identification of main processes with significant correlations in terms of energy consumption within the company. This data has the potential for energy savings. The data acquisition process prompts the development of practical and accessible energy efficiency measures. In addition, a benchmarking analysis with several tools is performed. Altogether, this work gives guidance on the implementation of energy auditing in industries within its geographical and industrial sector limitations.展开更多
Improving the energy performance of buildings will prove vital for countries worldwide to reduce their energy consumption and emissions.A key player in reaching this goal is building automation and control,as having w...Improving the energy performance of buildings will prove vital for countries worldwide to reduce their energy consumption and emissions.A key player in reaching this goal is building automation and control,as having well-designed and operated building automation and control systems(BACS)provide large capabilities in optimizing the energy performance of different systems.In this regard,building owners and planners must be able to assess and evaluate the current status of their BACS and identify potential improvements.While there has been a large block of work done in Denmark along with regulations aiming to audit the overall building performance and individual systems characteristics,very little has been done in the field of auditing the building automation and control system and evaluating its structure and operation patterns.This lack of systematic BACS auditing and evaluation in Danish buildings is addressed in this work with the first implementation and evaluation of the eu.bac System methodology in a university office building.The building was found to comply with the lowest automation and control class E.Two BACS retrofit packages were proposed and evaluated,and energy savings up to 28.5%are reported.The preliminary assessment results reported demonstrate the potential of building automation and control retrofit measures in a combined holistic improvement package alongside building envelope upgrade.In addition,the impact of the eu.bac System improvements and labeling on the building’s classification based on the recent Danish building regulation BR18 is evaluated.The study discusses the feasibility of eu.bac System tool implementation in Danish buildings and suggests improvements.It also correlates and compares the eu.bac System audit to the upcoming European SRI instrument.In light of the huge efforts to digitalize the Danish energy sector,ensuring proper design and operation of BACS is of great importance.Thus,a systematic and methodical BACS auditing and evaluation methodology will be a crucial part of buildings’initial and retro-commissioning platforms.展开更多
Building retrofit procedures play a crucial role in improving the energy performance and economic indicators of a building.In this context,an energy audit is typically recommended,but it is seldom used as a comprehens...Building retrofit procedures play a crucial role in improving the energy performance and economic indicators of a building.In this context,an energy audit is typically recommended,but it is seldom used as a comprehensive approach due to the complexity and associated costs.This article aims to conduct a holistic energy audit approach for a university building in Malaysia,with the objective of diagnosing energy efficiency deficiencies,identifying areas of energy waste and proposing practical retrofit measures accordingly.The approach involved multiple stages,including measurements,surveys and simulation work.Eight energy-saving measures were proposed,targeting improvements in envelope elements,cooling and lighting systems,and operation and control.The Design-Builder software was utilized for energy simulation,assessing the annual energy savings.Economic evaluation indices,such as net present value and simple payback period,were used to assess the economic feasibility of the measures.The results demonstrated significant potential for energy reduction,with each measure achieving annual energy reductions ranging from 2%to 18%,and a cumulative im-pact of 41%on annual energy consumption when combined.The investment payback period for the energy-saving measures varied from 0.8 to 8.9 years,with a payback period of 3.9 years for the combined energy-saving measures.Furthermore,the net present value was positive,indicating the economic feasibility of investing in the proposed energy-saving measures.These findings provide valu-able energy-saving opportunities that can be applied to improve similar buildings on the university campus.展开更多
文摘In this work, a survey is used to investigate the current energy performance for Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (previously Faculty of Engineering) at Taibah University in Medina city. The results of the survey show that several factors affect the energy performance in this building. It revealed that the building has been poorly designed from the point of view of thermal performance. Therefore, the building energy consumption needs to be monitored and maintained through energy auditing program. To determine the energy profile, the power consumption was calculated;the cooling load was estimated and analyzed to know the actual capacity required. The level of comfort in the building has been evaluated. Against the installed air conditioning capacity of 200-ton refrigeration, the cooling load calculations showed that the maximum cooling load needed, which is in August is only 83.22-ton refrigeration. In addition, illumination levels were measured and compared to the standard levels. Based on obtained results, two solutions were proposed: to install a building management system with approximate cost of 337,904 SR and to replace the existing chiller. Finally, the payback period for the proposed system has been estimated and found to be about 5.4 years.
文摘In order to attain the best energy efficiency in an industrial plant, an energy audit is a prerequisite process for identifying the general energy consumption condition and to hence identify the measures that need to be taken to save the cost of excessive energy consumed and later to retrofit the faults that were observed. The case study presented in this paper is a medium industry plant located in Hebron. The audit methodology, observation, and audit results will be presented and discussed with the recommendation drawn.
文摘The meat processing industry, due to its high energy consumption, needs to be assessed in an energy usage basis. This paper reports the results and implications of an energy audit in a meat processing industry. In addition, this work provides a comprehensive and practical approach to energy saving measures in the assessed company to recognize factors that can determine a possible transition to sustainable patterns of electricity consumption. The paper described the application to energy auditing, developed by AFNOR (2014) for efficient energy management along with ISO 50001 (energy management systems). For a more specific energy auditing the guide described by Dall “O” (2013) was used. In this case, a study of an integrative characterization of the company’s energy consumption is made. The research has been divided in two main sections: the first includes an analysis about the characterization of the energy consumption within a meat processing company in the three sustainable approaches such as economical, societal and mainly environmental implications;second, a proposal for strategic energy management measures focusing on high consumer types of facilities. The results obtained allow the identification of main processes with significant correlations in terms of energy consumption within the company. This data has the potential for energy savings. The data acquisition process prompts the development of practical and accessible energy efficiency measures. In addition, a benchmarking analysis with several tools is performed. Altogether, this work gives guidance on the implementation of energy auditing in industries within its geographical and industrial sector limitations.
基金supported by the BuildCOM project,funded by the Danish Energy Agency under the Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Program(EUDP),ID number:64019-0081.
文摘Improving the energy performance of buildings will prove vital for countries worldwide to reduce their energy consumption and emissions.A key player in reaching this goal is building automation and control,as having well-designed and operated building automation and control systems(BACS)provide large capabilities in optimizing the energy performance of different systems.In this regard,building owners and planners must be able to assess and evaluate the current status of their BACS and identify potential improvements.While there has been a large block of work done in Denmark along with regulations aiming to audit the overall building performance and individual systems characteristics,very little has been done in the field of auditing the building automation and control system and evaluating its structure and operation patterns.This lack of systematic BACS auditing and evaluation in Danish buildings is addressed in this work with the first implementation and evaluation of the eu.bac System methodology in a university office building.The building was found to comply with the lowest automation and control class E.Two BACS retrofit packages were proposed and evaluated,and energy savings up to 28.5%are reported.The preliminary assessment results reported demonstrate the potential of building automation and control retrofit measures in a combined holistic improvement package alongside building envelope upgrade.In addition,the impact of the eu.bac System improvements and labeling on the building’s classification based on the recent Danish building regulation BR18 is evaluated.The study discusses the feasibility of eu.bac System tool implementation in Danish buildings and suggests improvements.It also correlates and compares the eu.bac System audit to the upcoming European SRI instrument.In light of the huge efforts to digitalize the Danish energy sector,ensuring proper design and operation of BACS is of great importance.Thus,a systematic and methodical BACS auditing and evaluation methodology will be a crucial part of buildings’initial and retro-commissioning platforms.
基金The authors would like to thank the maintenance department(Pejabat Harta Bina)and express their appreciation for the assistance received from the E07 block staff at the College of Mechanical Engineering at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)during the survey and measurement processes.Lastly,the authors would like to acknowledge and appreciate the support provided by UTM.
文摘Building retrofit procedures play a crucial role in improving the energy performance and economic indicators of a building.In this context,an energy audit is typically recommended,but it is seldom used as a comprehensive approach due to the complexity and associated costs.This article aims to conduct a holistic energy audit approach for a university building in Malaysia,with the objective of diagnosing energy efficiency deficiencies,identifying areas of energy waste and proposing practical retrofit measures accordingly.The approach involved multiple stages,including measurements,surveys and simulation work.Eight energy-saving measures were proposed,targeting improvements in envelope elements,cooling and lighting systems,and operation and control.The Design-Builder software was utilized for energy simulation,assessing the annual energy savings.Economic evaluation indices,such as net present value and simple payback period,were used to assess the economic feasibility of the measures.The results demonstrated significant potential for energy reduction,with each measure achieving annual energy reductions ranging from 2%to 18%,and a cumulative im-pact of 41%on annual energy consumption when combined.The investment payback period for the energy-saving measures varied from 0.8 to 8.9 years,with a payback period of 3.9 years for the combined energy-saving measures.Furthermore,the net present value was positive,indicating the economic feasibility of investing in the proposed energy-saving measures.These findings provide valu-able energy-saving opportunities that can be applied to improve similar buildings on the university campus.
