Performance of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Cogeneration Units Influenced by Heating Network Terminal Steam Parameters

The determination of source-side extracted heating parameters is of great significance to the economic operation of cogeneration systems.This paper investigated the coupling performance of a cogeneration heating and power system multidimensionally based on the operating characteristics of the cogeneration units,the hydraulic and thermodynamic characteristics of the heating network,and the energy loads.Taking a steam network supported by a gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration system as the research case,the interaction effect among the source-side prime movers,the heating networks,and the terminal demand thermal parameters were investigated based on the designed values,the plant testing data,and the validated simulation.The operating maps of the gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration units were obtained using THERMOFLEX,and the minimum source-side steam parameters of the steam network were solved using an inverse solution procedure based on the hydro-thermodynamic coupling model.The cogeneration operating maps indicate that the available operating domain considerably narrows with the rise of the extraction steam pressure and flow rate.The heating network inverse solution demonstrates that the source-side steam pressure and temperature can be optimized from the originally designed 1.11 MPa and 238.8°C to 1.074 MPa and 191.15°C,respectively.Under the operating strategy with the minimum source-side heating parameters,the power peak regulation depth remarkably increases to 18.30%whereas the comprehensive thermal efficiency decreases.The operation under the minimum source-side heating steam parameters can be superior to the originally designed one in the economy at a higher price of the heating steam.At a fuel price of$0.38/kg and the power to fuel price of 0.18 kg/(kW·h),the critical price ratio of heating steam to fuel is 119.1 kg/t.The influence of the power-fuel price ratio on the economic deviation appears relatively weak.

Biomass Combined Heat and Power Generation for Anticosti Island: A Case Study

Combined heat and power (CHP) plants (co-generation plants) using biomass as fuel, can be an interesting alternative to the predominant electrical heating in Canada. The biomass-fueled boiler provides heat for the steam cycle which in turn generates electricity from the generator connected to the steam turbine. In addition, heat from the process is supplied to a district heating system. The heat can be extracted from the system in a number of ways, by using a back-pressure steam turbine, an extraction steam turbine or by extracting heat directly from the boiler. The objective of the paper is the design, modeling and simulation of such CHP plant. The plant should be sized for providing electric-ity and heat for the Anticosti Island community in Quebec.

Research on a simulated 60 kW PEMFC cogeneration system for domestic application

The electrical and thermal performances of a simulated 60 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) cogeneration system are first analyzed and then strategies to make the system operation stable and efficient are developed. The system configuration is described first, and then the power response and coordination strategy are presented on the basis of the electricity model. Two different thermal models are used to estimate the thermal performance of this cogeneration system, and heat management is discussed. Based on these system designs, the 60 kW PEMFC cogeneration system is analyzed in detail. The analysis results will be useful for further study and development of the system.

Numerical and Experimental Study of a Multi-Generation Desalination Power Plant

The demand for more efficient power generation is not only a prominent subject for environmental reasons but for economic reasons as well. Continuing growth in population contributes to more and more consumption of fresh water, demanding less expensive desalination production, especially in the regions with little or no natural fresh water. Multigeneration desalination power plants may provide solutions to these issues through advanced and efficient designs that are capable of supplying fresh water and power to remote or arid regions of the world. This paper examines the flexibility and versatility of multigeneration systems to showcase the myriad of combinations that are available to accommodate any specific application. It also proposes a specific design for a multi-stage flash desalination system that is powered directly by the exhaust gases of a natural gas micro-turbine capable of producing around 1 MW of electrical power. The performance characteristics, the fresh water produced per kW and the overall plant efficiency, are numerically investigated and compared with previous designs that were analyzed on a larger scale. It is determined that the multigeneration system can produce 56,891 gallons of fresh water per day and an estimated 4.07 tons of salt per day and that a small scale multi-generation desalting systems is feasible.

Optimal Thermal Insulation Thickness in Isolated Air-Conditioned Buildings and Economic Analysis

The removal building heat load and electrical power consumption by air conditioning system are proportional to the outside conditions and solar radiation intensity. Building construction materials has substantial effects on the transmission heat through outer walls, ceiling and glazing windows. Good thermal isolation for buildings is important to reduce the transmitted heat and consumed power. The buildings models are constructed from common materials with 0 - 16 cm of thermal insulation thickness in the outer walls and ceilings, and double-layers glazing windows. The building heat loads were calculated for two types of walls and ceiling with and without thermal insulation. The cooling load temperature difference method, CLTD, was used to estimate the building heat load during a 24-hour each day throughout spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons. The annual cooling degree-day, CDD was used to estimate the optimal thermal insulation thickness and payback period with including the solar radiation effect on the outer walls surfaces. The average saved energy percentage in summer, spring, autumn and winter are 35.5%, 32.8%, 33.2% and 30.7% respectively, and average yearly saved energy is about of 33.5%. The optimal thermal insulation thickness was obtained between 7 - 12 cm and payback period of 20 - 30 month for some Egyptian Cities according to the Latitude and annual degree-days.

A Decision Method of Cogeneration Operation Schedule by Combining Use of SOFCs and PEFCs

In this paper, the authors propose a cogeneration system by combining two kinds of FCs （fuel cells） for a collective housing. The good points which each FC has are applied to the cogeneration operation schedule. In this study, some rooms interchange electric power and heat with each other for high efficiency and reduction of energy loss. The authors determine an operation schedule of FCs by multi-evaluation from viewpoints of energy cost and CO2 emissions.

基于碳交易-绿色证书联合交易机制的含CHP-CCS-P2G耦合的区域综合能源系统低碳经济调度

提出一种基于碳交易-绿色证书联合交易机制的含热电联产机组、碳捕集和电转气设备联合运行的区域综合能源系统低碳经济调度模型。首先,分析碳交易和绿色证书交易机制的运行原理并构建其模型;同时,研究绿证交易价格变化对可再生能源消纳的影响。然后,在热电联产机组中引入碳捕集和电转气设备,构建热电联产机组、碳捕集和电转气设备联合运行的模型,将碳交易-绿证联合交易机制引入该模型中,并且分析热电联产机组联合运行模式下的电力、热力耦合特性。最后,在算例中通过设置不同的调度场景进行对比分析,结果表明该策略可有效降低碳排放,扩大可再生能源上网空间,使系统的运行更加经济。

Q学习差分进化算法求解热电动态经济排放调度

热电联产动态经济排放调度同时考虑了燃料成本花费和污染气体排放两个目标值,且下一时间段的热电产量受当前时间段热电产量的影响,这是近年来电力系统运行中的一个重要问题。文中提出一种基于Q学习强化多目标差分进化(Q Learning Multi-Objective Differential Evolution,QLMODE)算法,以此求解热电联产动态经济排放调度(Combined Heat and Power Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch,CHPDEED)问题。在QLMODE中,采用Q学习技术调整算法的比例因子参数,即在迭代过程中利用子代解和父代解之间的支配关系确定动作奖励和惩罚,并通过Q学习调整参数值,以获得最适合环境模型的算法参数。文中将所提QLMODE用于求解11机组和33机组的热电联产动态经济排放调度问题。仿真结果表明,与4种成熟的多目标优化算法相比,QLMODE算法燃料成本最小,污染气体排放最少,收敛性和多样性指标优于其他4种算法,且QLMODE在两组问题上都获得了更好的Pareto最优前沿。

深度调峰背景下火电机组热电解耦技术路径对比分析

新能源发电在出力和发电负荷上具有波动大、不稳定的特点,为解决新能源机组上网后带来的上述问题,利用多种热电解耦方式对火电机组进行改造,并对不同技术路径进行对比分析,探究火电机组解耦潜力与调峰能力。采用EBSILON Professional软件进行模拟仿真,对不同热电解耦方案下调峰负荷空间进行评估和对比分析。计算结果表明,低压缸零出力热电解耦改造方案可以使机组的调峰能力得到最大的改善。在原最大供热负荷304.60 MW下,最小发电量下降172.21 MW,最低电负荷率下降32.70%。火电机组经过热电解耦改造可显著提高热电机组与新能源机组的协调调峰能力,提高发电单元整体发电的稳定性。

Proposal and Assessment of an Engine-Based Distributed Steam and Power Cogeneration System Integrated with an Absorption-Compression Heat Pump

Internal combustion engine-based poly-generation systems have been widely used for energy savings and emissions reductions.To maximize their thermodynamic and environmental performance potentials,the efficient recovery of flue gas and jacket water heat is essential.In a conventional internal combustion engine-based steam and power cogeneration system,the low-temperature(less than 170°C)heat from flue gas and jacket water is usually directly discharged to the environment,which dramatically reduces the thermal and economic performance.In this work,a high-temperature heat pump is employed to recover this part of low-temperature heat for steam generation.The sensible heat of the flue gas and jacket water is cascade utilized in a steam generator and a heat pump.Simulation results show that the process steam yield of the proposed system is almost doubled(increased by 703 kg/h)compared to that of an engine-based cogeneration system without a heat pump.The proposed system can reduce natural gas consumption,C 02 and NOx emissions by approximately 199069 m3,372.64 tons and 3.02 tons per year,respectively,with a primary energy ratio and exergy efficiency of 72.52%and 46.28%,respectively.Moreover,the proposed system has a lower payback period with a value of 5.11 years,and the determining factors that affect the payback period are natural gas and electricity prices.The total net present value of the proposed system within its lifespan is 2441581 USD,and an extra profit of 785748 USD can be obtained compared to the reference system.This is a promising approach for replacing gas boilers for process steam production in industrial sectors.

熔盐储热耦合压缩空气储能系统经济性分析

压缩空气储能作为一种大规模物理储能技术,广泛应用于可再生能源消纳和电网削峰填谷。设计了一种耦合熔盐储热的压缩空气储能系统,采用Ebsilon软件对复合系统进行建模仿真。基于该储能系统对外供应热水、蒸汽、电能的工况,研究不同系统运行模式下的?效率、热效率以及经济性。结果表明:复合系统在储气压力为7 MPa、排气温度系数为1.96时系统?效率最高,达到64.98%;在储气压力12 MPa时系统热效率最高,达到91.55%;在热汽电三联供应用场景下,最佳储能时长为6 h,储气压力为7、12 MPa时,最优发电时长分别为6、8 h;该研究可为耦合熔盐储热压缩空气储能热电联供提供理论指导。

热电联供电厂厂级供热集中智能管控系统开发及应用研究

为了解决多台机组供热负荷调节分散、供热系统压力波动大、供热经济性差的问题,首先提出基于MODBUS通信方式下多台机组供热单元互联控制的厂级供热集中智能管控系统;然后,结合机组实际性能试验数据建立机组性能仿真模型,获得不同电负荷下冷热再抽汽量与煤耗量的关系;最后,考虑机组安全运行边界,建立适用于多台机组热负荷经济分配的数学模型,以厂级总耗煤量最低寻优为目标,获得各机组热负荷分配方案,并成功在某装机6台、总容量3320 MW燃煤电厂实现了工程示范应用。结果表明:厂级供热集中智能管控系统可采用流量指令方式在机组安全运行边界内对各机组供热流量进行自动调节;全厂对外供热流量在50~400 t/h之间变化时,厂级供热集中智能管控系统可将供热母管压力控制在设定值的±0.03 MPa以内;通过对总供热负荷智能寻优分配,全厂总煤耗量可降低0.13~3.53 t/h。

多类型小容量火电机组热电解耦潜力与经济性对比评估

【目的】新能源发电存在输出功率和发电负荷的大幅波动和不稳定性问题,对电力系统稳定运行造成一定挑战。小容量火电机组热电解耦后参与电力系统整体运行,可提高电网调度效率与系统安全性,为此,采取多种热电解耦技术对3台小容量火电机组进行改造,并对各种技术路线进行了比较研究。【方法】通过使用EBSILON Professional软件进行模拟实验,对各种热电解耦方案在调峰负荷方面的潜力进行了评估和对比分析,并对改造后的经济性进行分析。【结果】水冷背压式机组热电解耦潜力空间较大,较其他机组有着明显优势,热泵改造机组最大供热下日利润提高217.18万元。随着抽汽热负荷变化,水冷凝汽式机组热电解耦潜力变化整体趋势平缓,最易控制,热泵改造机组最大供热下日利润提高202.25万元。空冷凝汽式机组热泵改造最大供热下日利润提高26.13万元。【结论】经过热电解耦升级的火电机组,能够大幅增强其调峰效果,热泵改造能有效提高日利润,从而提升整个发电系统的稳定性和发电效率。

计及碳交易的热电联产-储热-电锅炉风电消纳策略

为解决传统热电联产机组的热电耦合特性以及冬季采暖期间弃风消纳问题,提出了计及碳交易含储热热电联产机组和电锅炉联合运行的弃风消纳策略。首先将储热设备、电锅炉与热电联产机组联合运行来满足系统所需热负荷,从而提高热电联产机组电调峰能力。其次,为进一步控制碳排放量,引入阶梯式碳交易与优化电锅炉运行模式,兼顾系统运行成本、弃风消纳量以及碳排放量,构建计及碳交易的热电联产-储热-电锅炉风电消纳模型并进行求解。最后,以IEEE-30节点为例进行算例分析,结果表明所提策略能够有效促进风电消纳、减少碳排放量且有效降低系统运行成本。

相变蓄热对光伏相变复合围护结构隔热及发电性能的影响

基于光伏发电和相变蓄热耦合特性,提出了光伏相变复合建筑围护结构,并进一步分析相变蓄热对复合围护结构性能的影响规律。首先构建光伏相变复合围护结构热流传递模型,然后探究相变层结构位置、相变温度以及相变厚度对其发电能力和隔热效果的影响。在此基础上,通过对比传统围护结构和复合围护结构的热工特性,阐述复合围护结构调节室内环境负荷及节能潜力。研究表明,相变蓄热对于光伏相变复合围护结构发电和隔热性能具有较大影响。相变材料越靠近室内其隔热效果越好,室内温度表现出向相变温度靠近的趋势;相变材料靠近光伏板意味着可以更充分地储存热量,光伏发电量也就越高。其中相变材料靠近光伏板时发电量为1263.06 J,较光伏围护结构有明显提升。同时相变材料的厚度在40 mm时发电量达到最大值,较10 mm时的工况提升了0.55%。此外,在一个运行周期内,光伏相变复合围护结构显著降低了建筑冷负荷,表现出较好的隔热与节能效果。

《热泵系统参与电网调峰技术规程》编制要点及相关展望

通过简述《热泵系统参与电网调峰技术规程》的编制背景、编制过程、主要内容,对规程编制过程中的要点进行了详细解读,包括提出热泵系统在参与电网调峰过程中的主要技术措施与应用场景,分析参与电网调峰的热泵系统用能负荷与日程,规范负荷削减效果、调峰响应执行效果与调峰响应对能源、经济、环境的影响等热泵系统调峰性能的量化指标与计算方法。进一步进行相关展望,阐述了建筑柔性用能系统对于电网调峰以及可再生能源消纳的重要性。期望通过该规程的制定和实施,更好地规范、引导、促进热泵等建筑柔性用能系统参与电网调峰的应用和发展,令建筑柔性用能成为未来低碳能源系统中的重要一环。

热电联产锅炉炉水电导率超标分析及处理

避免不合格盐水渗入冷凝水,本文对井矿盐热电联产锅炉水电导率异常的可能来源进行了综合分析,从制定应急预案、加强机组排污、锅炉回水监测及自动采样系统查漏补缺、完善锅炉自动采样系统、做好药品验收及改进化验技术等五个方面采取措施进行应对和治理,从而确保制盐预热器设备完好及运行参数稳定。

电-气-热综合能源系统协同调度优化研究综述

在“双碳”目标驱动和大规模新能源接入电网的背景下,燃气机组、电转气、热电联产机组等耦合设备的灵活调节能力被逐渐挖掘,这也使得电力、天然气、热力系统的耦合程度逐渐加深,传统的独立调度方式不再适用。实现电-气-热综合能源系统的协同调度,是提高能源利用率和应对新能源不确定性的重要手段。首先分析了三类能源系统在优化调度研究中常用的能流模型及耦合设备建模,然后从电-气-热综合能源系统应对新能源不确定性方法、耦合系统建模、优化求解算法和系统安全域四个方面阐述现有研究进展。最后,对目前电-气-热综合能源系统协同调度研究面临的关键问题进行总结,并对后续综合能源系统协同调度的发展方向进行了展望。

燃气冷热电联供技术在分布式能源中的应用与发展

随着全球能源结构的转型和可持续发展目标的提出,分布式能源系统逐渐成为了能源领域的研究热点。燃气冷热电联供技术作为分布式能源的重要组成部分,具有高效、环保、灵活等优势,在节能减排、提高能源利用效率等方面发挥着重要作用。文章介绍了燃气冷热电联供技术的基本原理和分类,分析了其在分布式能源中的应用现状,探讨了其面临的挑战和未来的发展方向,旨在为燃气冷热电联供技术在分布式能源中的推广和应用提供参考。

多能耦合互补系统在公路房建既有建筑应用中的性能分析

在碳达峰、碳中和政策背景下,以公路房建单体建筑为研究对象,对其供能系统进行分析。针对传统单一供能系统的不足,文章提出将冷热电气多联产供能系统应用在房建单体建筑中,并对设计的多联产供能系统进行分析,利用Trnsys软件对其进行仿真模拟,与传统建筑供能系统进行对比,得到该冷热电气多联产供能系统运用在公路房建中的可行性与优越性。对系统中的沼气池最佳保温层厚度进行了研究,利用Fluent模拟了在最佳保温层厚度下沼气池温度场的分布情况。