Test and Analysis of Indoor Thermal Environment of Urban Heating Residential Building in Hanzhong Area

By testing indoor and outdoor thermal environment of residential buildings that apply 4 mostused heating ways in Hantai District,Hanzhong City,this paper explored the indoor thermal environment conditions of different heating ways,to provide references for choosing a suitable heating way in the local area.

Impact of light-weight external thermal insulation materials on building surrounding thermal environment in summer

The method for calculating wall surface heat storage coefficient was introduced,and the coefficients of several common walls with light-weight external thermal insulation materials and the traditional solid clay brick wall were calculated.In order to study the impact of light-weight external thermal insulation materials,a contrasting experiment was carried out between an external insulated room and an uninsulated room in August,2010,in Chongqing,China.The result shows that outside surface heat storage coefficient of the insulated wall is much less than that of the traditional wall.However,during sunny time,the surface temperature of external walls of the insulated room is obviously higher than that of the uninsulated room.In different orientations,due to different amounts of solar radiation and being irradiated in different time,the contrasting temperature difference(CTD) appears different regularity.In a word,using light-weight external thermal insulation materials has a negative impact on building surrounding thermal environment and people's health.Finally,some suggestions on how to eliminate the impact,such as improving the surface condition of the building envelop,and plating vertical greening,are put forward.

Indoor Environmental Quality of Air Conditioned Residential Buildings in Extreme Dry Desert Climate

In this study, the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in air conditioned residential buildings in a dry desert climate is examined from the perspective of occupants via two aspects: thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The study presents statistical data about the domestic-occupant thermal comfort sensations together with data describing the indoor air quality in Kuwaiti residential buildings. With respect to the latter, the overall IEQ acceptance using two measurements namely: physical measurements and subjective information collected via questionnaires, was used to evaluate 111 occupants living in twenty five air-conditioned residential buildings in the state of Kuwait. The operative temperature based on Actual Mean Vote (AMV) and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) was identified using linear regression analysis of responses on the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale and was found to be 25.2°C and 23.3°C, respectively, in the summer season. Indoor air quality (IAQ) with respect to carbon dioxide concentration level was compared with the acceptable limits of international standards, i.e. ASHRAE Standard 62.1 [1]. The proposed overall IEQ acceptance findings in residential buildings show CO2 concentration level between 909 and 1250 ppm. However, this may be considered a higher level of CO2 concentration, which may require increasing ventilation rate through window operation or mechanical ventilation.

On the Development of China's Thermal Power in the 21st Century while Saving the Energy and Protecting the Environment

In light of China s Ninth Five-year Plan (1996-2000) for Electric Power Industry & the Long Term Targets by the Year 2010, the paper considers the strategy for developing China’s thermal power in the 21st century shall be the efficiency and cleaning technology of coal use. Especially important is the structure of power sources and configuration of technology process, and secondly the implementation of energy saving and environmental protection ideology in the various stages of thermal power construction and design work.

基于Designbuilder的改性生土建筑热工性能分析

为改善传统改性生土室内热工环境,借助Designbuilder软件,对某改性生土民居在3种不同的保温构造情况下,分别在夏时令和冬时令的自然环境中,进行建筑室内环境热工和相对湿度的模拟分析。通过分析发现,生土材料本身具备良好的温度和湿度调节能力。使用聚苯乙烯泡沫材料和硬泡聚氨酯保温结构层,对室内温度的调控效果更好。而以农村常见的秸秆作为保温构造的生土墙体,可以将室内相对湿度较长时间地处于人体相对舒适的环境。

Application of natural ventilation of residential buildings in hot-humid regions

The current ventilation condition of the hot and humid regions was analyzed through on-site investigation. It is found that residents in this region expect to improve indoor thermal environment through natural ventilation as much as possible. Then,it comes to a conclusion by the field test that natural ventilation has certain practical effect on improving indoor thermal environment. CFD simulation software is employed to verify the test result. Based on PMV modified model,and according to norms,geography and climate combined with the measured and simulated results,the application of the time and effectiveness of natural ventilation in hot and humid region were analyzed,to some extent,providing a basis for reducing the air-conditioner's runtime with natural ventilation.

Design of Rural Residence Based on Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of Chengdu Area

With the improvement of living standards, peasants have attached increasing attention to quality of living environment, indoor thermal comfort of rural residence has become a functional need of new countryside residence. Chengdu is a foggy area with shorter sunshine hours, humid air, more foggy but fewer windy days, so local residence is likely to be muggy, which influences comfort of residents seriously. According to relevant researches, most rural residences in Chengdu use only natural ventilation, and the indoor thermal comfort is poor. In view of this, this paper tried to improve indoor thermal comfort and quality of living environment from the perspective of residence functional design.

Energy consumption pattern and indoor thermal environment of residential building in rural China

With the continuous deepening of China’s rural construction and development,people’s living conditions are improved day by day,while accompanied by energy and environment crisis issues.This paper mainly analyzes the energy consumption pattern and the indoor environment of rural households in China and discusses the energy-saving optimization strategies for improving the thermal environment of buildings.Questionnaire surveys and field surveys were conducted in three villages in Guanghan,China.The measurement results show that the annual indoor temperature range of the region in the summer is 15-31℃and the relative humidity range is 34%-96%.The average indoor temperatures in summer and winter are 28℃and 16℃respectively.The indoor thermal environment of rural buildings is usually poor and cannot meet the requirements of Chinese standards.At the same time,the architectural design and energy consumption pattern of rural households are different from those in urban areas as countryside has unique characteristics.Finally,we put forward certain energy-saving improvement measures at the end of the article.

Investigation of thermal environment and the associated energy consumption of transportation buildings along the expressways in the cold region of China:A case study

The transportation buildings alongside the expressways(TBE)have comprehensive characteristics,providing shopping and accommodations for drivers and passengers.However,the indoor thermal environment and energy consumption of such service buildings was not covered in most studies.To this end,based on some typical TBEs,this study investigated the thermal environment and energy consumption characteristics for TBEs.And the men-tioned TBEs are located in Xiong’an New Area,a national special zone with requirements of low carbon and low energy consumption in China’s cold region.The thermal environment study included questionnaire survey and on-site investigation by adopting dynamic thermal comfort evaluation index(i.e.,Relative Warmth Index(RWI)and Heat Deficit Rate(HDR)).Then,the TBE energy consumption was investigated with the main influencing factor analyses.Finally,numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the energy efficiency approaches in TBE.The results showed that RWI and HDR were able to evaluate the thermal comfort of personnel in transi-tional environment of TBE in winter.Meanwhile,when the room temperature was set as 16℃,it was still able to maintain the thermal environment for the indoor staff.The main energy influencing factors of TBEs are building scale,system equipment and usage characteristics.Besides,it was practicable to adopt the heat pump system to replace conventional space heating and cooling system,of which the total energy consumption of geothermal heat pump reduced by 38.1%.

民居建筑室内空间热环境多点能耗精准预测

在民居建筑室内热环境多点能耗预测时,若不能有效确定热环境下室内当前状态下舒适程度,会直接影响能耗预测精度。因此,提出考虑舒适度的民居建筑室内空间热环境多点能耗预测方法。根据室内状态建立民居建筑内热环境模型,采用主元分析法获取能耗评价指标,构建热环境下室内能耗指标评价体系,并利用指标建立评价模型,从而确定室内当前热环境能耗;将确定指标作为模型输入向量,利用RBF神经网络构建室内能耗多点预测模型;通过建立的模型实现对民居建筑室内空间多点能耗的精准预测。实验结果表明,所提方法开展室内能耗多点预测时,预测精度高、效果好。

气候变化下窑居建筑屋顶适宜性改造研究

调研发现陕北地区自2010年以来降水量开始呈现明显增加的趋势,而传统窑洞屋顶缺少良好的防水设计,易导致窑洞在经受暴雨时漏水甚至坍塌。村民采取在原屋顶上加建彩钢板的改造方式防雨,然而这种窑洞屋顶构造的自更新不仅未能充分解决屋顶防水问题,还在一定程度上破坏了窑洞村落的传统风貌。以陕北地区传统民居的典型代表窑洞为研究对象,通过调研测试与软件模拟分析窑洞屋顶加盖彩钢板构造对室内热环境的影响,发现加盖彩钢板能够提升屋顶的耐久度和防雨性能,但是不能改善室内热环境,并且不能充分融入到传统的乡村环境中。在此基础上提出了新型窑洞屋顶构造,以期进一步改善屋顶防水性能并延续传统民居建筑风貌,为后期窑居建筑更新改造提供参考。

墙体裂缝对建筑热湿环境及能耗的影响分析

建筑表面及内部会因为各种原因出现不同程度的损伤,结构的受损则会影响内部温湿度场的分布,对建筑总能耗也会产生影响。通过实验测试了混凝土及抹面胶无裂缝、1 mm和2 mm预制裂缝宽度试件的等效热湿物性参数,并使用WUFI-Plus仿真软件模拟建筑裂缝出现前后沈阳市室内热湿环境及能耗的变化情况。在裂缝密度为9.04×10^(-3)m^(-1)时,房间每月相对湿度增幅最大。墙体裂缝将导致房间的能耗降低,且随着裂缝宽度及裂缝密度的增大,建筑能耗下降幅度增大。

建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST 第5讲 影响建筑热过程的各种外界因素的取值方法

除供暖和空调系统的作用外 ,影响建筑物内热状况的外界因素主要是室外的气象条件、建筑周围的环境热状况以及室内发热量。在建筑热环境的动态模拟过程中 ,这些外界因素的数量大小和随时间的变化将对模拟结果产生较大的影响 ,因此各项因素的取值方法必须准确反映其数量大小和随时间的变化。讨论了这些外界因素的取值方法 。

西安地区开放式办公建筑夏季人体热舒适调查研究

以西安地区6栋典型开放式办公建筑为研究对象,通过热环境参数测试和主观问卷调查相结合的方式进行了现场调研,分析了实际办公建筑中人员的热舒适需求,并将调研结果与现有标准及其他气候区现场研究进行了对比。结果显示,西安地区夏季办公建筑受访者的中性温度为25.4℃,偏好温度比中性温度低0.2℃,80%可接受温度上限为28.2℃。

不同供暖末端办公建筑室内热环境和人体热舒适调研

为明确寒冷气候区办公建筑辐射供暖和对流供暖模式下的室内热环境参数是否能满足人体热舒适需求,本研究选取西安市不同供暖模式的办公建筑为调研对象,同时进行了室内物理环境测试和人体热舒适主观问卷调查,调研期间共获得1 120份有效问卷。结果显示:对流供暖模式下室内空气温度和竖直温差显著高于辐射供暖,且室内存在过热现象;辐射和对流供暖的中性温度分别为17.4℃和20.4℃,较高的室内空气温度形成了较高的中性温度和可接受温度上限。

基于光伏窗技术的室内热环境营造特性研究

半透明光伏窗由于其主动节能的优势,近年来引起了广泛关注。由于半透明光伏窗表面覆盖太阳能电池,可能引起室内热环境过热,影响人体热感觉。然而,目前有关半透明光伏窗建筑室内热环境营造特性的研究仍存在不足。针对上述问题,通过实测半透明光伏窗与白玻房间室内空气温度、辐照度等参数,比较了空调运行工况下两房间内受试者热感觉投票结果。结果显示,在窗户表面高温长波辐射及透过辐照度的短波辐射作用下,半透明光伏窗室内热环境受到较大热辐射的影响。半透明光伏窗房间热感觉投票为中性的结果远高于白玻房间,能够满足人体热舒适和建筑节能的双重要求。

太阳能被动式通风与建筑相变蓄热耦合技术研究进展

太阳能被动式通风(Solar Passive Ventilation,SPV)技术与建筑相变蓄热(Building Phase Change Heat Storage,BPCHS)技术是当前建筑节能的有效策略,两者有机结合能够显著提高太阳能利用效率、降低建筑能耗与改善室内热环境。通过对国内外有关文献调研分析,概述了太阳能被动式通风与建筑相变蓄热技术各自原理与分类,同时阐述了技术特点及其研究进展。基于太阳能被动式通风与相变蓄热在建筑应用的现状,论述了相变蓄热强化太阳能被动式通风原理及其有机耦合形式,包括相变Trombe墙、相变烟囱、相变通风屋顶等多种结合方式。此外,为了有效反映被动式通风特征与相变蓄热耦合流动-传热过程,系统总结了通风数值模型、相变蓄热求解模型以及耦合系统模型与相关实验研究。概括了太阳能被动式通风与建筑相变蓄热耦合(SPV-BPCHS)技术关键影响因素及其评价指标,指出了其对建筑室内热环境影响特性。调研结果表明,SPV-BPCHS技术能有效降低建筑能源消耗、提高太阳能建筑利用率和改善室内热环境效果,但仍应加强对高效低碳材料的研究及耦合技术稳定性研究,同时该耦合技术实验可行性也需要进一步验证。将为提高太阳能利用率和建筑室内环境耦合强化提供新的技术途径。

停暖前后寒冷地区高校宿舍热舒适对比研究

为了解寒冷地区高校宿舍停暖前后的热环境差异,探究人员的热舒适变化规律,选取寒冷地区西安市的某所高校学生宿舍作为研究对象,采用客观热环境测试与主观问卷调查相结合的方法进行研究。结果表明,停暖前室内环境温度高于停暖后,停暖前宿舍学生的热感觉比停暖后更暖;停暖后宿舍学生的热可接受度和满意率比例低于停暖前,对偏冷热环境的接受度也更低;满足80%满意度的操作温度范围即舒适温度范围,停暖前为21.4~24.1℃,停暖后为19.2~24.8℃;停暖前宿舍湿环境比停暖后更干燥。根据热环境实测和问卷结果,希望为西安地区高校宿舍采暖策略提供一定的优化参考,同时为寒冷地区高校宿舍热舒适相关研究提供参考。