面向RISC-V适配开发的x86 built-in函数转换方法

新兴架构RISC-V的生态建设需要将其他架构函数或软件包向RISC-V架构迁移适配。在研究GCC特定架构适配的built-in函数向RISC-V架构迁移时,提出一套x86到RISC-V的built-in函数转换方法,对于非扩展指令集(属非向量类型)built-in函数,采用RISC-V架构下相同功能的built-in或标准库函数替代;对于SSE扩展指令集built-in函数,建立数据类型映射和向量函数操作映射实现向RISC-V架构向量扩展函数或标准库函数的迁移,其中RVV函数迁移方式占比67%。实验结果表明:方法迁移的程序功能正确,方法有效。本文方法对其他扩展指令集built-in函数的迁移提供了指导,且与现有工作相比,更易扩展、覆盖面更广。

Constructing Built-In Electric Fields with Semiconductor Junctions and Schottky Junctions Based on Mo-MXene/Mo-Metal Sulfides for Electromagnetic Response

The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.However,the loss mechanism in traditional heterostructures is relatively simple,guided by empirical observations,and is not monotonous.In this work,we presented a novel semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructure sys-tem,Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides(metal=Sn,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn,and Cu),including semiconductor junctions and Mott-Schottky junctions.By skillfully combining these distinct functional components(Mo-MXene,MoS_(2),metal sulfides),we can engineer a multiple heterogeneous interface with superior absorption capabilities,broad effective absorption bandwidths,and ultrathin matching thickness.The successful establishment of semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructures gives rise to a built-in electric field that intensifies electron transfer,as confirmed by density functional theory,which collaborates with multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms to substantially amplify EMW absorption.We detailed a successful synthesis of a series of Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides featuring both semiconductor-semiconductor and semiconductor-metal interfaces.The achievements were most pronounced in Mo-MXene/Mo-Sn sulfide,which achieved remarkable reflection loss values of-70.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.885 mm.Radar cross-section calculations indicate that these MXene/Mo-metal sulfides have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology.This work marks a departure from conventional component design limitations and presents a novel pathway for the creation of advanced MXene-based composites with potent EMW absorption capabilities.

Modulating charge separation and transfer for high-performance photoelectrodes via built-in electric field

Constructing a built-in electric field has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing charge separation and transfer,thereby improving photoelectrochemical performance.Recently,considerable efforts have been devoted to this endeavor.This review systematically summarizes the impact of built-in electric fields on enhancing charge separation and transfer mechanisms,focusing on the modulation of built-in electric fields in terms of depth and orderliness.First,mechanisms and tuning strategies for built-in electric fields are explored.Then,the state-of-the-art works regarding built-in electric fields for modulating charge separation and transfer are summarized and categorized according to surface and interface depth.Finally,current strategies for constructing bulk built-in electric fields in photoelectrodes are explored,and insights into future developments for enhancing charge separation and transfer in high-performance photoelectrochemical applications are provided.

VSe_(2)/V_(2)C heterocatalyst with built-in electric field for efficient lithium-sulfur batteries:Remedies polysulfide shuttle and conversion kinetics

Lithium sulfur(Li-S)battery is a kind of burgeoning energy storage system with high energy density.However,the electrolyte-soluble intermediate lithium polysulfides(Li PSs)undergo notorious shuttle effect,which seriously hinders the commercialization of Li-S batteries.Herein,a unique VSe_(2)/V_(2)C heterostructure with local built-in electric field was rationally engineered from V_(2)C parent via a facile thermal selenization process.It exquisitely synergizes the strong affinity of V_(2)C with the effective electrocatalytic activity of VSe_(2).More importantly,the local built-in electric field at the heterointerface can sufficiently promote the electron/ion transport ability and eventually boost the conversion kinetics of sulfur species.The Li-S battery equipped with VSe_(2)/V_(2)C-CNTs-PP separator achieved an outstanding initial specific capacity of 1439.1 m A h g^(-1)with a high capacity retention of 73%after 100 cycles at0.1 C.More impressively,a wonderful capacity of 571.6 mA h g^(-1)was effectively maintained after 600cycles at 2 C with a capacity decay rate of 0.07%.Even under a sulfur loading of 4.8 mg cm^(-2),areal capacity still can be up to 5.6 m A h cm^(-2).In-situ Raman tests explicitly illustrate the effectiveness of VSe_(2)/V_(2)C-CNTs modifier in restricting Li PSs shuttle.Combined with density functional theory calculations,the underlying mechanism of VSe_(2)/V_(2)C heterostructure for remedying Li PSs shuttling and conversion kinetics was deciphered.The strategy of constructing VSe_(2)/V_(2)C heterocatalyst in this work proposes a universal protocol to design metal selenide-based separator modifier for Li-S battery.Besides,it opens an efficient avenue for the separator engineering of Li-S batteries.

Bimetallic selenide heterostructure with directional built-in electricfield confined in N-doped carbon nanofibers for superior sodium storage with ultralong lifespan

Constructing heterostructure is considered as an effective strategy to address the sluggish electronic and ionic kinetics of anode materials for sodium ion batteries(SIBs).However,realizing the orientated growth and uniform distribution of the heterostructure is still a great challenge.Herein,the regulated novel CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)heterostructure confined in N-doped carbon nanofibers(CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C)are prepared by using Co/Ni-ZIF template,in which,the CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)heterostructures realize uniform distribution on a micro level.Benefiting from the unique heterostructure and N-doped carbon nanofibers,the CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C deliveries superior rate capability and durable cycle lifespan with a reversible capacity of 400.5 mA h g^(-1)after 5000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).The Na-ion full battery with CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C anode and layered oxide cathode displays a remarkable energy density of 563 W h kg^(-1)with 241.1 W kg^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).The theoretical calculations disclose that the periodic and directional built-in electric-field along with the heterointerfaces of CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C can accelerate electrochemical reaction kinetics.The in(ex)situ experimental measurements reveal the reversible conversion reaction and stable structure of CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C during Na+insertion/extraction.The study highlights the potential ability of precisely controlled heterostructure to stimulate the electrochemical performances of advanced anode for SIBs.

Interfacial built-in electric field and crosslinking pathways enabling WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction with robust sodium storage at low temperature

Developing efficient energy storage for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by creating high-performance heterojunctions and understanding their interfacial interaction at the atomic/molecular level holds promise but is also challenging.Besides,sluggish reaction kinetics at low temperatures restrict the operation of SIBs in cold climates.Herein,cross-linking nanoarchitectonics of WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,featuring built-in electric field(BIEF),have been developed,employing as a model to reveal the positive effect of heterojunction design and BIEF for modifying the reaction kinetics and electrochemical activity.Particularly,the theoretical analysis manifests the discrepancy in work functions leads to the electronic flow from the electron-rich Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) to layered WS_(2),spontaneously forming the BIEF and“ion reservoir”at the heterogeneous interface.Besides,the generation of cross-linking pathways further promotes the transportation of electrons/ions,which guarantees rapid diffusion kinetics and excellent structure coupling.Consequently,superior sodium storage performance is obtained for the WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,with only 0.2%decay per cycle at 5.0 A g^(-1)(25℃)up to 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 293.5 mA h g^(-1)(0.1A g^(-1)after 100 cycles)even at-20℃.Importantly,the spontaneously formed BIEF,accompanied by“ion reservoir”,in heterojunction provides deep understandings of the correlation between structure fabricated and performance obtained.

Construction of strong built-in electric field in binary metal sulfide heterojunction to propel high-loading lithium-sulfur batteries

The practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is greatly hindered by soluble polysulfides shuttling and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics.Rational design of multifunctional hybrid materials with superior electronic conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity,e.g.,heterostructures,is a promising strategy to solve the above obstacles.Herein,a binary metal sulfide MnS-MoS_(2) heterojunction electrocatalyst is first designed for the construction of high-sulfur-loaded and durable Li-S batteries.The MnS-MoS_(2) p-n heterojunction shows a unique structure of MoS_(2) nanosheets decorated with ample MnS nanodots,which contributes to the formation of a strong built-in electric field at the two-phase interface.The MnS-MoS_(2) hybrid host shows strong soluble polysulfide affinity,enhanced electronic conductivity,and exceptional catalytic effect on sulfur reduction.Benefiting from the synergistic effect,the as-derived S/MnS-MoS_(2) cathode delivers a superb rate capability(643 m A h g^(-1)at 6 C)and a durable cyclability(0.048%decay per cycle over 1000 cycles).More impressively,an areal capacity of 9.9 m A h cm^(-2)can be achieved even under an extremely high sulfur loading of 14.7 mg cm^(-2)and a low electrolyte to sulfur ratio of 2.9μL mg^(-1).This work provides an in-depth understanding of the interfacial catalytic effect of binary metal compound heterojunctions on sulfur reaction kinetics.

Optimally arranged TiO_(2)@MoS_(2) heterostructures with effectively induced built-in electric field for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

To overcome the serious technological issues affecting lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries,such as sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and the detrimental shuttle effect,heterostructure engineering has been investigated as a strategy to effectively capture soluble lithium polysulfide intermediates and promote their conversion reaction by integrating highly polar metal oxides with catalytically active metals sulfides.However,to fully exploit the outstanding properties of heterostructure-based composites,their detailed structure and interfacial contacts should be designed rationally.Herein,optimally arranged TiO_(2)and MoS_(2)-based heterostructures(TiO_(2)@MoS_(2)) are fabricated on carbon cloth as a multifunctional interlayer to efficiently trap polysulfide intermediates and accelerate their redox kinetics.Owing to the synergistic effects between TiO_(2)and MoS_(2)and the uniform heterointerface distribution that induces the ideally oriented built-in electric field,Li-S batteries with TiO_(2)@MoS_(2)interlayers exhibit high rate capability(601 mA h g^(-1)at 5 C),good cycling stability(capacity-fade rate of 0.067% per cycle over 500 cycles at2 C),and satisfactory areal capacity(5.2 mA h cm^(-2)) under an increased sulfur loading of 5.2 mg cm^(-2).Moreover,by comparing with a MoS_(2)@TiO_(2)interlayer composed of reversely arranged heterostructures,the effect of the built-in electric field’s direction on the electrocatalytic reactions of polysulfide intermediates is thoroughly investigated for the first time.The superior electrocatalytic activities of the rationally arranged TiO_(2)@MoS_(2)interlayer demonstrate the importance of optimizing the built-in electric field of heterostructures for producing high-performance Li-S batteries.

A Study of Nominal Predicate Sentences Under the Framework of Cognitive Grammar

Cognitive grammar,as a linguistic theory that attaches importance to the relationship between language and thinking,provides us with a more comprehensive way to understand the structure,semantics and cognitive processing of noun predicate sentences.Therefore,under the framework of cognitive grammar,this paper tries to analyze the semantic connection and cognitive process in noun predicate sentences from the semantic perspective and the method of example theory,and discusses the motivation of the formation of this construction,so as to provide references for in-depth analysis of the cognitive laws behind noun predicate sentences.

Design of Rotor Magnetic Barrier Structure of Built-in Permanent Magnet Motor Based on Taguchi Method

In this paper,a 20kW vehicle built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor is taken as an example,and a magnetic barrier structure is added to the rotor of the motor to solve the uneven saturation problem of the rotor side magnetic bridge.This structure improves the air-gap flux density waveform of the motor by influencing the internal magnetic flux path of the motor rotor,thus improving the sine of the no-load back EMF waveform of the motor and reducing the torque ripple of the motor.At the same time,Taguchi method is used to optimize the structural parameters of the added magnetic barrier.In order to facilitate the analysis of its uneven saturation phenomenon and improve the optimization effect,a simple equivalent magnetic network(EMN)model considering the uneven saturation of rotor magnetic bridge is established in this paper,and the initial values of optimization factors are selected based on this model.Finally,the no-load back EMF waveform distortion rate,torque ripple and output torque of the optimized motor are compared and analyzed,and the influence of magnetic barrier structure parameters on the electromagnetic performance of the motor is also analyzed.The results show that the optimized motor can not change the output torque of the motor as much as possible on the basis of reducing the waveform distortion rate of no-load back EMF and torque ripple.

胶东金矿与中生代区域性花岗岩关系及成矿预测和找矿方向

胶东地区是世界著名的金矿资源基地,截至2023年6月已累计探明金矿资源量已达5757余吨。与金矿成矿密切的中生代花岗岩分布广泛,岩石类型多样,也是山东省最发育、最典型的地区。本文对胶东地区金矿与中生代区域性花岗岩空间展布、形成时代和形成环境等关系进行了分析研究。区域性广泛分布的中生代花岗岩为晚侏罗世玲珑期(166~146 Ma)、早白垩世早期郭家岭期(135~123 Ma)、早白垩世晚期伟德山期(123~110 Ma)和崂山期(118~108 Ma),研究认为区域性岩浆事件一般持续10 Ma左右,而重熔型花岗岩一般持续20 Ma,反映了由基底岩石熔融到侵入结晶的2个阶段,它有一个由基底固体岩石熔融的过程,大致也需要10 Ma,既固体岩石熔融10 Ma,熔浆活动上侵结晶10 Ma。玲珑期重熔型花岗岩是扬子板块和华北板块碰撞的期后产物,郭家岭期岩浆事件代表了中国东部中生代构造体制转换的开始,伟德山期岩浆事件代表了构造体制转换的高峰期,崂山期岩浆事件代表了构造体制转换的结束期。86.8%的金矿赋存在玲珑期花岗岩中,6.9%的金矿赋存于郭家岭期花岗岩中,玲珑期花岗岩和郭家岭期花岗岩Au元素背景值明显高于伟德山期花岗岩和崂山期花岗岩。矿石硫与玲珑期花岗岩、郭家岭期花岗岩范围相近,特别是与玲珑期花岗岩大范围重叠,具有岩浆热液硫同位素变化小的特点,说明矿石硫主要源为玲珑期花岗岩、郭家岭期花岗岩。矿石铅主要为再活化的下地壳铅,即前寒武纪结晶基底铅,有幔源铅加入。金矿成矿年龄有162~146 Ma、133~120 Ma、120~115 Ma、112~105 Ma共4个区间范围,与胶东地区四期区域性花岗岩形成时间对应,成矿年龄一般晚于成岩年龄3~5 Ma。根据胶东金矿及多金属矿与岩浆热液事件对应关系,划分为玲珑金成矿期、郭家岭金成矿期、伟德山金及多金属成矿期和崂山多金属成矿期。胶东地区金矿主要是新太古代变质地层和古元古代底部片岩层位经过重熔作用金元素活化、迁移、富集和郭家岭期岩浆作用成矿。基于以上成矿作用认识,根据地球化学块体理论,对胶东金矿潜力进行了估算,胶东地区3000 m以浅金矿潜力约为1.8万t,同时对胶西北深部金矿进行了系统预测,预测3000 m以浅金资源量3997 t,5000 m以浅7497 t。通过地质综合研究,栖霞地区中新太古代变质岩下部有隐伏玲珑期花岗岩,根据金矿主要赋存在玲珑期花岗岩中的空间展布,S、Pb等同位素以及玲珑期花岗岩是金矿成矿直接围岩或母岩的认识,该地区变质岩中发育众多的石英脉型中小型金矿和矿(化)点,可能是浅部或顶部矿体的表现,认为该地区具有良好的成矿背景和潜力,是胶东地区今后金矿找矿的重要地区和方向。并建议在该地区部署地震和大功率激电剖面及地质科研钻探,查清一系列NE向断裂和地质结构,为金矿找矿提供科学依据。

流水句形成的顺序象似性句法机制

文章基于语言顺序象似性的基本原则,从语言类型学的视角通过实例语料的分析,发现汉语句子中的定语、状语等修饰语在遵循顺序象似性原则的情形下,可自由不加标记地转换成并列小句,从修饰语位置提升为与主句并列的述谓结构,这是汉语流水句形成的主要内在机制与形式手段。

气候变化对厦门市恙虫病发病影响的研究

目的探讨厦门市气象因素对恙虫病发病的影响。方法收集厦门市2005-2023年的厦门市恙虫病和气象因素数据,采用Spearman相关性分析方法分析恙虫病发病与气象参数之间的相关关系,采用非线性回归法分析恙虫病与气象参数的数量关系。结果2005-2023年厦门市恙虫病发病呈先上升后下降的趋势,发病最高年份在2014-2016年,发病高峰季节集中在6-10月份。厦门市恙虫病月发病数与日最低气温(r=0.637,P<0.001)、日平均气温(r=0.627,P<0.001)、日最高气温(r=0.612,P<0.001)、日照时间(r=0.405,P<0.001)、平均相对湿度(r=0.346,P<0.001)及日降水量(r=0.207,P=0.002)呈正相关;与平均气压成负相关(r=-0.549,P<0.001);与平均风速无相关。厦门市恙虫病与气象指标模型回归方程为y=-206.229-11.042x_(1)+0.346x_(1)^(2)+6.266x_(2)-0.106x_(2)^(2)+5.704x_(3)-0.171x_(3)^(2)+0.502x_(4)+0.024x_(4)^(2)-0.667 x_(5)+0.006 x_(5)^(2)+0.190x_(6)-0.019x_(6)^(2)+0.184x_(7),决定系数为0.473。增加全市某大型公园人流量(x_(8))作为因变量纳入多元非线性回归分析,模型回归方程为y=-433.869-11.503x_(1)+0.381x_(1)^(2)+9.150x_(2)-0.197x_(2)^(2)+3.936x_(3)-0.132x_(3)^(2)+0.881x_(4)+0.035 x_(4)^(2)-1.048x_(5)+0.009x_(5)^(2)+0.186x_(6)-0.023x_(6)^(2)+0.421x_(7)+6.210×10^(-5)x_(8)-1.051×10-10 x_(8)^(2),决定系数为0.550。结论厦门市恙虫病发病与日最低气温、日平均气温、日最高气温、相对湿度、日降水量及平均气压等气象因素有关,不同气象因素对恙虫病发病影响有所不同。

时频电磁技术在黄土塬覆盖区河道砂油藏分布预测中的应用

鄂尔多斯盆地西部黄土塬覆盖区的中生界侏罗系油藏成藏主控因素复杂,在未开展三维地震勘探的区域,仅利用二维地震资料进行钻探的成功率较低。为了提高钻井成功率,针对该区侏罗系河道砂油藏特点,采用时频电磁双侧、双源激发、多线接收的油气检测技术方案。在鄂尔多斯盆地西部ZB地区进行攻关试验,总结了适用于黄土塬覆盖区的时频电磁采集、处理、解释技术方案,即两项针对性采集方案设计和三项针对性处理、解释技术。利用GeoEast软件系统,基于深度学习开展时频电磁多参数智能油气预测。根据时频电磁解释成果,在时频电磁强异常区域部署并完钻Z6井,获得工业油气流,表明时频电磁预测结果与实钻结果吻合,证实了在黄土塬覆盖区利用时频电磁技术对侏罗系薄储层进行油气预测的可靠性。

信息视角下数据犯罪的前置化定位及其立法边界

数据犯罪理论研究混乱的根本原因系理论界难以抛弃“数据与信息概念混同”的路径依赖。以数据为信息的概念混同既不合乎既有法律,亦致使数据犯罪与信息犯罪之间的关系始终不明,在我国尚未建立数据犯罪体系的当下,数据犯罪相关研究也因此陷入相对混乱的境地。对此,应从考察数据犯罪的刑法定位着手,摒弃传统充实数据犯罪的法益内涵的研究惯性,转而通过数据与信息的客观属性与立法区分,得出“数据犯罪的刑法定位系信息犯罪的前置化”的逻辑结论。在此前提之下,可以进一步明确数据犯罪的保护法益应是数据的保密性、可用性、完整性,如此也可支撑数据犯罪体系建构的立法边界。具体而言,一方面,在进行相关数据犯罪立法时应考虑以下原则性要求:既将数据犯罪与计算机信息系统犯罪分离,并将其设置为抽象危险犯,又设置专门的刑法条文指引数据犯罪与其他犯罪的罪数判断问题;另一方面,立法新增的数据犯罪也应当控制在一定的范围之内,既要严格控制故意犯罪罪名设置的数量,又要排除处罚过失数据犯罪的行为。

颅脑损伤后发生进展性出血性损伤的影响因素分析

目的 通过对比颅脑损伤患者的相关数据,为临床上针对颅内进展性出血性损伤寻找有效的影响因素,以便临床上及时干预提供理论支持。方法 分析90例颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,根据伤后10 h内是否出现颅内进展性出血性损伤分为进展组(n=38)与稳定组(n=52)。比较两组入院时CT征象异常率、发病到入院后首次CT时间、性别、年龄、入院格拉斯哥昏迷评分法(GCS)评分、凝血功能异常率,分析颅脑损伤后发生进展性出血性损伤的影响因素。结果 进展组入院时CT征象异常率76.3%、年龄(48.71±13.61)岁、凝血功能异常率73.7%大于稳定组的5.8%、(41.97±13.37)岁、21.2%,发病到入院后首次CT时间(1.05±0.36)h短于稳定组的(1.58±0.54)h,入院GCS评分(9.92±2.48)分低于稳定组的(11.35±2.71)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组女性占比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以是否发生进展性出血性损伤为因变量,差异有统计学意义的相关因素为自变量,经多因素Logistic回归分析显示:入院时CT征象异常、年龄、入院GCS评分、凝血功能异常是颅脑损伤后发生进展性出血性损伤的独立危险因素,发病到入院后首次CT时间是独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 颅脑损伤后颅内进展性出血性损伤的出现可能是由多种因素共同作用的结果 ,临床应重点关注其发生的各种影响因素,有利于预判进展性出血性损伤的发生。

语序与半虚功能词对汉语零动词存在句成句的制约作用

存在句一直是汉语语法研究的重点问题,一百年来产生了很多重要的研究成果,但对于句法上缺省B段动词的零动词存在句较少专文论述。文章提出,只有A段和C段的“NPL+NP2”既是名词谓语句的次类,也是存在句的次类。A段和C段分别表示处所和存在物,高层语义表存在,其述谓功能体现在半虚功能词必须确保句首名词表处所,句末名词表非特定事物的有无及多少。语序要求严格:一方面要满足表义上从整体到部分、从背景到图像的语序,另一方面要满足信息结构上从话题到说明的自然顺序。零动词存在句焦点结构与一般的有动词句不同,其焦点不是论元焦点,而是宽焦点,因此NP2不具有独立性,不能回指。

动态形容词谓语句中的量变与质变及其对句法结构的影响

“质”和“量”是客观世界的两种基本现象,形容词体现质与量的统一,动态形容词谓语句“NP+A+X”(X为体标记)则是质变与量变的语言表征。认知语法中的认知参照关系是基于人类基本经验和普遍认知能力的,是动态形容词谓语句质变与量变概念化的理论基础。含有不同体标记的动态形容词谓语句质变与量变的概念化有差异,这种差异可为动态形容词谓语句与程度副词及时间补语不同的兼容度提供认知理据。

基于功能对等的“很+形”谓语句英译对比研究——兼论葛浩文的译文风格

现代汉语“很+形”谓语句中的程度副词“很”只是性质形容词做谓语的一种形式“标记”,几乎丧失了作为强化词的表达功能。本文基于“功能对等”理论视角,运用语料库的研究手段,以William Dolby、Jeanne Kelly、杨宪益与戴乃迭译文为参照,同时参照英文小说《京华烟云》相同结构的汉语译文,对比考察葛浩文英译本中“很+形”谓语句译文的功能对等状况。研究发现,“很+形”谓语句的葛浩文译文功能对等程度明显高于其他三位译者;绝大多数“很”的葛浩文英译文没有寻求形式上的词对词对等,而是通过改变原文形式、保留原文意义的方法达到译文与原文真正意义上的功能对等。

“姓+名”的结构关系分析

“姓+名”作为“N1+N2”结构,它既不是偏正结构也不是并列结构,更不是主谓结构。根据谓词隐含的观念,“姓+名”间隐含着谓词“叫”或“姓”。从其隐含的谓词看,“姓+名”是同位结构。这是一种相对同位结构。“姓+名”通过了加“也就是(即)”、加“这个”和“去掉任何一个”等同位关系的句法测试。作为“姓+名”的专有名词不同于一般的专有名词(如地名等),“姓+名”中的“姓”或“名”皆能独立运用,“姓+名”中N1和N2在语义上同指,在语境中同指一人。