Study on Curing Effect and the Waste Heat Recovering Equipment Design of Flue Gas of Bulk Curing Barn

In order to realize tobacco curing with energy saving and emission reduc- ing and lower cost, the waste heat recovering equipment was designed and built on blowing-upward type bulk curing barn. The comparative experiment of tobacco leaf curing was conducted between a bulk curing barn with waste heat of flue gas and conventional bulk curing barn. The results showed that the effect of saving coal in bulk curing barn with waste heat of flue gas was obvious than the contrast. The coal consumption quantity was 1.531 kg per kg of dry tobacco leaf. The saving coal in bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas was 0.181 kg per kg of dry tobacco leaf than the contrast and saving coal rate was 10.57%. The electricity consumption quantity was 0.593 kWh per kg of dry tobacco leaf. The saving elec- tricity quantity in bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas was 0.022 kWh/kg and the saving electricity rate was 3.58% than the contrast. The saving curing cost was 0.158 yuan per kg of dry tobacco leaf and saving cost rate 9.09% in bulk cur- ing barn with use waste heat of flue gas than the contrast. The appearance quality, grade structure and primary chemical composition had no significant difference be- tween bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas and the contrast.

Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Concentration Around Bulk Curing Barn Group

This study was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of SO2 mass concentration around baking barn groups. A bulk curing barn group was selected as monitoring object, and SO2 concentration around it was monitored for 2 years. The results showed that the SO2 mass concentration within 30-130 m from the baking barn group exceeded the standard, and with the ground as reference, the SO2 mass concentration at the position 0.9-2.1 m from the ground exceeded the stan- dard. According to the limit value of the SO2 mass concentration for sensitive crops, the SO2 mass concentrations over the standard were concentrated within the range of 200-300 m. On the basis of establishment of ＂sulfur control＂, ＂sulfur reduction＂ and ＂sulfur avoiding＂ system, the SO2 emission status of baking barn groups could be improved from the conversion of heat supply method, the utilization of clean en- ergy and adjustment of crop sensitive period and sensitive area.

Doing a Good Job in Inspection and Maintenance of Facilities and Equipments in Bulk Curing Barn

Due to the limited management funds and insufficient management efforts,curing barns in traditional tobacco area are outdated and equipments are seriously damaged,which affects the normal operation and increases the maintenance cost of bulk curing barns,bringing adverse effects on tobacco leaf curing in the coming year and the sustainable development of tobacco industry in the future.To ensure the normal operation of curing barns and effectively prolong the service life of curing barns during tobacco leaf curing,we should do a good job in the publicity of management and maintenance,improve the system of management and maintenance,raise funds for management and maintenance,inspect facilities and equipments,carefully maintain equipments in curing barn and strictly perform examination and inspection.

Effects of Different Flue-curing Barns on Aroma Quality of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of K326

[Objective] This study was conducted to compare the aroma quality of up-per leaves of K326 flue-cured in different barns, and provide theoretical references for the development and optimization of bulk curing barn and the supporting tech-niques. [Method] The upper leaves of K326 were flue-cured in a commonness barn, a four-shelf bulk curing barn and a three-shelf bulk curing barn separately, and then the contents of aroma components and taste quality indices of the finished leaves were measured and compared. [Result] The contents of total aroma components, chromoplast pigment degradation products, phenylalanine aroma components and neophytadiene showed no significant differences in the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn and commonness barn, but were significantly or very significantly higher than those in the leaves flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn. The con-tents of carotenoid degradation products, Mail ard reaction products, cembranes aro-ma components and total aroma components （except neophytadiene） showed no significant difference among the three treatments. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that the sensory taste of the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn was the best, as the finished leaves had rich, delicate aroma, comfortable and clean aftertaste. The leaves flue-cured in commonness barn was better than those flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn in aroma quality, amount and aftertaste. [Conclusion] The four-shelf bulk curing barn had a large volume for tobacco leaf processing, but a similar baking environment to the commonness barn, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of aroma components, so the finished leaves had similar appearance and quality with those flue-cured in commonness barn. The upper flue-cured leaves in three-shelf bulk curing bran had poorer quality than those flue-cured in the other two barns.

改良热泵密集烤房烘烤工艺及其效果分析

为进一步利用热泵密集烤房优势,解决热泵密集烤房与现有工艺不匹配、初烤烟叶化学成分提升不明显等问题,对传统三段式烘烤工艺进行改良,对初烤烟叶的主要化学成分、石油醚提取物、多酚类物质、香气代谢产物及评吸质量进行分析。结果表明:与传统三段式烘烤工艺相比,可变频密集烤房采用改良三段式烘烤工艺后效果较好,其初烤烟叶化学成分赋值提高8.9%,淀粉含量下降20.0%,中性致香物质含量提高0.7%,多酚类物质含量提高49.4%,评吸得分提高6.2%。说明改良三段式烘烤工艺可促进烟叶香气代谢产物的积累和化学质量、评吸质量的提高。综合分析,改良后的三段式烘烤工艺能够有效提升热泵密集烤房初烤烟叶质量,有较好的实用价值。

变容积密集烤房的CFD分析与试验研究

为保障密集烤房装烟密度,降低烘烤的能源消耗,研发一套适用于密集烤房的变容积系统。在完成变容积装置的设计后,基于CFD方法模拟分析装置与烟叶的不同距离对烤房内部气体分布均匀性的影响。通过烘烤试验获取实际烘烤数据,对模拟值加以验证。试验结果表明:当隔板与烟叶距离为0 cm时,流速不均匀系数Kv为0.40,温度不均匀系数Kt为0.41,距离为10 cm时,Kv=0.41,Kt=0.43;距离为20 cm时,Kv=0.42,Kt=0.49。装烟区9个测量点的温度模拟值与实测值基本吻合,误差在6%以内。变容积烤房在装烟量为一半时,相比常规烤房的燃料消耗可节约13.4%。研究结果表明:当隔板与烟叶距离为0 cm时烤房内部的气体分布最均匀;CFD模型与数值模拟结果具有可靠性;变容积装置具有较好的保温效果,可保证装烟密度,降低烤烟能耗。

不同新能源类型密集烤房烘烤效果研究

通过烘烤试验对比,从烤房建造成本、运行参数、烘烤能耗用工、控温精度、烤后烟叶外观质量、化学成分、经济效益等方面探索内置式生物质烤房、密闭式热泵烤房、光伏一体化烤房的烘烤效果,旨在筛选曲靖烟区最适宜的烤房类型,并为烟草行业的绿色可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明,密闭式热泵烤房烘烤能耗和用工成本较低,控温精度、烤后烟叶质量、经济效益较好,是目前最适宜曲靖烟区的烤房类型;光伏一体化烤房建造成本高昂,且烘烤效果表现一般,目前推广难度较大,但可作为未来烤房的发展方向;内置式生物质烤房建设使用门槛较低,可在生物质颗粒供方市场成熟和电力配套设施不齐全的烟区加以应用。

密集烤房排湿余热回收系统性能研究

针对密集烤房开式排湿造成的能源浪费问题,设计了一种利用重力热管的排湿余热回收系统。通过烘烤试验研究,得到了排湿气流的状态参数和燃料消耗量。结果表明,密集烤房排湿余热回收系统的平均显热效率为36.61%,平均全热效率为15.97%;与对照烤房相比,每公斤干烟可节约燃料0.22kg,节能率达到9.11%,该系统具有良好的工程应用价值。

密集烤房不同装烟方式对烟叶质量及效益的影响

为优化密集烤房装烟方式,充分发挥烤烟密集烘烤的优势,对散叶烘烤、烟夹持烟、烟竿编烟3种装烟方式烤后烟叶的外观质量、评吸质量、经济性状及烘烤能耗成本进行了比较研究。结果表明,烟夹持烟烤后烟叶橘黄烟比例比烟竿编烟烘烤高11.11%,散叶烘烤的杂色烟比例明显低于烟夹持烟和烟竿编烟;散叶烘烤和烟夹持烟烤后烟叶的评吸质量均优于烟竿编烟;散叶烘烤烟叶的中上等烟比例和均价最高;烟夹持烟烘烤的耗煤、耗电成本最低。综合烤后烟叶的经济性状和能耗成本,以烟夹持烟的效益最好。因此,在其他烘烤设施和烘烤技术配套的前提下,烟夹持烟可以替代传统的烟竿编烟;散叶烘烤是密集烤房装烟方式的发展方向之一。

普通标准化烤房改造为密集式烤房适宜装烟密度研究

将标准化气流上升式普通烤房（2．7m×2．7m）改造为密集式烤房，按几种不同的编烟方式和竿距组合装烟进行烘烤，并分析烤后烟叶的内外品质，结果表明，普通1．5m长的烟竿，烟叶每束3片捆绑，每竿50束捆绑，竿距14-16cm效果较好。

密集烤房研究进展与展望

阐述了国内外密集烤房及其设备发展演变的历程,并就密集烤房与普通烤房对烘烤环境、烘烤过程中烟叶的变化和烤后烟叶品质的影响进行对比分析,在此基础上分析了造成目前密集烘烤烟叶外观质量降低、光滑烟形成、香气降低的原因,总结了密集烘烤的优缺点与特殊性,认为密集烤房将成为我国烘烤设备发展的必然趋势。

热泵型烟叶自控密集烤房的应用研究

对热泵型烟叶自控密集烤房与普通烤房的性能及其所烤烟叶的品质进行了对比试验。结果表明,热泵型烟叶自控密集烤房性能较好,平面温差和垂直温差较小,风速适宜,通风排湿顺畅,烤房的能耗及用工减少;所烤烟叶颜色加深且色度均匀,平衡含水率和填充值适宜,出丝率高,化学成分间比例协调,香气质好,香气量足;说明热泵型烟叶自控密集烤房较普通烤房显著提高了烟叶的烘烤质量。

纳米涂料在烤烟密集烘烤中的应用

【目的】探讨纳米涂料在烤烟密集烘烤过程中的节能提质效果。【方法】将纳米涂料喷涂于密集烤房装烟室内壁,研究其对烘烤时间、耗煤量、耗电量、热能利用率、烟叶等级结构和经济效益等的影响。【结果】纳米涂料处理可缩短烘烤时间16 h,烘烤每kg干烟叶节煤21.96%,节电12.5%,烤房热效率提高10.75%;上中等烟比例增加10.12%,烟农增收1976.25元/hm2。【结论】纳米涂料对密集烤房有明显的节能提质作用。

密集烤房不同装烟方式的烘烤效果

为探索现代烟草农业省工降本措施,设计了常规挂竿、散叶堆放、散叶烟筐、烟夹4种密集烤房装烟方式试验,对其省工、节能效果进行了研究。结果表明,与常规挂竿装烟方式相比,散叶堆放、散叶烟筐、烟夹装烟方式均显著降低烤烟烘烤环节的用工成本和耗能成本,其中装卸烟用工成本降低70%以上、耗煤成本降低18%以上、耗电成本降低10%以上。此外,不同装烟方式烘烤后烟叶经济性状、外观品质与化学成分含量无明显差异。

热泵型烟叶烤房的设计探究

根据热泵原理设计开发了收集空气中热能的烟叶烤房。实践证明:相对于燃煤烤房,热泵烤房具有环保,降低烘烤成本和劳动强度,有效提高烘烤质量等优势。

烟叶烘烤密集型烤房节能技术途径分析

简要分析了中国密集型烤房烟叶烘烤能耗现状及目前密集型烤房加热设备存在的主要问题。在此基础上,结合太阳能及低温余热利用、换热器强化换热、烤房内气流组织优化设计、围护结构隔热、空气源热泵等节能技术,初步探讨了密集型烤房的节能技术途径。

密集烤房的研究进展

系统地介绍了国内外密集烤房的历史演变,阐述了我国密集烤房研究的关键技术,并分析了密集烤房应用中存在的问题及解决途径。认为密集烤房必将成为我国烘烤设备的发展方向。

不同烘烤方法对烟叶质量及香味成分的影响

为了改进烘烤方法,提高烟叶烘烤质量,研究了延时密集烘烤、普通密集烘烤及小烤房传统烘烤3种烘烤方法对烤后烟叶质量及香味成分含量的影响。结果表明,在密集烘烤过程中,适度延长变黄期和定色期稳温时间,可提高烟叶外观质量及感官质量,化学成分更趋协调,同时有利于提高烟叶质体色素、西柏烷类及苯丙氨酸类的降解产物含量。

清洁能源在烤烟密集烤房中的应用研究进展

为清洁能源在烤烟密集烤房中的应用及研究提供参考,阐述了太阳能、热泵技术、生物质能源和电能等清洁能源在烤烟密集烤房上的应用效果,分析了国内密集烤房烘烤清洁能源的发展前景,最后从加强烟草行业的政策支持、加大烤烟清洁能源的研发投入和完善清洁能源服务体系建设方面提出当前推进我国烟区清洁能源发展的建议。

烤烟烘烤技术现状与发展趋势

烘烤是烟叶生产的重要技术环节。本文针对我国烤烟烘烤技术现状,分析了当前存在的问题,展望了今后的发展方向,指出烘烤技术要实现精准控制,彰显特色烟叶的本质风格。要因地制宜实现烘烤环节的机械化。要重视节能降耗,使用清洁能源。统一烤房设备标准、完善技术规范,为现代烟草农业和专业化烘烤的发展奠定理论基础。