15 nm Bulk nFinFET器件性能研究及参数优化

为研究Bulk FinFET工作时基本结构参数、器件温度和栅极材料对其性能的影响,建立了一个15 nm n型Bulk FinFET器件模型,仿真分析了不同栅长、鳍宽、鳍高、沟道掺杂浓度、器件工作温度、栅极材料对器件性能的影响,发现增长栅长、降低鳍宽和增加鳍高有助于抑制短沟道效应;1×10^(17)cm^(-3)以下的低沟道掺杂浓度对器件特性影响不大,但高掺杂会使器件失效;器件工作温度的升高会导致器件性能的下降;采用高K介质材料作为栅极器件性能优于传统材料SiO_(2)。

Anisotropic Band Evolution of Bulk Black Phosphorus Induced by Uniaxial Tensile Strain

We investigate the anisotropic band structure and its evolution under tensile strains along different crystallographic directions in bulk black phosphorus(BP)using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory.The results show that there are band crossings in the Z-L(armchair)direction.

单细胞测序与Bulk RNA测序联合分析构建膀胱癌风险预后模型

目的本研究致力于开发一种基于膀胱癌核心细胞差异性表达基因的预后风险评估模型。通过在多个数据集中验证其效力,旨在为膀胱癌患者提供一个新的临床应用工具,用于预后风险评估。方法本研究综合利用了单细胞和Bulk RNA测序数据。我们首先从GEO数据库下载并分析了相关的膀胱癌单细胞和芯片RNA数据集。通过生物信息学方法,我们鉴定了核心细胞的差异性表达基因,并对其进行了功能及通路富集分析。基于这些分析,我们使用单变量和多变量Cox回归方法筛选出与膀胱癌预后显著相关的关键基因,并据此构建了一个预后风险评估模型。该模型在TCGA-BLCA数据集中进一步进行了效力验证。结果经过全面的生物信息学分析,我们鉴定出了223个核心细胞的差异性表达基因。这些基因在细胞外基质的结构和功能方面发挥着重要作用。构建的预后风险评估模型包括5个独立的预后相关基因(MFAP5、PDE4D、ISG15、ADAMTS1和FGL2)。在GEO和TCGA-BLCA数据集中的验证结果表明,该模型具有良好的预测效力,为膀胱癌患者的预后评估提供新型生物学标志工具。结论本研究成功开发了一个基于5个关键基因标志物的膀胱癌预后风险评估模型并具有良好的预测效力。此模型的开发为膀胱癌的生物学研究和临床预后评估提供了一个新的工具,有助于更好地理解膀胱癌的生物学特性并指导患者的个性化治疗。

Understanding the correlation between energy-state mismatching and open-circuit voltage loss in bulk heterojunction solar cells

Photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer(PICT)determines the voltage loss in bulk heterojunction(BHJ)organic photovoltaics(OPVs),and this voltage loss can be minimized by inducing efficient PICT,which requires energy-state matching between the donor and acceptor at the BHJ interfaces.Thus,both geometrically and energetically accessible delocalized state matching at the hot energy level is crucial for achieving efficient PICT.In this study,an effective method for quantifying the hot state matching of OPVs was developed.The degree of energy-state matching between the electron donor and acceptor at BHJ interfaces was quantified using a mismatching factor(MF)calculated from the modified optical density of the BHJ.Furthermore,the correlation between the open-circuit voltage(Voc)of the OPV device and energy-state matching at the BHJ interface was investigated using the calculated MF.The OPVs with small absolute MF values exhibited high Voc values.This result clearly indicates that the energy-state matching between the donor and acceptor is crucial for achieving a high Voc in OPVs.Because the MF indicates the degree of energy-state matching,which is a critical factor for suppressing energy loss,it can be used to estimate the Voc loss in OPVs.

Comparison of a Spectral Bin and Two Multi-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes for Supercell Simulation:Investigation into Key Processes Responsible for Hydrometeor Distributions and Precipitation

There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization(MP)schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties.Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with“full”Hebrew University spectral bin MP(HU-SBM),and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP(BMP)schemes.HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations,accompanied by less rain evaporation.HU-SBM produces more cloud ice(plates),graupel,and hail than the BMPs,yet precipitates less at the surface.The limiting mass bins(and subsequently,particle size)of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs.Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM,together with snow–graupel collisions,leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs.Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes.Still,they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain,NSSL hail,and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface.Conversely,the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions(PSDs)into spectral bins.The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics,fall speed,hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates,and MP PSD design.

基于Bulk MicroMegas探测器的高能中子束空间分布测量

为验证中国原子能科学研究院(CIAE)自研的100 MeV回旋加速器中的高能中子束是否符合设计要求,利用自研的Bulk MicroMegas微结构气体探测器对该加速器中子场的空间分布进行了首次试验测量。首先通过模拟计算得到不同厚度聚乙烯(PE)转化膜对不同能量高能中子的转化效率、反冲质子的动能谱与角通量谱、反冲质子在Bulk MicroMegas气体探测器内的沉积能量谱以及中子与探测器结构物质反应产物占比等;然后利用Bulk MicroMegas探测器测量该回旋加速器产生的高能中子场在不同能量和距离处28个点位的中子通量分布,并根据通量分布计算中子束斑半径。结果表明,Bulk MicroMegas微结构气体探测器可以实现对高能中子场束斑边界成像,中子通量随束斑半径的变化关系符合常见束斑边界拟合函数;束斑半径测量结果与模拟计算结果接近。

Mixed Cations Enabled Combined Bulk and Interfacial Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Here,we report a mixed GAI and MAI(MGM)treatment method by forming a 2D alternating-cation-interlayer(ACI)phase(n=2)perovskite layer on the 3D perovskite,modulating the bulk and interfacial defects in the perovskite films simultaneously,leading to the suppressed nonradiative recombination,longer lifetime,higher mobility,and reduced trap density.Consequently,the devices’performance is enhanced to 24.5%and 18.7%for 0.12 and 64 cm^(2),respectively.In addition,the MGM treatment can be applied to a wide range of perovskite compositions,including MA-,FA-,MAFA-,and CsFAMA-based lead halide perovskites,making it a general method for preparing efficient perovskite solar cells.Without encapsulation,the treated devices show improved stabilities.

A review on developing high-performance ZE41 magnesium alloy by using bulk deformation and surface modification methods

Magnesium(Mg)alloys are generally used in light-weight structural applications due to their higher specific strength.However,the usage of these Mg alloys is limited due to their poor formability at room temperature,which is attributed to lower count of slip systems associated with the hcp crystal structure.To address these limitations,several new magnesium alloys and also many processing strategies have been developed and reported in the literature.ZE41 Mg is an alloy with significant quantities of zinc(Zn)and rare earth(RE)elements and has emerged as a promising material for aerospace,automotive,electronics,biomedical and many other industries.To make this alloy more competitive and viable,it should possess better mechanical and corrosion properties.Hence,the current paper reviews the effect of bulk mechanical processing on grain refinement,microstructural modification,and corresponding changes in the mechanical behaviour of ZE41Mg alloy.Further,the effect of various surface modification techniques on altering the surface microstructure and surface properties such as wear and corrosion are also briefly summarized and presented.This review also discusses the challenges and the future perspectives in developing high-performing ZE41 Mg alloys.

Diffusionless-Like Transformation Unlocks Pseudocapacitance with Bulk Utilization: Reinventing Fe_(2)O_(3) in Alkaline Electrolyte

Energy density can be substantially raised and even maximized if the bulk of an electrode material is fully utilized.Transition metal oxides based on conversion reaction mechanism are the imperative choice due to either constructing nanostructure or intercalation pseudocapacitance with their intrinsic limitations.However,the fully bulk utilization of transition metal oxides is hindered by the poor understanding of atomic-level conversion reaction mechanism,particularly it is largely missing at clarifying how the phase transformation(conversion reaction)determines the electrochemical performance such as power density and cyclic stability.Herein,α-Fe_(2)O_(3) is a case provided to claim how the diffusional and diffusionless transformation determine the electrochemical behaviors,as of its conversion reaction mechanism with fully bulk utilization in alkaline electrolyte.Specifically,the discharge productα-FeOOH diffusional from Fe(OH)2 is structurally identified as the atomic-level arch criminal for its cyclic stability deterioration,whereas the counterpartδ-FeOOH is theoretically diffusionless-like,unlocking the full potential of the pseudocapacitance with fully bulk utilization.Thus,such pseudocapacitance,in proof-of-concept and termed as conversion pseudocapacitance,is achieved via diffusionless-like transformation.This work not only provides an atomic-level perspective to reassess the potential electrochemical performance of the transition metal oxides electrode materials based on conversion reaction mechanism but also debuts a new paradigm for pseudocapacitance.

Bulk moduli of two-dimensional Yukawa solids and liquids obtained from periodic compressions

Langevin dynamical simulations are performed to determine the bulk modulus in twodimensional(2D) dusty plasmas from uniform periodic radial compressions. The bulk modulus is calculated directly from its physical definition of the ratio of the internal pressure/stress to the volume strain. Under various conditions, the bulk moduli obtained agree with the previous theoretical derivations from completely different approaches. It is found that the bulk moduli of2D Yukawa solids and liquids are almost independent of the system temperature and the external compressional frequency.

Enhanced charge separation by interchain hole delocalization in nonfullerene acceptor-based bulk heterojunction materials

Bulk heterojunction(BHJ)composites show improved power conversion efficiencies when optimized in terms of morphology using various film processing methods.A reduced carrier recombination loss in an optimized BHJ was characterized previously.However,the driving force that leads to this reduction was not clearly understood.In this study,we focus on the decreased carrier recombination loss and its driving force in optimized nonfullerene acceptor-based PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F BHJ composites.We demonstrate that the optimized BHJ shows deactivation in the sub-nanosecond nongeminate carrier recombination process.The driving force for this deactivation was determined to be the improved interchain hole delocalization between the polymers.An enhanced interchain hole delocalization was observed using steady-state photoinduced absorption(PIA)spectroscopy.In particular,increased splitting between the polaron PIA bands was noted.Moreover,improved interchain hole delocalization was observed for other state-of-the-art BHJ materials,including D18:Y6 with optimized morphologies.

Effect of thickness on magnetic properties of single domain GdBCO bulk superconductors

To study the influence of thickness on the magnetic properties of ReBCO(Re = Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, etc.) bulk superconductors, a single domain gadolinium barium copper oxide(GdBCO) bulk superconductor fabricated by the Re + 011 top seeded infiltration growth(Re + 011 TSIG) method was continuously sliced along the bottom to obtain samples of different thickness. The levitation force and attractive force of these samples were tested at 77 K in the zero-field-cooled(ZFC)state. It is found that as the sample thickness decreases, the levitation force decreases gradually whereas the attractive force increases. This is related to the varied ability to resist the penetration of magnetic field occasioned by varying sample thickness, which are deeply revealed by combining with the characteristics of the non-ideal type-II superconductor. Further,the levitation force exhibits a trend of slow initial change followed by rapid change, which may be attributed to the growth of the sample. Measurement of the trapped field shows that a similar distribution of trapped field at the top and bottom surfaces can be achieved by removing some materials from the bottom of the bulk. These results provide a reference for meeting the actual requirements of ReBCO bulks of different thicknesses and greatly contribute to practical designs and applications.

Dielectric polarization in MgFe_(2)O_(4) coating and bulk doping to enhance high-voltage cycling stability of Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2) cathode material

Charging P2-Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2)to 4.5 V for higher capacity is enticing.However,it leads to severe capacity fading,ascribing to the lattice oxygen evolution and the P2-O2 phase transformation.Here,the Mg Fe_(2)O_(4) coating and Mg,Fe co-doping were constructed simultaneously by Mg,Fe surface treatment to suppress lattice oxygen evolution and P2-O2 phase transformation of P2-Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2)at deep charging.Through ex-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)tests,we found that the Mg,Fe bulk co-doping could reduce the repulsion between transition metals and Na+/vacancies ordering,thus inhibiting the P2-O2 phase transition and significantly reducing the irreversible volume change of the material.Meanwhile,the internal electric field formed by the dielectric polarization of Mg Fe_(2)O_(4) effectively inhibits the outward migration of oxidized O^(a-)(a<2),thereby suppressing the lattice oxygen evolution at deep charging,confirmed by in situ Raman and ex situ XPS techniques.P2-Na NM@MF-3 shows enhanced high-voltage cycling performance with capacity retentions of 84.8% and 81.3%at 0.1 and 1 C after cycles.This work sheds light on regulating the surface chemistry for Na-layered oxide materials to enhance the high-voltage performance of Na-ion batteries.

箱式烘烤对烤后烟叶品质的影响

[目的]深入探讨箱式烘烤方式下烤烟综合品质特征,加快箱式烘烤技术在烤烟生产中的推广应用。[方法]以潍坊烟区NC55烟叶为试验材料,开展了箱式烘烤与传统挂竿烘烤对比试验,从外观质量、物理特性、常规成分、感官质量和化学成分多个维度系统分析了箱式烘烤下烟叶品质特性。[结果]与挂竿烘烤相比,箱式烘烤烟叶外观质量、物理特性和感官质量接近或高于挂竿烘烤;箱式烘烤中部烟叶总糖、还原糖、淀粉、糖碱比显著高于挂竿烘烤,总氮和氮碱比显著低于挂竿烘烤,上部烟叶中仅淀粉箱式烘烤显著高于挂杆烘烤;箱式烘烤糖醇类香气前体物含量显著高于挂竿烘烤,中部烟叶大部分香气前体物和香气物质含量箱式烘烤低于挂竿烘烤,上部烟叶中差异相对较小。[结论]箱式烘烤2个部位烟叶品质大都较挂竿烘烤有不同程度的提升,可在实际生产中推广应用。

纳米纤维素在造纸法再造烟叶基片中的应用

为提高再造烟叶的物理性能,使用2种纳米纤维素(纤维素纳米晶须CNC和纤维素纳米纤丝CNF)替代部分木桨纤维,比较其对再造烟叶松厚度、抗张强度的影响,选择添加效果较好的纤维素纤丝,然后考察其不同添加量对再造烟叶松厚度、抗张强度、热解性能的影响,最后研究纳米纤维素的添加对再造烟叶主流烟气粒相物成分的影响。结果表明,在同一木浆纤维添加量下,添加CNF对再造烟叶抗张强度的提升效果强于CNC,且两者的添加对再造烟叶松厚度均无显著影响;在烟草浆料中添加CNF可以有效提高再造烟叶基片的抗张强度,随着CNF添加量的增加,造纸法再造烟叶基片的抗张强度随之增大;再造烟叶的热稳定性随CNF添加量的增加而增强,质量损失达到5%时温度(T-5%)、质量损失达到50%的温度(T-50%)和最终残渣量逐渐增加,而质量损失最大时温度(Tmax)未发生明显变化;添加少量CNF对再造烟叶主流烟气粒相物成分没有显著影响。CNF的添加可有效替代部分木浆纤维,从而降低木浆纤维的添加量,在提升再造烟叶抗张强度的同时,还提高了烟草薄片的热稳定性,为开发一种满足加工工艺需求的新型再造烟叶提供新思路。

变容积密集烤房的CFD分析与试验研究

为保障密集烤房装烟密度,降低烘烤的能源消耗,研发一套适用于密集烤房的变容积系统。在完成变容积装置的设计后,基于CFD方法模拟分析装置与烟叶的不同距离对烤房内部气体分布均匀性的影响。通过烘烤试验获取实际烘烤数据,对模拟值加以验证。试验结果表明:当隔板与烟叶距离为0 cm时,流速不均匀系数Kv为0.40,温度不均匀系数Kt为0.41,距离为10 cm时,Kv=0.41,Kt=0.43;距离为20 cm时,Kv=0.42,Kt=0.49。装烟区9个测量点的温度模拟值与实测值基本吻合,误差在6%以内。变容积烤房在装烟量为一半时,相比常规烤房的燃料消耗可节约13.4%。研究结果表明:当隔板与烟叶距离为0 cm时烤房内部的气体分布最均匀;CFD模型与数值模拟结果具有可靠性;变容积装置具有较好的保温效果,可保证装烟密度,降低烤烟能耗。

基于数字孪生的矿山散料堆场堆取料机智能监测系统

在许多涉及散料装卸作业的大型储料场中,斗轮堆取料机被视为当前最为理想的大型可连续作业机械,为了延长其使用寿命,降低维修成本并解决人工巡检不便的问题,提出了一种基于五维数字孪生的智能健康监测系统。通过机身外部布设光纤光栅传感器以及内置电机实时运转数据获取堆取料机的当前工作状态,并将数据传入内部信息交互通信网络进行数据的分离存储与融合处理,在消除双光栅由于机械疲劳所带来的温度补偿误差后,构建了多数据融合的、立体化的堆取料机数字健康模型,实现了堆取料机健康状态的智能化预测与立体化监测。通过在秦皇岛港散料矿物储料场的QL6000.55型斗轮堆取料机进行全系统的安装运行,极大促进了料场数字化进程,改变了管理模式,提高了生产效率,直接增加了经济效益。研究表明:该系统能够可靠地提供斗轮取料机的实时工作状态,对基本的故障类型有着一定的预警效果,降低了堆取料机维护的人力与物力投入,为矿区大型机械健康监测提供了有益参考。

不同容重等级微孔混凝土基本性能及微观结构研究

制备容重等级700~1300 kg/m^(3)的微孔混凝土试件,研究微孔混凝土干湿容重的关系,容重等级与抗压强度、吸水率、软化系数、抗折强度和折压比的关系,以及聚丙烯纤维对微孔混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度的影响。结果表明,微孔混凝土的容重越高,其抗压强度、抗折强度越大,吸水率越低,软化系数越高;1.4%体积掺量的聚丙烯纤维可以显著提高微孔混凝土的抗折强度。通过电镜观察和XRD分析,揭示了微孔混凝土的孔结构、水化产物的微观形貌、膨胀珍珠岩和聚丙烯纤维在胶凝材料中存在的形式及水化产物,从微观结构角度解释容重等级对微孔混凝土基本性能的影响。

改良热泵密集烤房烘烤工艺及其效果分析

为进一步利用热泵密集烤房优势,解决热泵密集烤房与现有工艺不匹配、初烤烟叶化学成分提升不明显等问题,对传统三段式烘烤工艺进行改良,对初烤烟叶的主要化学成分、石油醚提取物、多酚类物质、香气代谢产物及评吸质量进行分析。结果表明:与传统三段式烘烤工艺相比,可变频密集烤房采用改良三段式烘烤工艺后效果较好,其初烤烟叶化学成分赋值提高8.9%,淀粉含量下降20.0%,中性致香物质含量提高0.7%,多酚类物质含量提高49.4%,评吸得分提高6.2%。说明改良三段式烘烤工艺可促进烟叶香气代谢产物的积累和化学质量、评吸质量的提高。综合分析,改良后的三段式烘烤工艺能够有效提升热泵密集烤房初烤烟叶质量,有较好的实用价值。

城市污水处理过程污泥膨胀识别与抑制综述

污泥膨胀是活性污泥法污水处理过程中常见的一类异常工况,且具有严重危害性,研究污泥膨胀的识别和抑制方法对城市污水处理过程正常运行意义重大.本文主要针对城市污水处理过程中污泥膨胀的识别和抑制方法进行综述.首先,文章概述了城市污水处理过程,介绍了污泥膨胀的概念、主要特点、类型和成因;其次,概述了基于微生物生理特征、机理模型、图像识别和数据驱动的污泥膨胀识别方法,分析其发展现状并指出优缺点;然后,概述了基于过程调控和机理特征的污泥膨胀抑制方法,分析其发展现状并对比优缺点;最后,总结全文,指出了城市污水处理过程污泥膨胀识别和抑制面临的主要问题,并对其研究趋势进行了展望.