[Objectives]This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Bupleurum falcatum Linne interplanted with walnut in Ganluo and study the development and utilization value of other parts.[Methods]The contents of saikosaponins...[Objectives]This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Bupleurum falcatum Linne interplanted with walnut in Ganluo and study the development and utilization value of other parts.[Methods]The contents of saikosaponins a and d were determined with RP-HPLC,and the contents of 7 kinds of harmful elements were determined by ICP-MS.The quality of B.falcatum Linne was compared with that of other Bupleurum species.[Results]The total saikosaponin content in Radix Bupleurum Falcatum(15.894 mg/g)was higher than that in Radix Bupleuri of other origins(8.748 mg/g).The total saikosaponin content in leaves of B.falcatum Linne(7.518 mg/g)is more than twice the limit promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents of Al,Cr,Cu,As,Cd,Pb and Hg in B.falcatum Linne were all lower than the limits promulgated by the pharmacopoeia.In short,the quality of Radix Bupleurum Falcatum was better than that of Radix Bupleurum Marginatum(S3,S4)and Radix Bupleurum Sachalinense(S5).The leaves of B.falcatum Linne contained more saikosaponins and less harmful elements.[Conclusions]The method and technology of interplanting B.falcatum Linne with walnut in Ganluo are mature.The quality of the medicinal materials produced is superior,and the leaves are also rich in saikosaponins a and d,and can be used as the raw material for extracting saikosaponins a and d.This study provides a basis for further in-depth research on the cultivation of B.falcatum Linne in the domestic market.展开更多
Objective In order to distinguish the traditional Chinese medicine Bupleurum falcatum and its adulterants effectively and develop a better understanding of the factors affecting synonymous codon usage,codon usage patt...Objective In order to distinguish the traditional Chinese medicine Bupleurum falcatum and its adulterants effectively and develop a better understanding of the factors affecting synonymous codon usage,codon usage patterns of chloroplast genome,we determine the complete chloroplast(cp)genome of B.falcatum and clarify the main factors that influence codon usage patterns of 78 genes in B.falcatum chloroplast genome.Methods The total genomic DNA of fresh leaves from a single individual of B.falcatum was extracted with EASYspin plus Total DNA Isolation Kit and 2μg genome DNA was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2500 Sequencing Platform.The cp genome of B.falcatum was reconstructed with MITObim v1.8 and annotated in the program CPGAVAS2 with default parameters.Python script and Codon W were used to calculate the codon usage bias parameters.Results The full length of B.falcatum cp genome was 155851 bp,132 different genes were annotated in this cp genome containing 80 protein-coding genes,30 tRNA genes,and four rRNA genes.The codon usage models tended to use A/T-ending codons.The neutrality plot,ENC plot,PR2-Bias plot and correspondence analysis showed that both compositional constraint under selection and mutation could affect the codon usage models in B.falcatum cp genome.Furthermore,three optimal codons were identified and most of these three optimal codons ended with G/U.Conclusion The cp genome of B.falcatum has been characterized and the codon usage bias in B.falcatum cp genome is influenced by natural selection,mutation pressure and nucleotide composition.The results will provide much more barcode information for species discrimination and lay a foundation for future research on codon optimization of exogenous genes,genetic engineering and molecular evolution in B.falcatum.展开更多
基金Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province(2018NZ0113)Technology Research and Development and Promotion and Application Project of Liangshan Prefecture(17YYJS0084)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2018NQN13).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Bupleurum falcatum Linne interplanted with walnut in Ganluo and study the development and utilization value of other parts.[Methods]The contents of saikosaponins a and d were determined with RP-HPLC,and the contents of 7 kinds of harmful elements were determined by ICP-MS.The quality of B.falcatum Linne was compared with that of other Bupleurum species.[Results]The total saikosaponin content in Radix Bupleurum Falcatum(15.894 mg/g)was higher than that in Radix Bupleuri of other origins(8.748 mg/g).The total saikosaponin content in leaves of B.falcatum Linne(7.518 mg/g)is more than twice the limit promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents of Al,Cr,Cu,As,Cd,Pb and Hg in B.falcatum Linne were all lower than the limits promulgated by the pharmacopoeia.In short,the quality of Radix Bupleurum Falcatum was better than that of Radix Bupleurum Marginatum(S3,S4)and Radix Bupleurum Sachalinense(S5).The leaves of B.falcatum Linne contained more saikosaponins and less harmful elements.[Conclusions]The method and technology of interplanting B.falcatum Linne with walnut in Ganluo are mature.The quality of the medicinal materials produced is superior,and the leaves are also rich in saikosaponins a and d,and can be used as the raw material for extracting saikosaponins a and d.This study provides a basis for further in-depth research on the cultivation of B.falcatum Linne in the domestic market.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204567,81973430)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2020201006)+3 种基金Medical Science Foundation of Hebei University(2021B10)China University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(2022333)Advanced Talents Incubation Program of the Hebei University(521000981177,521000981170)Resources Development of“Qin Drug”of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Innovation Team Project(2019-QN01).
文摘Objective In order to distinguish the traditional Chinese medicine Bupleurum falcatum and its adulterants effectively and develop a better understanding of the factors affecting synonymous codon usage,codon usage patterns of chloroplast genome,we determine the complete chloroplast(cp)genome of B.falcatum and clarify the main factors that influence codon usage patterns of 78 genes in B.falcatum chloroplast genome.Methods The total genomic DNA of fresh leaves from a single individual of B.falcatum was extracted with EASYspin plus Total DNA Isolation Kit and 2μg genome DNA was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2500 Sequencing Platform.The cp genome of B.falcatum was reconstructed with MITObim v1.8 and annotated in the program CPGAVAS2 with default parameters.Python script and Codon W were used to calculate the codon usage bias parameters.Results The full length of B.falcatum cp genome was 155851 bp,132 different genes were annotated in this cp genome containing 80 protein-coding genes,30 tRNA genes,and four rRNA genes.The codon usage models tended to use A/T-ending codons.The neutrality plot,ENC plot,PR2-Bias plot and correspondence analysis showed that both compositional constraint under selection and mutation could affect the codon usage models in B.falcatum cp genome.Furthermore,three optimal codons were identified and most of these three optimal codons ended with G/U.Conclusion The cp genome of B.falcatum has been characterized and the codon usage bias in B.falcatum cp genome is influenced by natural selection,mutation pressure and nucleotide composition.The results will provide much more barcode information for species discrimination and lay a foundation for future research on codon optimization of exogenous genes,genetic engineering and molecular evolution in B.falcatum.
