Arterial traffic signal coordination model considering buses and social vehicles

Considering the difference in driving parameters of buses and social vehicles on the arterial,an arterial traffic signal coordination model that takes into account social vehicles and buses on the basis of the maximum bandwidth is proposed.By using the pre-set parameters of a common cycle,green/red duration and known parameters of bus dwell time distribution,link length and vehicle speed and solving the mixed-integer-linear programming and optimizing the signal offsets,the model obtains the signal control parameters of the green bands both of social vehicles and buses.Finally,taking Wangjiang Road in Hefei as an example,simulation and evaluation are carried out by VISSIM.The results show that the new model has 15.2%and 13.2%reduction in average person delay and number of stops,respectively,compared with the traditional coordinated control method.

The Environmental Impacts and Economic Benefits on Comprehensively Promoting Alternative Fuel Buses in China: Life-Cycle and Scenario Analysis Based on LEAP Model

With the continuous development of urban public transportation, the harmful GHG emissions and pollutants generated by itself and the consequent issues such as the losses of residents’ health, economic value and residents’ welfare have become the focus of social attention. In order to study the impacts of promoting new energy vehicles on public transportation pollution mitigation and residents’ health benefits, this paper adopts the LEAP model to build some scenarios that fulfill different development needs to quantitatively analyze the ownership of new energy buses, the reduction of pollutants and the losses of residents’ health welfare. It is concluded that promoting new energy buses comprehensively can significantly reduce the emissions of atmospheric pollutants and the economic losses of residents’ health, but cannot fully realize the targets of greenhouse gas reduction under Life Cycle Analysis.

COVID-19 transmission in U.S.transit buses:A scenario-based approach with agent-based simulation modeling(ABSM)

The transit bus environment is considered one of the primary sources of transmission of the COVID-19(SARSCoV-2)virus.Modeling disease transmission in public buses remains a challenge,especially with uncertainties in passenger boarding,alighting,and onboard movements.Although there are initial findings on the effectiveness of some of the mitigation policies(such as face-covering and ventilation),evidence is scarce on how these policies could affect the onboard transmission risk under a realistic bus setting considering different headways,boarding and alighting patterns,and seating capacity control.This study examines the specific policy regimes that transit agencies implemented during early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in USA,in which it brings crucial insights on combating current and future epidemics.We use an agent-based simulation model(ABSM)based on standard design characteristics for urban buses in USA and two different service frequency settings(10-min and 20-min headways).We find that wearing face-coverings(surgical masks)significantly reduces onboard transmission rates,from no mitigation rates of 85%in higher-frequency buses and 75%in lower-frequency buses to 12.5%.The most effective prevention outcome is the combination of KN-95 masks,open window policies,and half-capacity seating control during higher-frequency bus services,with an outcome of nearly 0%onboard infection rate.Our results advance understanding of COVID-19 risks in the urban bus environment and contribute to effective mitigation policy design,which is crucial to ensuring passenger safety.The findings of this study provide important policy implications for operational adjustment and safety protocols as transit agencies seek to plan for future emergencies.

Can Security Cameras On Public Buses Help Curb Onboard Crimes?

The traf fic authority ofGuangzhou, capital of south China’s Guangdong Province ,recently announced that videocamer as would be installed in every city bus in order to assist with commuter safety .

Buses,Bikes or Boots

If you have been in Beijing for any length of time, you will have come to realize that there are several modes of transportation available to commuters, all ofthem relatively in expensive, especially

An introduction on the demonstration performance of fuel cell buses (FCB) in Beijing

Since the 1990’s, hydrogen has found broad use in the traffic segment. Compared with conventional ones, hydrogen fuelled vehicles, a new generation of clean vehicles, produce no pollutants, with higher energy efficiency. In today’s world where the pollution is tougher, the "Zero Pollution" fuel cell buses display

NOVEL AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BASED ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER

As a matured technique used in many fields,the distributed computer system is still a new management method for the aeronautical electrical power distribution system in our country. In this paper, a novel aircraft electrical power distribution system based on the distributed computer system is proposed. The principles, features and structure of the aircraft electrical power distribution system and the distributed computer system named electrical load management system (ELMS) are studied. The ELMS composed of four electrical load management centers (ELMCs) and two power source processors (PSPs) operates in the 1553B buses. Principles of the ELMCs and the PSPs are introduced. With the application of the distributed computer system, the aircraft electrical power distribution system is simple, adaptable and flexible.

Delay and Energy Efficient Design of an On-Chip Bus with Repeaters Using a New Spatial and Temporal Encoding Technique

On-chip global buses in deep sub-micron designs consume significant amounts of energy and have large propagation delays. Thus, minimizing energy dissipation and propagation delay is an important design objective. In this paper, we propose a new spatial and temporal encoding approach for generic on-chip global buses with repeaters that enables higher performance while reducing peak energy and average energy. The proposed encoding approach exploits the benefits of a temporal encoding circuit and spatial bus-invert coding techniques to simultaneously eliminate opposite transitions on adjacent wires and reduce the number of self-transitions and coupling-transitions. In the design process of applying encoding techniques for reduced bus delay and energy, we present a repeater insertion design methodology to determine the repeater size and inter-repeater bus length, which minimizes the total bus energy dissipation while satisfying target delay and slew-rate constraints. This methodology is employed to obtain optimal energy versus delay trade-offs under slew-rate constraints for various encoding techniques.

ZnCl_2熔盐的分子动力学模拟

Busing potential function has been used for the computer simulation of ZnCl2 melts. The agreement between the calculated values of inter-ionicc distances and total internal energy with the experimental data are rather good.

Adams中钢丝绳索类物体建模方法研究

绳索类物体建模一直是虚拟样机设计中的难点,针对此类问题进行了探讨,得出了一种最佳的建模方法,并用此法成功地建立了钢丝绳的模型,并在矿井提升机虚拟样机设计中得到应用。

Voltage Stability Evaluation Incorporating Wind Power Intermittency

A simulation framework is proposed to evaluate the voltage stability of power systems incorporating wind power intermittency.Firstly，the power output modelings of three types of wind turbines are discussed.Secondly，the Jensen model is employed to simulate the wind farm with the wake effect.The Monte Carlo based technique is used to conduct the voltage stability evaluation incorporating the randomness of the wind speed based on the Weibull probability distribution.Thirdly，the relative sensitivity index（RSI）is calculated to identify weak buses during analysis.Finally，case studies with different simulation scenarios are carried out.Some statistical results involving weakness probability，expected value and variance of RSI as well as preliminary conclusions are drawn based on numerical simulation results.

Why Fast Trains Work: An Assessment of a Fast Regional Rail System in Perth, Australia

Perth’s new 72 km long Southern Rail System opened in 2007. With a maximum speed of 137 km/hr and an average speed of almost 90 km/hr this system acts more like a new high speed rail than a suburban rail system, which in Australia typically averages around 40 km/hr for an all-stops services. The Southern Rail Line was very controversial when being planned as the urban areas served are not at all typical of those normally provided with rail but instead were highly car dependent and scattered low density land uses. Nevertheless it has been remarkably successful, carrying over 70,000 people per day (five times the patronage on the express buses it replaced) and has reached the patronage levels predicted for 2021 a decade ahead of time. The reasons for this success are analyzed and include well-designed interchanges, careful integration of bus services, the use of integrated ticketing and fares without transfer penalties and, crucially the high speed of the system when compared to competing car based trips. The Southern Rail Line in effect explodes the current paradigm of transfer penalties, exposing this as a myth. The lessons for transport planning in low density cities are significant, and are explored further in the paper.

Identifying Existing Bus Service Condition and Analyzing Customer Satisfaction of Bus Service in Dhaka City

Bus systems provide a versatile form of public transportation with the flexibility to serve a variety of access needs throughout an urban area. Efficient operation of the public transport is a key factor for the improvement of living condition in Dhaka city. Transport service performance should be assessed from the passengers’ perspectives to evaluate these perceptions in transportation planning. The exploration of service quality of bus is essential in order to provide a better service in future. The objective of this research is to access overall customer satisfaction in public bus transport of Dhaka city. A questionnaire survey was conducted in five locations in Dhaka city. Bus users’ satisfaction was analyzed by discrete choice logit model towards quality, reliability, safety and security and service provided by buses functioning in Dhaka city. The result indicated that more than half of the respondents believed that the present condition of bus service is not satisfactory. In case of the quality of buses, people think that the body and sitting arrangement of the buses are uncomfortable. Regarding the safety and security condition, main three reasons of dissatisfaction of passengers’ are unsafe driving practices, poor boarding and alighting facilities and lack of law enforcing agencies surveillance. Reasons which make the service unsatisfactory include irregular service provided by buses, regular overcrowding, lack of good standard buses and lack of cleanliness. In spite of these negative views, users’ possessed a positive attitude for buses which is the low travel cost.

Investigating the Effects of the Driving Cycle and Penetration of Electric Vehicles on Technical and Environmental Characteristics of the Hybrid Energy System Considering Uncertainties

Electric vehicles(EVs)have received special consideration from modern society over the past several years.Although EVs are a fine example of environmentally friendly technology and have many advantages,they relatively increase the electricity demand upon a power grid as well.Therefore,their negative impact on busvoltage and line losses should be analyzed.In this study,the effect of EV loads and their penetration on bus voltage and line losses of an IEEE-33 bussystem has been examined via two scenarios.It is important to mention that the effect of EVs on the rate of air pollution,produced by fossil fuel electricity generators,has been investigated throughout the study.Also,the key role of demand response programs in the reduction of EVs’negative effects on the grid has also been discussed in the last scenario.Generally,the simulation of this paper provides a novel and wider perspective on EVs and their effect on grids and environmental pollution.

Drivetrain system of an ultracapacitor electric bus

This paper proposed a design of the drivetmin system of an electric bus with ultraeapacitor （UC） as the only on-board power source. The system includes three main parts, namely, UC bank, motor and the converter, vehicle management unit （VMU）. Analyses results in detail on the funetional design and ex-periments on work bench of each part were also presented, which validated the reliability of the system. Furthermore, driving results in field of the bus verified the feasibility of the design of the drivetrain sys-tem. The bus has very good dynamic performanees and shows a promising applieations prospeet in the short and medium route buses system.

Evaluation Index of Urban Public Bus Stops:Case Study of Passo Fundo/RS-Brazil

Bus stops are key elements of public transport system performance and in attending the population.The general objective of this article is to evaluate the physical conditions of public bus stops in the city of Passo Fundo/RS.Methodologically,statistical analysis of linear regression was used to elaborate the index of functionality of the bus stops,using the city of Passo Fundo/RS as a case study.Results report the conditions of urban public bus stops and discuss assessment and subsidy parameters for public policies for urban restructuring,aiming at improving the quality of public transport in medium-sized cities on a national and international scale.

First Aid Kit Uses among Commuter Bus Attendants in Nyamagana District, Mwanza City

Introduction: Provision of prehospital care in the event of a crash is vital to prevent loss of life and other severe outcomes. However, this involves adequate first aid knowledge and skills among vehicle attendants, and most importantly, the availability of the first aid kit items and knowing their uses. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, availability, and use of first aid kits among commuter bus attendants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nyamagana district, Mwanza, Tanzania in May 2018. A total of 240 were recruited randomly and interviewed using pretested questionnaires. Data was first entered in Microsoft Excel for data cleaning and consistent checks and thereafter exported to the software STATA for analysis. Results: Findings from the study showed that 22.9% of respondents had knowledge concerning first aid practice. Only 17.9% of the participants claimed to have ever had first aid training. All commuters had incompletely equipped first aid kits. Around 30.8% of the respondents reported having practiced giving first aid. Conclusion: The majority of commuter bus attendants were found to have insufficient knowledge of first aid and first aid kits, according to the current study. No vehicle had a complete kit despite the fact that the majority of the participants believed that having a first aid kit in the vehicle was essential. The majority of participants expressed a desire to assist and learn, indicating that efforts to train commuter attendants should be undertaken and potentially save lives.

Competitive Aspects in the Metropolitan Region of Recife Bidding Terms for the Delegation of Its Urban Bus System

This paper discusses aspects related to competitiveness in the ITB （invitation to bid） of the public tender for the concession of the urban bus public transport services in the RMR （Metropolitan Region of Recife） in the Brazilian northeastern region. The bid was made public through a consortium formed by the two major cities of the RMR--Recife and Olinda, and the government of the State of Pernambuco. Throughout the paper, the basic features of the bidding terms are presented and some aspects of these characteristics that undermine competitiveness are pointed out and submitted to criticisms. Aspects such as the small number of lots, the lack of diversification of lot sizes and the possibility of forming consortia with unlimited number of participants were targeted. In order to prove the criticisms stated, a simulation of an arrangement amongst incumbents is presented, based on the rules of the tender, in which the allocation of incumbents ex post bidding does not differ from the ex ante scenario. Thus, the main objective of this article is to assess whether good practices that foster competition were followed by the ITB and the main conclusion is that competitiveness was put in jeopardy.

Implementing Semantic Deduction of Propositional Knowledge in an Extension Multi-layer Perceptron

The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.