[Objectives]The extraction conditions of formula oolong tea were investigated by an orthogonal experiment.[Methods]The technical conditions were optimized by the 4C method,and the application of formula oolong tea ext...[Objectives]The extraction conditions of formula oolong tea were investigated by an orthogonal experiment.[Methods]The technical conditions were optimized by the 4C method,and the application of formula oolong tea extract in cigarettes was studied.[Results]①In the experimental range,the best sensory evaluation effect of formula oolong tea extract was obtained with extraction conditions of 70%ethanol as extraction solvent,extraction time h,extraction temperature 25℃,and ultrasonic frequency 80 kHz,and follow-up low-temperature concentration,low-temperature sedimentation and low-temperature centrifugation.②The effects of different centrifugal speeds on the quality of formula oolong tea extract were explored.The formula oolong tea extract obtained under the conditions of 3000 r/min and centrifugal time of 10 min showed the best evaluation effect with soft and delicate smoke,rich smoke fragrance,good comfort and refreshing mouthfeel.③The effective aroma components in the formula oolong tea extract were qualitatively analyzed by GC-MS.[Conclusions]This study provides high-quality raw materials and a theoretical basis for the research of independent flavor blending in cigarette industry enterprises.展开更多
Modern communication technologies put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.Metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives have been widely concerned with its diverse advantages.To bre...Modern communication technologies put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.Metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives have been widely concerned with its diverse advantages.To break the mindset of magneticderivative design,and make up the shortage of monometallic non-magnetic derivatives,we first try non-magnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives to achieve efficient EMW absorption.The porous carbon-wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 composites derived from PCN-415(TiZr-MOFs)are qualified with a minimum reflection loss of−67.8 dB(2.16 mm,13.0 GHz),and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.9 GHz(2.70 mm).Through in-depth discussions,the synergy of enhanced interfacial polarization and other attenuation mechanisms in the composites is revealed.Therefore,this work confirms the huge potentials of nonmagnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives in EMW absorption applications.展开更多
AIMTo investigate shear wave (SW) propagation velocity in patients with untreated hepatitis C and patients with sustained virological response (SVR). METHODSA total of 136 hepatitis C patients [85 patients who had not...AIMTo investigate shear wave (SW) propagation velocity in patients with untreated hepatitis C and patients with sustained virological response (SVR). METHODSA total of 136 hepatitis C patients [85 patients who had not received antiviral therapy (naïve group) and 51 patients who had received antiviral therapy and subsequently achieved SVR of at least 24 wk (SVR group)] and 58 healthy volunteers and outpatients without liver disease (control group) underwent evaluation of liver stiffness by SW elastography (SWE). Various parameters were evaluated in the chronic hepatitis C patients at the time of SWE. RESULTSSW propagation velocity (Vs) was 1.23 ± 0.14 m/s in the control group, 1.56 ± 0.32 m/s in the SVR group, and 1.69 ± 0.31 m/s in the naïve group. Significant differences were seen between the control group and the SVR group (P = 0.0000) and between the SVR group and the naïve group (P = 0.01417). All four fibrosis markers were higher in the naïve group than in the SVR group. In the naïve group, Vs was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r = 0.5372), α feto protein (AFP) (r = 0.4389), type IV collagen (r = 0.5883), procollagen III peptide (P-III-P) (r = 0.4140), hyaluronic acid (r = 0.4551), and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) (r = 0.6092) and negatively correlated with albumin (r = -0.4289), platelets (r = -0.5372), and prothrombin activity (r = -0.5235). On multiple regression analysis, Vs was the most strongly correlated with ALT (standard partial regression std β = 0.4039, P = 0.00000). In the SVR group, Vs was positively correlated with AFP (r = 0.6977), type IV collagen (r = 0.5228), P-III-P (r = 0.5812), hyaluronic acid (r = 0.5189), and M2BPGi (r = 0.6251) and negatively correlated with albumin (r = -0.4283), platelets (r = -0.4842), and prothrombin activity (r = -0.4771). On multiple regression analysis, Vs was strongly correlated with AFP (standard partial regression std β = 0.5953, P = 0.00000) and M2BPGi (standard partial regression std β= 0.2969, P = 0.03363). CONCLUSIONIn hepatitis C patients, liver stiffness is higher in treatment-naïve patients than in those showing SVR. SWE may be a predictor of hepatocarcinogenesis in SVR patients.展开更多
The cathodic wave of vitamin C has not been reported in the literature so far.Its E_(1/2)was found at-1.85 volt vs.Ag/AgCl(25℃)in the base solution of 0.1mol/L Bu_4NI.Various electrochemical and spectral techniques w...The cathodic wave of vitamin C has not been reported in the literature so far.Its E_(1/2)was found at-1.85 volt vs.Ag/AgCl(25℃)in the base solution of 0.1mol/L Bu_4NI.Various electrochemical and spectral techniques were used for studying the electrode reaction. They all showed that the electrode reaction was quasi-reversible while C was more than 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L and mainly adsorptive while C was less than 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L at a mercury electrode.The electron transfer number was 2 and the electron transfer coefficient 0.57. Using DPP techniques,the linear response range was 5.0×10^(-7)-2.0×10^(-3)mol/L and the detection limit 1×10^(-7)mol/L.展开更多
编码复杂的Wave Union决定了时间数字转换器的"死时间"。如选择合适的发射器延时单元个数,改Wave Union A的单次发射为连续发射就形成了新的Wave Union C(WUC)。采用Wallace树和ROM结构的WUC编码器使用资源少、延时路径短,在A...编码复杂的Wave Union决定了时间数字转换器的"死时间"。如选择合适的发射器延时单元个数,改Wave Union A的单次发射为连续发射就形成了新的Wave Union C(WUC)。采用Wallace树和ROM结构的WUC编码器使用资源少、延时路径短,在Altera的EP3C10E144C8中,时钟频率为400MHz,延时链长度为80的情况下,仅使用了166个逻辑单元,编码时间为2.089ns。WUC实时自动校准避免了全延时链的按位校准,只需对发射器内的延时单元进行校准,且实时自动校准在硬件上只需提供一个不随外界温度和电压变化的TDC时钟且延时链长度增加1倍即可。展开更多
BACKGROUND The treatment of hepatitis C with direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)produces a high rate of sustained virological response(SVR)with fewer adverse events than interferon(IFN)therapy with a similar effect i...BACKGROUND The treatment of hepatitis C with direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)produces a high rate of sustained virological response(SVR)with fewer adverse events than interferon(IFN)therapy with a similar effect in inhibiting carcinogenesis as IFN therapy.The age-male-albumin-bilirubin-platelets(aMAP)score is useful for stratifying the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis patients,and the velocity of shear waves(Vs)measured by shear wave elastography has also been shown to be useful for diagnosing the level of fibrotic progression in hepatitis C and predicting carcinogenic risk.Combining these two may improve the prediction of carcinogenic risk.AIM To determine whether combining the aMAP score with Vs improves carcinogenic risk stratification in medium-to-high-risk hepatitis C patients.METHODS This retrospective,observational study involved hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs who achieved SVR.Vs was measured before treatment(baseline),at the end of treatment(EOT),and 12 wk(follow-up 12)and 24 wk(follow-up 24)after treatment.The patients were followed for at least six months after EOT to determine whether cancer developed.Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors contributing to hepatic carcinogenesis.The diagnostic performances of clinical parameters for predicting the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses.RESULTS A total of 279 patients(mean age 65.9 years,118 males,161 females)were included in the analysis.Multiple regression analysis was performed with carcinogenesis as the target variable and alanine aminotransferase,platelets,α-fetoprotein,Vs,and the Fib-4 index as explanatory variables;only Vs was found to be significant(P=0.0296).The cut-off value for Vs for liver carcinogenesis calculated using the ROC curve was 1.53 m/s.Carcinoma developed in 2.0%(3/151)of those with Vs<1.53 m/s and in 10.5%(9/86)of those with Vs≥1.53 m/s.CONCLUSION In hepatitis C patients after SVR,combining the aMAP score and Vs to stratify the risk of carcinogenesis is more efficient than uniform surveillance of all patients.展开更多
The physical design and cooling test of a C-band 2MeV standing wave （SW） accelerating tube are described in this paper. The designed accelerating structure consists of 3-cell buncher and 4-cell accelerating section ...The physical design and cooling test of a C-band 2MeV standing wave （SW） accelerating tube are described in this paper. The designed accelerating structure consists of 3-cell buncher and 4-cell accelerating section with a total length of about 163mm, excited with 1MW magnetron. Dynamic simulation presents that about 150mA beam pulse current and 30% capture efficiency can be achieved. By means of nonlinear Gauss fit on electron transverse distribution, the diameter of beam spot FWHM （full width at half maximum of density distribution） is about 0.55mm. Cooling test results of the accelerating tube show that frequencies of cavities are tuned to 5527MHz and the field distribution of bunching section is about 3：9：10.展开更多
Kunio Hidano[4] has shown that the global and local C2-solutions for semilinear wave equations with spherical symmetry in three space dimensions. This paper studies the global and local C2-solutions for the semilinea...Kunio Hidano[4] has shown that the global and local C2-solutions for semilinear wave equations with spherical symmetry in three space dimensions. This paper studies the global and local C2-solutions for the semilinear wave equations without spherical symmetry in three space dimensions. A problem put forward by Hiroyuki Takamura[2] is partially answered.展开更多
Hydrothermal ore zoning is a transport-reaction problem in which infiltration is the principal Prcness of transport and dissolution/Precipitation is the Principal process of chemical reactions.Neglecting diffusion an...Hydrothermal ore zoning is a transport-reaction problem in which infiltration is the principal Prcness of transport and dissolution/Precipitation is the Principal process of chemical reactions.Neglecting diffusion and ion exchange/adsorption would not affect the basic attributes of hydrothermal ore zoning. Hydrothermal ore zoning belongs essentially to infiltration metasomatic zoning, it results from the formation and propagation of dissolution/precipitation waves through Permeable media. The authors apply the theory of coupled infiltration and dissolution/precipitation reactions in Physicochemical hydrodynamics to studying the structural characteristics of dissolution/precipitation waves, and apply furthermore the coherence principle in dynamic theory of multicomponent coupled systems to revealing the dynamic mechanisms of their formation. The results of investigation verify and develop . C. 's theory of infiltration metasomatic zoning,on the one hand, raising it from the qualitative, equilibrium thermodynamic basis to the quantitative dynamic level;on the other hand, and more importantly, applying theories of Physicochemical hydrodynamics and dynamics of multicomponent coupled systems to bringing to light the dynamic mechanisms of formation of the structure of hydrothermal ore zoning, and advancing a theory of hydrothermal ore zoning, putting forward new ideas on the nature of the problem of hydrothermal ore zoning, the essence of hydrothermal ore zoning and the structural characteristics and mechanisms of formation of hydrothermal ore zoning.展开更多
Damped wave diffusion effects during oxygen transport in islets of Langerhans is studied. Simultaneous reaction and diffusion models were developed. The asymptotic limits of first and zeroth order in Michaelis and Men...Damped wave diffusion effects during oxygen transport in islets of Langerhans is studied. Simultaneous reaction and diffusion models were developed. The asymptotic limits of first and zeroth order in Michaelis and Menten kinetics was used in the study. Parabolic Fick diffusion and hyperbolic damped wave diffusion were studied separately. Method of relativistic transformation was used in order to obtain the solution for the hyperbolic model. Model solutions was used to obtain mass inertial times. Convective boundary condition was used. Sharma number (mass) may be used in evaluating the importance of the damped wave diffusion process in relation to other processes such as convection, Fick steady diffusion in the given application. Four regimes can be identified in the solution of hyperbolic damped wave diffusion model. These are;1) Zero Transfer Inertial Regime, 0 0≤τ≤τinertia;2) Rising Regime during times greater than inertial regime and less than at the wave front, Xp > τ, 3) at Wave front , τ = Xp;4) Falling Regime in open Interval, of times greater than at the wave front, τ > Xp. Method of superposition of steady state concentration and transient concentration used in both solutions of parabolic and hyperbolic models. Expression for steady state concentration developed. Closed form analytic model solutions developed in asymptotic limits of Michaelis and Menten kinetic at zeroth order and first order. Expression for Penetration Length Derived-Hypoxia Explained. Expression for Inertial Lag Time Derived. Solution was obtained by the method of separation of variables for transient for parabolic model and by the method of relativistic transformation for hyperbolic models. The concentration profile was expressed as a sum of steadty state and transient parts.展开更多
文摘[Objectives]The extraction conditions of formula oolong tea were investigated by an orthogonal experiment.[Methods]The technical conditions were optimized by the 4C method,and the application of formula oolong tea extract in cigarettes was studied.[Results]①In the experimental range,the best sensory evaluation effect of formula oolong tea extract was obtained with extraction conditions of 70%ethanol as extraction solvent,extraction time h,extraction temperature 25℃,and ultrasonic frequency 80 kHz,and follow-up low-temperature concentration,low-temperature sedimentation and low-temperature centrifugation.②The effects of different centrifugal speeds on the quality of formula oolong tea extract were explored.The formula oolong tea extract obtained under the conditions of 3000 r/min and centrifugal time of 10 min showed the best evaluation effect with soft and delicate smoke,rich smoke fragrance,good comfort and refreshing mouthfeel.③The effective aroma components in the formula oolong tea extract were qualitatively analyzed by GC-MS.[Conclusions]This study provides high-quality raw materials and a theoretical basis for the research of independent flavor blending in cigarette industry enterprises.
基金The authors acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51572157,21902085,and 51702188)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019QF012)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018JC036 and No.2018JC046)Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(No.2018WLJH25).
文摘Modern communication technologies put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.Metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives have been widely concerned with its diverse advantages.To break the mindset of magneticderivative design,and make up the shortage of monometallic non-magnetic derivatives,we first try non-magnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives to achieve efficient EMW absorption.The porous carbon-wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 composites derived from PCN-415(TiZr-MOFs)are qualified with a minimum reflection loss of−67.8 dB(2.16 mm,13.0 GHz),and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.9 GHz(2.70 mm).Through in-depth discussions,the synergy of enhanced interfacial polarization and other attenuation mechanisms in the composites is revealed.Therefore,this work confirms the huge potentials of nonmagnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives in EMW absorption applications.
文摘AIMTo investigate shear wave (SW) propagation velocity in patients with untreated hepatitis C and patients with sustained virological response (SVR). METHODSA total of 136 hepatitis C patients [85 patients who had not received antiviral therapy (naïve group) and 51 patients who had received antiviral therapy and subsequently achieved SVR of at least 24 wk (SVR group)] and 58 healthy volunteers and outpatients without liver disease (control group) underwent evaluation of liver stiffness by SW elastography (SWE). Various parameters were evaluated in the chronic hepatitis C patients at the time of SWE. RESULTSSW propagation velocity (Vs) was 1.23 ± 0.14 m/s in the control group, 1.56 ± 0.32 m/s in the SVR group, and 1.69 ± 0.31 m/s in the naïve group. Significant differences were seen between the control group and the SVR group (P = 0.0000) and between the SVR group and the naïve group (P = 0.01417). All four fibrosis markers were higher in the naïve group than in the SVR group. In the naïve group, Vs was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r = 0.5372), α feto protein (AFP) (r = 0.4389), type IV collagen (r = 0.5883), procollagen III peptide (P-III-P) (r = 0.4140), hyaluronic acid (r = 0.4551), and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) (r = 0.6092) and negatively correlated with albumin (r = -0.4289), platelets (r = -0.5372), and prothrombin activity (r = -0.5235). On multiple regression analysis, Vs was the most strongly correlated with ALT (standard partial regression std β = 0.4039, P = 0.00000). In the SVR group, Vs was positively correlated with AFP (r = 0.6977), type IV collagen (r = 0.5228), P-III-P (r = 0.5812), hyaluronic acid (r = 0.5189), and M2BPGi (r = 0.6251) and negatively correlated with albumin (r = -0.4283), platelets (r = -0.4842), and prothrombin activity (r = -0.4771). On multiple regression analysis, Vs was strongly correlated with AFP (standard partial regression std β = 0.5953, P = 0.00000) and M2BPGi (standard partial regression std β= 0.2969, P = 0.03363). CONCLUSIONIn hepatitis C patients, liver stiffness is higher in treatment-naïve patients than in those showing SVR. SWE may be a predictor of hepatocarcinogenesis in SVR patients.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China and by Foundation of Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Academia Sinica
文摘The cathodic wave of vitamin C has not been reported in the literature so far.Its E_(1/2)was found at-1.85 volt vs.Ag/AgCl(25℃)in the base solution of 0.1mol/L Bu_4NI.Various electrochemical and spectral techniques were used for studying the electrode reaction. They all showed that the electrode reaction was quasi-reversible while C was more than 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L and mainly adsorptive while C was less than 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L at a mercury electrode.The electron transfer number was 2 and the electron transfer coefficient 0.57. Using DPP techniques,the linear response range was 5.0×10^(-7)-2.0×10^(-3)mol/L and the detection limit 1×10^(-7)mol/L.
文摘编码复杂的Wave Union决定了时间数字转换器的"死时间"。如选择合适的发射器延时单元个数,改Wave Union A的单次发射为连续发射就形成了新的Wave Union C(WUC)。采用Wallace树和ROM结构的WUC编码器使用资源少、延时路径短,在Altera的EP3C10E144C8中,时钟频率为400MHz,延时链长度为80的情况下,仅使用了166个逻辑单元,编码时间为2.089ns。WUC实时自动校准避免了全延时链的按位校准,只需对发射器内的延时单元进行校准,且实时自动校准在硬件上只需提供一个不随外界温度和电压变化的TDC时钟且延时链长度增加1倍即可。
文摘BACKGROUND The treatment of hepatitis C with direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs)produces a high rate of sustained virological response(SVR)with fewer adverse events than interferon(IFN)therapy with a similar effect in inhibiting carcinogenesis as IFN therapy.The age-male-albumin-bilirubin-platelets(aMAP)score is useful for stratifying the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis patients,and the velocity of shear waves(Vs)measured by shear wave elastography has also been shown to be useful for diagnosing the level of fibrotic progression in hepatitis C and predicting carcinogenic risk.Combining these two may improve the prediction of carcinogenic risk.AIM To determine whether combining the aMAP score with Vs improves carcinogenic risk stratification in medium-to-high-risk hepatitis C patients.METHODS This retrospective,observational study involved hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs who achieved SVR.Vs was measured before treatment(baseline),at the end of treatment(EOT),and 12 wk(follow-up 12)and 24 wk(follow-up 24)after treatment.The patients were followed for at least six months after EOT to determine whether cancer developed.Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors contributing to hepatic carcinogenesis.The diagnostic performances of clinical parameters for predicting the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses.RESULTS A total of 279 patients(mean age 65.9 years,118 males,161 females)were included in the analysis.Multiple regression analysis was performed with carcinogenesis as the target variable and alanine aminotransferase,platelets,α-fetoprotein,Vs,and the Fib-4 index as explanatory variables;only Vs was found to be significant(P=0.0296).The cut-off value for Vs for liver carcinogenesis calculated using the ROC curve was 1.53 m/s.Carcinoma developed in 2.0%(3/151)of those with Vs<1.53 m/s and in 10.5%(9/86)of those with Vs≥1.53 m/s.CONCLUSION In hepatitis C patients after SVR,combining the aMAP score and Vs to stratify the risk of carcinogenesis is more efficient than uniform surveillance of all patients.
文摘The physical design and cooling test of a C-band 2MeV standing wave （SW） accelerating tube are described in this paper. The designed accelerating structure consists of 3-cell buncher and 4-cell accelerating section with a total length of about 163mm, excited with 1MW magnetron. Dynamic simulation presents that about 150mA beam pulse current and 30% capture efficiency can be achieved. By means of nonlinear Gauss fit on electron transverse distribution, the diameter of beam spot FWHM （full width at half maximum of density distribution） is about 0.55mm. Cooling test results of the accelerating tube show that frequencies of cavities are tuned to 5527MHz and the field distribution of bunching section is about 3：9：10.
基金Supported by youth foundation of Sichuan province (1999-09)
文摘Kunio Hidano[4] has shown that the global and local C2-solutions for semilinear wave equations with spherical symmetry in three space dimensions. This paper studies the global and local C2-solutions for the semilinear wave equations without spherical symmetry in three space dimensions. A problem put forward by Hiroyuki Takamura[2] is partially answered.
文摘Hydrothermal ore zoning is a transport-reaction problem in which infiltration is the principal Prcness of transport and dissolution/Precipitation is the Principal process of chemical reactions.Neglecting diffusion and ion exchange/adsorption would not affect the basic attributes of hydrothermal ore zoning. Hydrothermal ore zoning belongs essentially to infiltration metasomatic zoning, it results from the formation and propagation of dissolution/precipitation waves through Permeable media. The authors apply the theory of coupled infiltration and dissolution/precipitation reactions in Physicochemical hydrodynamics to studying the structural characteristics of dissolution/precipitation waves, and apply furthermore the coherence principle in dynamic theory of multicomponent coupled systems to revealing the dynamic mechanisms of their formation. The results of investigation verify and develop . C. 's theory of infiltration metasomatic zoning,on the one hand, raising it from the qualitative, equilibrium thermodynamic basis to the quantitative dynamic level;on the other hand, and more importantly, applying theories of Physicochemical hydrodynamics and dynamics of multicomponent coupled systems to bringing to light the dynamic mechanisms of formation of the structure of hydrothermal ore zoning, and advancing a theory of hydrothermal ore zoning, putting forward new ideas on the nature of the problem of hydrothermal ore zoning, the essence of hydrothermal ore zoning and the structural characteristics and mechanisms of formation of hydrothermal ore zoning.
文摘Damped wave diffusion effects during oxygen transport in islets of Langerhans is studied. Simultaneous reaction and diffusion models were developed. The asymptotic limits of first and zeroth order in Michaelis and Menten kinetics was used in the study. Parabolic Fick diffusion and hyperbolic damped wave diffusion were studied separately. Method of relativistic transformation was used in order to obtain the solution for the hyperbolic model. Model solutions was used to obtain mass inertial times. Convective boundary condition was used. Sharma number (mass) may be used in evaluating the importance of the damped wave diffusion process in relation to other processes such as convection, Fick steady diffusion in the given application. Four regimes can be identified in the solution of hyperbolic damped wave diffusion model. These are;1) Zero Transfer Inertial Regime, 0 0≤τ≤τinertia;2) Rising Regime during times greater than inertial regime and less than at the wave front, Xp > τ, 3) at Wave front , τ = Xp;4) Falling Regime in open Interval, of times greater than at the wave front, τ > Xp. Method of superposition of steady state concentration and transient concentration used in both solutions of parabolic and hyperbolic models. Expression for steady state concentration developed. Closed form analytic model solutions developed in asymptotic limits of Michaelis and Menten kinetic at zeroth order and first order. Expression for Penetration Length Derived-Hypoxia Explained. Expression for Inertial Lag Time Derived. Solution was obtained by the method of separation of variables for transient for parabolic model and by the method of relativistic transformation for hyperbolic models. The concentration profile was expressed as a sum of steadty state and transient parts.
