This study was conducted to determine the effect of cover crop inter-row in vineyard on main mono-phenol content of grape berry and wine. Three such cover crops, two perennial legumes (white clover and alfalfa) and ...This study was conducted to determine the effect of cover crop inter-row in vineyard on main mono-phenol content of grape berry and wine. Three such cover crops, two perennial legumes (white clover and alfalfa) and a perennial gramineous grass (tall fescue) were sown in vineyard. The main phenolic compounds of mature grape berry and wines vinified under the same conditions were extracted with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether and analyzed by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by comparing to soil tillage. A total of ten phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the different grape berry and wines, including nonflavonoids (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids) and flavonoids (flavanols and flavonols). The concentration of flavonoid compounds (409.43 to 538.63 mg kg^-1 and 56.16 to 81.30 mg L^-1) was higher than nonflavonoids (76.91 to 98.85 mg kg^-1 and 30.65 to 41.22 mg L^-1) for Cabernet Sauvignon grape and wine under different treatments, respectively. In the flavonoid phenolics, Catechin was the most abundant in the different grapes and wines, accounting for 74.94 to 79.70% and 48.60 to 50.62% of total nonanthocyanin phenolics quantified, respectively. Compared to soil tillage, the sward treatments showed a higher content of main mono-phenol and total nonanthocyanin phenolics in grapes and wines. There were significant differences between two cover crop treatments (tall fescue and white clover) and soil tillage for the content of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and total phenolics in the grape berry (P 〈 0.05 or P〈0.01). The wine from tall fescue cover crop had the highest gallic acid, caffeic acid and catechin. Cover crop system increased the total nonanthocyanin phenolics of grapes and wines in order of the four treatments: tall fescue, white clover, alfalfa, and soil tillage (control). Cover crop in vineyard increased total phenols of grape berry and wine, and thus improved the quality of wine evidently.展开更多
This study investigated the contribution of vola-tile compounds to the overall aroma of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Changli County (China). Wine samples were collected from vintages from 2000 to 2005. Volatile compo...This study investigated the contribution of vola-tile compounds to the overall aroma of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Changli County (China). Wine samples were collected from vintages from 2000 to 2005. Volatile compounds were ex-tracted by PDMS solid-phase micro-extraction fi- bers and identified by Gas Chromatography-Ma- ss Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 65 volatile compounds were identified and quantified, in-cluding higher alcohols, ethyl and acetate esters, and fatty acids. According to their odor active values (OA-Vs), 21 volatile compounds were con- sidered to be the powerful impact odorants of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Changli. Odor descriptions of impact volatiles suggested Cab-ernet Sauvignon red wines from Changli County as having a complex aroma, which included not only pleasant floral and fruity odors, but also cheese, clove flavors, and grassy and smoky aromas.展开更多
Polyphenol concentrations are responsible of wine color. Indeed, they present properties for human health. Anthocyanin concentration is affected by environmental factor, growth regulators, biotic and abiotic stresses....Polyphenol concentrations are responsible of wine color. Indeed, they present properties for human health. Anthocyanin concentration is affected by environmental factor, growth regulators, biotic and abiotic stresses. Polyphenols content can be magnified by WS (water stress). The effect of WS on the synthesis of polyphenols has been extensively studied, but has not been evaluated the effect consecutive in the time on plant physiology and polyphenols concentration in berries and wine in Mendoza region (Argentina). The polyphenol content in berries and wine of WS and irrigation plant for four consecutive growing seasons were analyzed. The harvest was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, yields, weight pruning, bud burst, predawn water potential (φa) and leaf area were quantified. WS increased anthocyanin mg.L-1 and IPT in all years studied. The variations of anthocyanins and IPT due to WS were lower than those found by environmental conditions years. WS consecutives in time presented decreases on yields per plant, growth and pruning weight due at the consecutive decreases in bud burst. This could be related to a lower accumulation of reserves or less differentiation of clusters.展开更多
基金supported by "13115" Science and Tech-nology Innovation Programme of Shaanxi Province,China (2007ZDKG-09)the National Agricultural Industrial Technology System Foundation of China(Z225020901)Young Academic Backbone Scientific Research Program of Northwest A&F University,China (01140303)
文摘This study was conducted to determine the effect of cover crop inter-row in vineyard on main mono-phenol content of grape berry and wine. Three such cover crops, two perennial legumes (white clover and alfalfa) and a perennial gramineous grass (tall fescue) were sown in vineyard. The main phenolic compounds of mature grape berry and wines vinified under the same conditions were extracted with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether and analyzed by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by comparing to soil tillage. A total of ten phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the different grape berry and wines, including nonflavonoids (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids) and flavonoids (flavanols and flavonols). The concentration of flavonoid compounds (409.43 to 538.63 mg kg^-1 and 56.16 to 81.30 mg L^-1) was higher than nonflavonoids (76.91 to 98.85 mg kg^-1 and 30.65 to 41.22 mg L^-1) for Cabernet Sauvignon grape and wine under different treatments, respectively. In the flavonoid phenolics, Catechin was the most abundant in the different grapes and wines, accounting for 74.94 to 79.70% and 48.60 to 50.62% of total nonanthocyanin phenolics quantified, respectively. Compared to soil tillage, the sward treatments showed a higher content of main mono-phenol and total nonanthocyanin phenolics in grapes and wines. There were significant differences between two cover crop treatments (tall fescue and white clover) and soil tillage for the content of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and total phenolics in the grape berry (P 〈 0.05 or P〈0.01). The wine from tall fescue cover crop had the highest gallic acid, caffeic acid and catechin. Cover crop system increased the total nonanthocyanin phenolics of grapes and wines in order of the four treatments: tall fescue, white clover, alfalfa, and soil tillage (control). Cover crop in vineyard increased total phenols of grape berry and wine, and thus improved the quality of wine evidently.
文摘This study investigated the contribution of vola-tile compounds to the overall aroma of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Changli County (China). Wine samples were collected from vintages from 2000 to 2005. Volatile compounds were ex-tracted by PDMS solid-phase micro-extraction fi- bers and identified by Gas Chromatography-Ma- ss Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 65 volatile compounds were identified and quantified, in-cluding higher alcohols, ethyl and acetate esters, and fatty acids. According to their odor active values (OA-Vs), 21 volatile compounds were con- sidered to be the powerful impact odorants of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Changli. Odor descriptions of impact volatiles suggested Cab-ernet Sauvignon red wines from Changli County as having a complex aroma, which included not only pleasant floral and fruity odors, but also cheese, clove flavors, and grassy and smoky aromas.
文摘Polyphenol concentrations are responsible of wine color. Indeed, they present properties for human health. Anthocyanin concentration is affected by environmental factor, growth regulators, biotic and abiotic stresses. Polyphenols content can be magnified by WS (water stress). The effect of WS on the synthesis of polyphenols has been extensively studied, but has not been evaluated the effect consecutive in the time on plant physiology and polyphenols concentration in berries and wine in Mendoza region (Argentina). The polyphenol content in berries and wine of WS and irrigation plant for four consecutive growing seasons were analyzed. The harvest was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, yields, weight pruning, bud burst, predawn water potential (φa) and leaf area were quantified. WS increased anthocyanin mg.L-1 and IPT in all years studied. The variations of anthocyanins and IPT due to WS were lower than those found by environmental conditions years. WS consecutives in time presented decreases on yields per plant, growth and pruning weight due at the consecutive decreases in bud burst. This could be related to a lower accumulation of reserves or less differentiation of clusters.