Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Heat Transfer Performance of a Novel Microchannel Embedded with Connected Grooves

To improve the heat transfer performance of microchannels,a novel microchannel embedded with connected grooves crossing two sidewalls and the bottom surface(type A)was designed.A comparative study of heat transfer was conducted regarding the performances of type A microchannels,microchannels embedded with grooves on their bottom(including types B and C),or on the sidewalls(type D)as well as smooth rectangular microchannels(type E)via a three-dimensional numerical simulation and experimental validation(at Reynolds numbers from 118 to 430).Numerical results suggested that the average Nusselt number of types A,B,C,and D microchannels were 106,73.4,50.1,and 12.6%higher than that of type E microchannel,respectively.The smallest synergy angle β and entropy generation number Ns,a were determined for type A microchannels based on field synergy and nondimensional entropy analysis,which indicated that type A exhibited the best heat transfer performance.Numerical flow analysis indicated that connected grooves induced fluid to flow along two different temperature gradients,which contributed to enhanced heat transfer performance.

Resting-state brain network remodeling after different nerve reconstruction surgeries:a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in brachial plexus injury rats

Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.

Design and Implementation of a Battery Big Data Platform Through Intelligent Connected Electric Vehicles

The development of a battery management algorithm is highly dependent on high-quality battery operation data,especially the data in extreme conditions such as low temperatures.The data in faults are also essential for failure and safety management research.This study developed a battery big data platform to realize vehicle operation,energy interaction and data management.First,we developed an electric vehicle with vehicle navigation and position detection and designed an environmental cabin that allows the vehicle to operate autonomously.Second,charging and heating systems based on wireless energy transfer were developed and equipped on the vehicle to investigate optimal charging and heating methods of the batteries in the vehicle.Third,the data transmission network was designed,a real-time monitoring interface was developed,and the self-developed battery management system was used to measure,collect,upload,and store battery operation data in real time.Finally,experimental validation was performed on the platform.Results demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the platform.Battery state of charge estimation is used as an example to illustrate the availability of battery operation data.

Classification of Breast Masses Using Ultrasound Images by Approaching GAN,Transfer Learning,and Deep Learning Techniques

Breast cancer is a common cause of death among women worldwide.Ultrasonic imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool in breast cancer detection.However,the accuracy of computer-aided diagnosis systems for breast cancer classification is limited due to the lack of well-annotated datasets.This study proposes a deep learning(DL)-based framework for breast mass classification using ultrasound images,which incorporates a novel data augmentation technique,generative adversarial network(GAN),and transfer learning(TL).Automating early tumor identification and classification in breast cancer diagnosis can save lives by improving the accuracy of diagnoses and reducing the need for invasive procedures.However,the limited availability of wellannotated datasets for ultrasound images of breast cancer has hampered the development of accurate computer-aided diagnosis systems.The accuracy of breast mass classification using ultrasound images is limited due to the lack of well-annotated datasets.Conventional data augmentation techniques have limitations in applications with strict guidelines,such as medical datasets.Therefore,there is a need to develop a novel data augmentation technique to improve the accuracy of breast mass classification using ultrasound images.The proposed framework can be extended to other medical imaging applications,where the availability of well-annotated datasets is limited.The GAN-based data augmentation technique and TL-based feature extraction can be used to improve the accuracy of classification models in other medical imaging applications.Additionally,the proposed framework can be used to develop accurate computer-aided diagnosis systems for breast cancer detection in clinical settings.The proposed framework incorporates a DL-based approach for breast mass classification using ultrasound images.The framework includes a GAN-based data augmentation technique and TL for feature extraction.The dataset used for training and testing the model is the breast ultrasound images(BUSI)dataset,which includes 1311 images with normal and abnormal breast masses.The proposed framework achieved an accuracy of 99.6%for breast mass classification using ultrasound images,which outperformed existing methods.The GAN-based data augmentation technique and TL-based feature extraction improved the accuracy of the classification model.The results suggest that DL algorithms can be effectively applied for breast ultrasound categorization.The proposed framework presents a novel approach for breast mass classification using ultrasound images,which incorporates a GAN-based data augmentation technique and TL-based feature extraction.The results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms existing methods and achieves high accuracy in breast mass classification using ultrasound images.This framework can be useful for developing accurate computer-aided diagnosis systems for breast cancer detection.

干式装配式墙体非均匀性传热规律

干式连接的装配式建筑因连接缝的存在会造成接缝与墙体间的传热不均,对墙体传热及建筑能耗产生重要影响。分析了干式装配外墙的非均匀传热特征,提出外墙内表面的累计温差比T′来评价墙体的传热非均匀性,确定了干式装配墙体传热的非均匀判定准则。提出用热桥影响区域等效传热系数K′_(T)来评价接缝非均匀传热影响区域,分析了非均匀性传热对建筑采暖能耗的影响。结果表明,装配式墙体在接缝两侧的温度波动较大,且墙体构造越复杂波动越显著。干式装配墙体接缝的非均匀影响区域明显大于传统砖混建筑。T′越大墙体传热越不均,建筑采暖能耗越大。接缝宽每增加5 mm导致的墙体传热不均使得建筑能耗变化约为3%~4%,含空气层的预制墙体变化尤为大,约为3.2%~6.7%。

前继列车晚点条件下换乘客流的接续方案优化

针对列车运行受到干扰下运行图调整问题,对前继列车晚点条件下换乘客流的接续方案进行研究,将换乘客流和在车客流影响最小化作为优化目标对列车运行图进行相应调整.在前继列车晚点条件下,假定换乘客流既可以换乘到原接续列车,也可以选择其他符合换乘条件的列车,建立所有列车上的旅客延误时间最小和换乘失败旅客数量最少的多目标模型,以期在保证换乘成功的前提下最小化列车运行计划调整.以京沪高铁和郑徐高铁上行部分区段为例验证模型的有效性.研究结果表明:当考虑列车总调整时间和换乘客流失败成本相互制约关系时,可以通过增加列车运行调整时间来提高换乘成功客流量;当考虑所有列车上的旅客延误时间和换乘旅客失败成本相互制约关系时,可以通过牺牲部分换乘旅客来减少在车旅客的总延误时间;当其他接续列车空余席位大幅减少时,接续方案倾向于调整原接续列车的到发时刻,避免换乘失败的旅客量大幅增加.

适应并离网模式切换的DFIG电磁暂态仿真建模

目前,常用的商业仿真软件中的双馈式感应发电机(double-fed Induction Generator,DFIG)模型通常不支持离网运行模式,难以实现风力发电系统由离网到并网的全过程电磁暂态仿真,对电力系统仿真分析工作带来极大不便。研究适应并离网模式切换的DFIG电磁暂态仿真建模方法。基于模块化思想分别对风力机、异步电机、变流器以及断路器进行建模,在系统组装形成DFIG风力发电系统电磁暂态仿真模型。提出了适应并离网模式切换的DFIG受控源等效电路模型和离散时间域实现方法,通过设计状态变量矩阵元素的截取和扩充算法实现了模型在并离网模式下的无缝衔接。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建DFIG发电系统模型对所提方法和模型进行验证,仿真结果表明,所提建模方法能够很好地支持DFIG离网运行模式,实现DFIG由离网到并网的全过程电磁暂态仿真。

中深层水平连通地热井取热特性研究

高效取热技术是实现地热效益化开发的关键,建立了水平连通地热井数值仿真模型,计算了连续开采和间歇开采工况下的出口流体温度和换热量,研究了注入温度、注入流量、水平段长度对系统换热性能和岩层温度恢复能力的影响。结果表明,随着注入流量增加,地热井出口水温下降,但整个系统换热量提高;当注入温度较高时,可有效提高出口水温,但系统换热量降低较大;随着水平段长度增加,出口水温和换热量逐渐上升,换热性能提高;岩层温度恢复能力随注入流量和注入温度的增加而提高。综合考虑钻井成本、水泵功耗等因素,适量增加注入流量、降低注入温度、增加水平段长度能有效提高水平连通换热井的换热性能;虽然高的注入温度可提升岩层温度恢复能力,但不利于提高系统换热性能。

真空与气体一体化串联机械开关及其直流快速转移应用

为提升中压混合式直流断路器的自然换流性能,该文提出一种真空与气体一体化串联机械开关,分析真空与气体一体化串联用于电流转移性能的工作原理。并基于此设计了双超程联动的真空与气体一体化串联开关实验样机,研究了气体类型、气压、触头结构、触头材料等参数对电弧电压特性的影响规律,确定了W70Cu桥式两触点结构,采用H2和N2体积比为2:3、气压为0.3 MPa的氢氮混合气体,弧压可由20 V提升到120 V,电流转移时间由1 900μs缩短至300μs。同时测试了静态瞬态开断电压(TIV)分布特性,真空间隙承担主要电压(55%),串联整机耐压水平为20 kV。验证了真空与气体一体化串联开关应用于中压混合式直流断路器的可行性和有效性。

基于变流器并网的新能源外送系统功率传输能力评估

光伏、风电等清洁能源广泛采用并网变流器接入电网,评估变流器并网新能源外送系统的功率传输能力,对于保证电网正常及紧急运行工况下的清洁能源持续、稳定外送具有重要意义。该文首先分析无功补偿前后变流器并网系统的功率传输特性,掌握变流器并网系统的安全稳定传输边界。接着,对新能源外送通道开展动态热容量评估,挖掘传输通道潜在传输能力以促进清洁能源消纳。然后,统筹考虑保证并网系统及外送通道安全稳定运行的各类型约束,确定新能源最大外送能力。最后,对算例测试系统中的新能源场站开展最大外送能力评估,算例研究表明:配合无功补偿并同时利用设备动态热容量,可以提升新能源外送能力;不同电网连接强度和运行工况下,限制清洁能源外送能力的主导因素不同,需依据主导因素确定外送功率,才能确保电网的安全稳定运行。

螺栓连接结构冲击载荷传递特性及冲击响应行为研究进展综述

目的通过探讨复杂装备结构中螺栓连接结构在冲击载荷条件下的力学响应特征,以及这些特征如何影响装备结构的应力波传播、能量耗散和整体结构响应;同时,关注螺栓自身的变形和破坏对关键部件乃至整个系统稳定性和安全性的潜在影响,特别是在武器装备中可能引发的灾难性后果,旨在进一步优化螺栓连接结构的设计,提高其在极端载荷条件下的性能和可靠性。方法系统调研国内外文献,总结螺栓连接结构冲击载荷传递特性及冲击响应行为的研究进展,涉及的研究方法包括试验研究、有限元模拟和理论分析等。结论螺栓连接结构的冲击响应行为对装备整体的稳定性和安全性具有重要影响。通过对现有文献的分析,提出了未来研究的建议。

引信系统螺纹连接界面的冲击传递特性模拟方法研究

大直径整体螺纹连接是引信安装在侵彻弹的弹体结构的主要形式,螺纹界面的冲击过载传递特性对于引信系统的设计具有重要意义.针对空间螺纹界面冲击传递过程中涉及的几何非线性和复杂接触摩擦状态以及界面分离带来的二次或多次碰撞等问题,设计了螺纹连接试件并建立了精细化有限元仿真模型,并通过大直径霍普金森杆的冲击实验测量数据验证有限元精细模型的有效性.从有限元仿真中获取整个螺纹结构件冲击响应的数值数据,对比内外结构的过载,并通过精细模型研究了预紧力对加速度响应的影响规律.最后针对现有薄层单元简化模型只能较好地模拟螺纹结构线性振动特性而无法准确模拟螺纹冲击传递特性的问题,提出考虑螺纹间碰撞作用的非线性薄层单元简化模型,丰富了螺纹连接简化模型的适用工况.

考虑可变接续时间窗的高铁周期列车运行图优化

精准高效的换乘接续设计对于周期列车运行图在我国的全面推广至关重要。我国高速铁路网络结构复杂、空间跨度广,不同距离的换乘客流OD所能接受的中转换乘时间范围有着明显的不同。现有研究对换乘接续时间的考虑多基于固定接续时间窗,造成实际换乘时间与各OD旅客可接受的换乘时间不匹配,限制了换乘服务水平的进一步提升。基于此,结合“事件-活动”网络和周期事件规划问题(Periodic Event Scheduling Problem,PESP),构建了考虑可变接续时间窗的高铁周期列车运行图优化模型,实现了列车接续关系选择、OD换乘接续关系分配、换乘时间优化的同步决策。模型首先引入OD换乘接续关系分配变量,使得模型可在优化过程中动态决策列车接续关系是否为特定客流OD提供服务。在此基础上,引入了可变接续时间窗约束,实现列车接续时间窗根据所分配客流OD合理换乘时间范围动态确定。同时,设计了最小化周期列车运行图换乘服务水平与理想服务水平偏差的线性化目标函数,使得模型得以在GUROBI整数规划求解器中求解。研究案例编制了京沪高铁以及与之衔接的部分高铁线路路网周期列车运行图,与固定换乘接续时间窗的研究案例相比,换乘服务频率和换乘接续时间指标均有显著提升,验证了所提模型的正确性及有效性。

一种基于HTTP/3传输特性的加密视频识别方法

视频流量逐渐在网络中占据主导地位,且视频平台大多对其进行加密传输。虽然加密传输视频可以有效保护用户隐私,但是也增加了监管有害视频传播的难度.现有的加密视频识别方法基于TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)传输协议头部信息和HTTP/1.1(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version1.1)的传输模式,提取应用层音视频数据单元传输长度序列来实现视频识别.但是随着基于UDP(User Datagram Protocol)的QUIC(Quick UDP Internet Connections)协议及基于QUIC实现的HTTP/3(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 3)协议应用于视频传输,已有方法不再适用.HTTP/3协议缺少类似TCP的头部信息,且使用了多路复用机制,并对几乎所有数据进行了加密,此外,视频平台开始使用多片段合并分发技术,这给从网络流量中精准识别加密视频带来了巨大挑战。本文基于HTTP/3协议中的控制信息特征,提出了从HTTP/3加密视频流中提取数据传输特征并进行修正的方法,最大程度复原出应用层音视频长度特征.面向多片段合并分发导致的海量匹配问题,本文基于明文指纹库设计了键值数据库来实现视频的快速识别.实验结果表明,本文提出的基于HTTP/3传输特性的加密视频识别方法能够在包含36万个真实视频指纹的YouTube大规模指纹库中达到接近99%的准确率,100%的精确率以及99.32%的F1得分,对传输过程中加人了填充顿的Facebook平台,在包含28万个真实视频指纹的大规模指纹库中达到95%的准确率、100%的精确率以及96.45%的F1得分,在具有同样特性的Instagram平台中,最高可达到97.57%的F1得分,且本方法在所有指纹库中的平均视频识别时间均低于0.4秒.本文的方法首次解决了使用HTTP/3传输的加密视频在大规模指纹库场景中的识别问题,具有很强的实用性和通用性.

深圳朗峻广场项目复杂高层结构设计

朗峻广场项目是多个整体建筑体块错落叠合而成的复杂建筑,其造型独特,具有45m跨度刚性连接连体、斜撑转换、竖向构件收进和大悬挑等特征,结构采用框架-多筒体剪力墙体系。阐述了刚性连体构成、转换结构的设计选型与思路,重点介绍了筒体剪力墙墙肢的关键设计要点。此外,根据项目特点确定结构的性能目标,提出了小震设计参数结果的合理提取方法和中震的设计原则,复核结构在大震下的抗震性能并根据结果采取适宜的抗震措施。结果表明本工程结构具有较好的抗震性能,采用的设计方法可行。

考虑中转旅客的枢纽机场航班时刻优化

为了更加科学合理地配置机场航班时刻资源,提出了一种考虑中转旅客的航班时刻优化方法。首先,结合中转旅客出行选择特征,构建考虑候选行程有效性的航班衔接质量评估模型。其次,建立最大化航班衔接质量和最小化航班时刻最大偏移量的双目标模型,增加考虑中转旅客类型、衔接航班类型等约束条件,使优化模型更加符合枢纽机场实际中转运行情况。最后,设计了自适应大邻域搜索算法进行求解,并将模型及算法应用于北京首都国际机场进行案例分析。结果表明,所构建的模型能依据中转旅客在时间、空间、直飞航班影响以及服务质量上的选择差异,为旅客提供更多的有效行程,增加了可达机场数量,提高了机场连通性。优化后的旅客有效行程和航班衔接质量分别提升了21.74%和21.57%,约79.66%的航班衔接质量得到改善。可见,优化后的航班时刻在时空分布上更合理,能显著提高航班之间的衔接质量,为中转旅客提供更多的有效换乘选择。

基于过饱和条件的市域铁路与地铁运行图协同优化

随着城镇一体化的快速发展,通勤客流需求逐渐增大,市域铁路与地铁的衔接为通勤旅客的出行提供了便利,但大量的通勤客流给市域铁路与地铁衔接的换乘站带来了巨大的压力。为了满足市域客流和地铁客流的出行需求,同时降低通勤旅客在换乘站的等待时间,缓解换乘站的客流压力,需要进行市域铁路与地铁列车运行图的协同优化。引入动态、过饱和OD客流概念,在过饱和条件下,考虑非均匀车头时距、灵活停站时间和旅客换乘条件等约束,从滞留旅客数量和换乘等待时间2个方面构建双目标非线性整数规划模型。结合模型特点,采用ε-约束法将其转化为单目标优化模型,设计具有双阈值和记忆功能的改进模拟退火算法。为验证所提方法的可行性和有效性,将模型及算法应用于金山铁路与上海地铁3号线上海南—中山公园进行案例研究。计算结果表明:优化后的市域铁路与地铁列车运行图,滞留旅客总数增加了9.28%,协同列车数增加了50%,旅客换乘总等待时间降低了60.79%,不断更新容忍度ε能够得到一组综合考虑旅客服务水平和换乘效率的近似Pareto方案,改进的模拟退火算法相较于传统模拟退火算法具有更好的收敛效果和求解效率。研究结果为市域铁路与地铁运行图的协同优化,进一步提升通勤客流的换乘效率提供了理论参考。

大体量装配式建筑混凝土现浇连接部位施工技术的应用

大体量装配式建筑混凝土现浇连接部位施工设计,需要考虑设计要求、施工工艺、模板尺寸和质量要求等因素。焊接转换层钢筋的同时,需计算混凝土现浇连接部位留置宽度,确保施工质量和效率。为了实现大体量装配式建筑叠合楼板的设置和夹心保温墙板的安装,需要考虑施工工艺和实际操作等因素。测试结果显示,连接部位抗拉强度最高值为41 MPa,远大于施工标准,说明大体量装配式建筑混凝土现浇连接部位施工技术效果好,具有较强的实用性。

大跨度悬挂式单轨钢箱组合梁总体设计及关键技术研究

悬挂式单轨是一种轻型、中速、低成本的新型轨道交通方式,结构轻盈、美观,但是当跨越河流、沟壑等障碍时,存在明显短板。从结构受力、运行安全角度出发,提出一种在斜拉桥的主梁上架设轨道墩柱和轨道梁的新型组合梁结构方案,突破常规悬挂式单轨跨越能力受限的壁垒。为研究斜拉桥主梁与轨道梁墩柱结合部位复杂的受力情况和传力路径,采用ANSYS软件分别建立钢箱梁区段和混凝土箱梁区段有限元模型。结果表明:钢箱梁区段,墩柱荷载主要传递给与之直接相连的横隔板以及中腹板,其中,横隔板受力比较均匀,中腹板受力主要集中在以墩柱为中心,半径约2 m的范围内,基本可以传递至钢梁底板。墩柱轴力的58%传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱横桥向弯矩的传递过程中,58.8%的剪力传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱顺桥向弯矩的传递过程中,53.4%的剪力传递给中腹板;混凝土箱梁区段,墩柱荷载主要传递给与之直接相连的混凝土腹板、横隔板。混凝土受力主要集中在以结合面为中心,半径约2 m的范围内,墩柱荷载在结合面以下约0.5 m的范围内基本完成传递,墩柱轴力的68.8%传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱横桥向弯矩的传递过程中,86.4%的剪力传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱顺桥向弯矩的传递过程中,44.6%的剪力传递给中腹板。