Seismic fragility analysis of three-tower cable-stayed bridges with different connection configurations

Seismic fragility analysis of three-tower cable-stayed bridges with three different structural systems,including rigid system(RS),floating system(FS),and passive energy dissipation system(PEDS),is conducted to study the effects of connection configurations on seismic responses and fragilities.Finite element models of bridges are established using OpenSees.A new ground motion screening method based on the statistical characteristic of the predominant period is proposed to avoid irregular behavior in the selection process of ground motions,and incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)is performed to develop components and systems fragility curves.The effects of damper failure on calculated results for PEDS are examined in terms of seismic response and fragility analysis.The results show that the bridge tower is the most affected component by different structural systems.For RS,the fragility of the middle tower is significantly higher than other components,and the bridge failure starts from the middle tower,exhibiting a characteristic of local failure.For FS and PEDS,the fragility of the edge tower is higher than the middle tower.The system fragility of RS is higher than FS and PEDS.Taking the failure of dampers into account is necessary to obtain reliable seismic capacity of cable-stayed bridges.

Research on Energy Efficiency Characteristics of Mining Shovel Hoisting and Slewing System Driven by Hydraulic-Electric Hybrid System

Mining shovel is a crucial piece of equipment for high-efficiency production in open-pit mining and stands as one of the largest energy consumption sources in mining.However,substantial energy waste occurs during the descent of the hoisting system or the deceleration of the slewing platform.To reduce the energy loss,an innovative hydrau-lic-electric hybrid drive system is proposed,in which a hydraulic pump/motor connected with an accumulator is added to assist the electric motor to drive the hoisting system or slewing platform,recycling kinetic and potential energy.The utilization of the kinetic and potential energy reduces the energy loss and installed power of the min-ing shovel.Meanwhile,the reliability of the mining shovel pure electric drive system also can be increased.In this paper,the hydraulic-electric hybrid driving principle is introduced,a small-scale testbed is set up to verify the feasibil-ity of the system,and a co-simulation model of the proposed system is established to clarify the system operation and energy characteristics.The test and simulation results show that,by adopting the proposed system,compared with the traditional purely electric driving system,the peak power and energy consumption of the hoisting electric motor are reduced by 36.7%and 29.7%,respectively.Similarly,the slewing electric motor experiences a significant decrease in peak power by 86.9%and a reduction in energy consumption by 59.4%.The proposed system expands the application area of the hydraulic electric hybrid drive system and provides a reference for its application in over-sized and super heavy equipment.

Dynamic Response of Sea-Crossing Rail-cum-Road Cable-Stayed Bridge Influenced by Random Wind–Wave–Undercurrent Coupling

Sea-crossing bridges are affected by random wind–wave–undercurrent coupling loads, due to the complex marine environment. The dynamic response of long-span Rail-cum-Road cable-stayed bridges is particularly severe under their influence, potentially leading to safety problems. In this paper, a fluid–structure separation solution method is implemented using Ansys–Midas co-simulation, in order to solve the above issues effectively while using less computational resources. The feasibility of the method is verified by comparing the tower top displacement response with relevant experimental data. From time and frequency domain perspectives, the displacement and acceleration responses of the sea-crossing Rail-cum-Road cable-stayed bridge influenced by wave-only, wind–wave, and wind–wave–undercurrent coupling are comparatively studied. The results indicate that the displacement and acceleration of the front bearing platform top are more significant than those of the rear bearing platform. The dominant frequency under wind–wave–undercurrent coupling is close to the natural vibration frequencies of several bridge modes,such that wind–wave–undercurrent coupling is more likely to cause a resonance effect in the bridge. Compared with the wave-only and wind–wave coupling, wind–wave–undercurrent coupling can excite bridges to produce larger displacement and acceleration responses: at the middle of the main girder span, compared with the wave-only case, the maximum displacement in the transverse bridge direction increases by 23.58% and 46.95% in the wind–wave and wind–wave–undercurrent coupling cases, respectively;at the tower top, the variation in the amplitude of the displacement and acceleration responses of wind–wave and wind–wave–undercurrent coupling are larger than those in the wave-only case, where the acceleration change amplitude of the tower top is from-0.93 to 0.86 m/s^(2) in the waveonly case, from-2.2 to 2.1 m/s^(2) under wind–wave coupling effect, and from-2.6 to 2.65 m/s^(2) under wind–wave–undercurrent coupling effect, indicating that the tower top is mainly affected by wind loads, but wave and undercurrent loads cannot be neglected.

Process Monitoring and Terminal Verification of Cable-Stayed Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs under Contruction

In this paper,the construction process of a cable-stayed bridge with corrugated steel webs was monitored.Moreover,the end performance of the bridge was verified by load test.Owing to the consideration of the bridge structure safety,it is necessary to monitor the main girder deflection,stress,construction error and safety state during construction.Furthermore,to verify whether the bridge can meet the design requirements,the static and dynamic load tests are carried out after the completion of the bridge.The results of construction monitoring show that the stress state of the structure during construction is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation and design requirements,and both meet the design and specification requirements.The final measured stress state of the structure is within the allowable range of the cable-stayed bridge,and the stress state of the structure is normal and meets the specification requirements.The results of load tests show that the measured deflection values of the mid-span section of the main girder are less than the theoretical calculation values.The maximum deflection of the girder is−20.90 mm,which is less than−22.00 mm of the theoretical value,indicating that the girder has sufficient structural stiffness.The maximum impact coefficient under dynamic load test is 1.08,which is greater than 1.05 of theoretical value,indicating that the impact effect of heavy-duty truck on this type of bridge is larger.This study can provide important reference value for construction and maintenance of similar corrugated steel web cable-stayed bridges.

基于动态贝叶斯网络的装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险分析

针对装配式建筑吊装施工期间风险影响因素多、不确定性高及风险状态随时间动态变化等问题,提出基于动态贝叶斯网络的装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险动态分析方法。首先,根据装配式建筑吊装施工特点和事故致因理论,从“人、物、环、管”4个方面建立风险指标体系。其次,引入时间维度建立动态贝叶斯网络模型,利用模糊理论和专家打分法量化网络节点的概率,并结合Leaky Noisy-or Gate扩展模型修正条件概率。最后,利用动态贝叶斯网络的双向推理功能对装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险进行动态风险分析。由实例分析得到某装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险的时序变化曲线,通过反向推理得到导致吊装事故发生的关键风险因素。研究成果可为分析和有效控制装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险提供新思路。

基于深度学习与机器视觉的起重机吊装安全监测方法

随着我国经济的快速发展,各类大型工程层出不穷,对起重机吊装作业的需求不断增加。然而,吊装作业过程中依然存在众多的安全隐患,极易造成人员伤亡等安全事故。因此,该文提出一种基于深度学习和机器视觉的起重机吊装安全监测方法。将深度学习与机器视觉相结合对监控图像中的被吊物和工人进行识别和定位,同时可自主判断工人是否佩戴安全帽。根据监测模型的识别和定位信息,获得工人与被吊物之间的空间关系,为起重机吊装过程提供安全预警信息。为了提高所提方法的实用性和便携性,开发一个起重机吊装安全智能监测系统,不仅可以实时显示监控图像的识别结果,而且能够输出场景的语义描述、发出安全预警信号。

基于SAPAD-QFD的施工升降机驾驶室设计研究

目的 为提高施工升降机驾驶员工作效率,改善其工作体验,设计出满足驾驶员实际需求的施工升降机驾驶室。方法 以SAPAD理论和QFD理论为理论框架,梳理出用户需求及与其对应的设计特征,并在此基础上开展设计实践。首先,通过观察法和访谈法来获取驾驶员日常行为信息,根据SAPAD理论完成“行为-产品-意义”的映射分析,并借助聚类分析法获取用户需求;其次,利用AHP法对用户需求进行权重分析并计算权重值;最后,根据QFD理论构建施工升降机驾驶室的质量屋,将各项用户需求转化为设计特征,指导设计实践。结果 根据研究结果,提出一种符合驾驶员实际需求的施工升降机驾驶室设计方案。结论 SAPAD理论与QFD理论的综合应用,一方面可以挖掘出用户的核心需求,另一方面增加了设计方案的科学性,在优化施工升降机驾驶室用户体验的同时,也为其他工业产品设计提供了有价值的参考。

装配式建筑吊装施工安全关键风险分析的改进DEMATEL方法

为了解决装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险评估体系缺失、演化路径不清的共性问题,提高施工安全科学管理水平,提出了一种基于改进决策试验与实验室评估法(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory,DEMATEL)的关键风险识别与演化路径分析方法。基于扎根理论构建装配式建筑吊装施工安全风险评价指标体系,利用基于组合数有序加权算子(Combination Ordered Weighted Averaging,C-OWA)改进直接影响矩阵,建立DEMATEL模型决策矩阵,并通过因果关系图识别关键风险因素,探究关键风险演化路径,以武汉市某工程项目为背景开展实证研究。结果表明:该项目存在X_(1)(工人的专业水平与素质差)、X_(5)(工人的技能培训与安全教育不到位)、X_(15)(人员没有进行定期的安全培训)、X_(18)(现场施工安全管理水平低)、X_(19)(风险意识缺乏)等关键风险因素;在4条基础路径和2条复合路径中,复合路径的权重高于基础路径,随着关键风险之间直接和间接作用的复杂化,发生风险事件的可能性将逐步增加;复合路径除了通过基础路径与关键风险耦合得到以外,还可以通过基础路径的相互作用演化得到。

千万吨级主井高速大载重提升技术研究与应用

以千万吨级“双超”矿山——思山岭铁矿主井提升系统建设为背景,从主井提升系统方案、竖井提升运行安全间隙研究、大型化提升技术装备应用、大型主井井塔布置等方面综合论述了主井提升系统参数确定所开展的研究工作以及设计建设采用的新技术、新装备。思山岭铁矿主井提升系统的建设将对我国类似矿山竖井高速大载重提升系统的建设实施具有较强的标杆示范意义。

井筒提升机数字孪生系统研究

为解决矿井提升系统虚拟化、数字化程度低的问题,提出基于数字孪生的井筒提升机数字化建模三维可视化与虚实交互的方法。面向井筒提升机系统,基于数字孪生五维模型框架,分析设备运行机理,对井筒提升机进行全物理属性的数字化系统建模。构建多维多尺度模型和多维异构数据模型,搭建孪生数字场景,结合虚实映射技术实现虚拟、物理场景两者的动态映射与虚实交互。以Unity3D虚拟引擎来搭建平台,集成上述功能,实现系统的数字化虚实映射与三维可视化。以某井筒提升机为应用对象,设计并开发了井筒提升机数字孪生系统,为井筒提升机数字孪生模型构建方法的实现提供了参考。

基于改进A^(*)算法的桥式起重机吊装路径规划

针对传统A^(*)算法规划路径拐点多而造成桥式起重机运行时间长、稳定性差的问题,提出了相关改进方法。首先找出A^(*)算法规划路径中所有可以相连的2个路径节点,然后通过迪杰斯特拉算法搜索得出最少拐点数量的路径。针对桥式起重机在复杂三维环境下无法得到适合工程应用的吊装路径问题,采用将三维环境信息降维至二维环境信息处理的方法,结合改进后的A^(*)算法提出了规划三维吊装路径的方法。根据实际工程应用下桥式起重机的运行特性,将z轴路径长度、二维平面路径长度和路径拐点数量作为评判吊装路径优劣的影响因子。最后引入B样条曲线对平面路径平滑处理,得到了光滑无拐点的平面运行路径,提高了起重机运行时的稳定性和作业效率,Matlab路径仿真结果证明了本文方法的可行性。

FBG传感器在起重机械局部损伤监测中的应用研究

光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感器自身应变传递特性和敏感范围波动较大,在应用过程中缺少结合被测结构性能和FBG传感器本身结构特点的应用方法。为此,研究FBG传感器在起重机械局部损伤监测中的应用。根据起重机械的内部振动状况构建损伤模型,在FBG传感器光纤的同一位置放置两个不同的Bragg光栅,并根据波长变化采集局部损伤数据,将采集到的数据输入自回归滑动平均模型(Autoregressive Moving Average Model,ARMA)中,提取损伤状态,完成起重机械局部损伤监测。实验结果表明,所提方法的反馈时间低于0.25 ms,监测到的应变数据与实际应变数据差距相近,监测的损伤部位与设定损伤部位一致,证明该方法监测反馈效率和监测精度高,监测效果好,适用于各种环境下的起重机械局部监测工作。

耙吸挖泥船吊放系统支撑结构设计与强度评估

本文通过对耙吸挖泥船吊放系统的载荷特点及其其与船体连接处的受力情况分析,探讨了有限元法校核连接处结构强度和局部振动性能,总结了工程船此类特殊设备的加强结构设计和计算校核方法。作为耙吸挖泥船作业的重要辅助设备,吊放系统必须安全、可靠,与船体连接有足够的强度和刚度,能满足频繁吊放耙管的需求。研究吊放系统的加强形式和强度校核方法,可为工程船特殊设备的船体加强区域的结构设计提供实用的参考。

基于WSR-IM的装配式预制构件吊装施工安全评价

装配式建筑预制构件吊装施工相较于传统建筑吊装作业的施工安全风险更加具有多样性和复杂性,为准确有效的评估装配式建筑预制构件吊装施工的安全风险状态,识别出关键风险因素,在多因素耦合视角下构建预制构件吊装施工安全事故致因模型。基于施工单位责任视角,首先采用WSR方法论从“物理-事理-人理”三个层面识别并筛选出预制构件吊装施工安全风险影响因素20个,其次利用可以削弱主观因素影响的C-OWA算子构建改进相互作用矩阵进行风险耦合分析,最后用实例验证该方法实用性。结果表明:该项目整体风险等级偏强,项目管理者应该重视预制构件吊装风险的预防和管控,通过采取有效的防御措施,对施工过程中的高权重风险因素进行控制,降低发生重大安全事故的概率。

大跨径刚性悬链桁架桥不带加劲弦顶推施工技术

针对悬链形上加劲连续钢桁梁桥建造,提出不带加劲弦多点同步顶推施工技术,在边跨设置拼装平台,在中跨设置临时墩,分段拼装,顶推钢桁梁,最后吊装合龙加劲弦。在施工中,设置大临结构,以减小钢桁梁的悬臂长度,适应了钢桁梁拼装及顶推装置布置的要求;采用同步控制系统与纠偏装置,解决了多点同步顶推与钢桁梁线性控制的难题;通过有限元仿真分析,验证了顶推过程的可行性;采用落梁法,解决了钢桁主梁合龙及加劲弦合龙的难题。

工业遗产项目钢结构施工关键技术研究

通过大运河杭钢工业旧址综合保护项目的实施,对钢结构加固、新建工程施工难点及其对应关键技术进行了深入研究及总结,主要包括大型钢结构斜桥的分段拆除安装、老旧钢结构管道保护施工、高炉炉体的高空大面积炉体防腐施工及室内大型幕墙龙骨安装。通过上述技术研发与应用,项目钢结构得以顺利实施,为其他项目提供了参考。

多绳摩擦提升机多连杆锁绳装置的设计与优化

针对现有锁绳装置锁绳低效、松绳困难、锁绳力不足等问题,设计出一种能够实现在各种载荷工况(尤其重载)下安全、高效地进行锁绳作业的提升钢丝绳锁紧装置(简称锁紧装置)。使用SolidWorks对锁绳装置进行三维建模,采用ANSYS对锁绳装置进行有限元分析;然后对锁绳装置关键部位第一连杆进行优化设计,采用中间复合材料设计方法获得初始优化数据组,并且使用Kriging模型建立响应面模型;最后采用多目标遗传算法进行优化。优化结果显示:第一连杆变形量减小17.46%,最大等效应力减小16.18%,显著提高了锁绳装置的综合性能,为矿井的安全、高效生产提供了保障。

大型副立井提升容器布置形式设计研究

结合某矿设计实例,对大型副立井提升容器布置形式的设计要点进行归纳总结,深入分析可行方案,从实用性、便利性和井筒直径等方面进行研究,得出了大型副立井最适用的提升容器布置形式,为其他矿井类似工程设计提供了经验,具有较高的参考价值。

轮辐式索承网格屋盖钢结构单道胎架施工技术

泰安体育场作为山东省泰安市的新地标,其钢结构屋盖采用轮辐式索承网格结构,通过68榀径向索和1道中央环索形成张拉结构体系,最大悬挑跨度为45 m。通过数值分析对施工过程进行了精细化稳定性分析,针对不规则构件吊装的工程技术难点,进行了吊装方案的设计与优化;考虑到成本控制与施工周期,极具创新性地采用了径向单道胎架作为屋盖施工过程中的临时支撑,结合工程实际情况设计了胎架转换结构,并对单道胎架整体在多种可能的荷载组合作用下进行验算与校核。通过对体育场屋盖施工全过程的模拟以及对安装过程中的重难点进行优化分析,为现场施工的安全顺利开展提供了技术保障,可为其他类似采用单道胎架施工方法的工程提供施工方案设计的新思路。

PLC在螺杆式启闭机预防螺杆压弯保护中的应用

螺杆式启闭机在日常使用下降过程中螺杆被压弯的现象时有发生,其主要原因是水闸门槽或闸室底板有较大坚硬异物一般不易被运行管理人员察觉,若异物没有被及时清理,会导致闸门运行缓慢甚至停滞。现有的保护系统很难做到及时、精准的动作,可能会造成螺杆被不同程度地压弯。通过直接跟踪闸门实时位移速度这一途径,利用PLC快速精准测量速度,并在螺杆启闭机发生异常时及时断电停机,可有效避免上述现象的发生。