Protectivity of Freeze Dried Inactivated Rift Valley Fever Vaccine

Background: Vaccinations for animals are crucial for food production, animal welfare, public health, and animal health. They are an affordable way to stop animal sickness, increase food production efficiency, and lessen or stop the spread of zoonotic diseases to humans. Animal vaccines that are both safe and efficacious are vital to modern culture. The vaccine should induce a strong, protective and prolonged immune response against the antigenic factor. In order to achieve these goals, novel vaccination techniques and an efficient adjuvant are required to render the vaccine immunogenically protective and trigger a strong immune response. Aim: Our study aims to promote and enhance the immunogenicity against RVF virus disease through lyophilized inactivated RVF vaccine through induction of early cellular, high and prolonged humeral immunity in vaccinated animals using cabopol as stabilizer and Saponin or normal saline as a diluent at time of vaccination. Moreover, manufacturing of these vaccines is easy to be done. Results: The gained results revealed that RVF freeze-dried vaccine with Carbopol that reconstituted using Saponin elicited better immune response than that reconstituted using normal saline (NaCl). The cell mediated immune response as represented by lymphocyte blastogenesis and phagocytic activity were markedly increased with high levels when we used Saponin as a diluent than that in group vaccinated with vaccine diluted with NaCl, on the other side the humeral immune response in group vaccinated using the Saponin as diluent is more detected and stayed within the protective level till the end of 11th month post vaccination (1.5 TCID50) while the immune response induced after using normal saline as a diluent stayed within the protective level till the end of 10th month post vaccination (1.8 TCID50). Conclusion: The use of Saponin as a diluent for reconstitution of the freeze dried RVF vaccine is preferable than the use of normal saline enhancing both sheep cellular and humeral immune response.

氯化钠强化硫酸吗啡缓释液体栓制备及其性能

根据温敏原位凝胶的特性制备了以泊洛沙姆407/188为主要基质,卡波姆、氯化钠、氮酮和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚为添加剂的硫酸吗啡缓释液体栓,测定了其凝胶温度、凝胶强度和生物黏附力,研究了其体外溶出和在Beagle犬体内的药物吸收.用3p97程序计算药物代谢动力学参数,进行体外释放和体内吸收的相关性研究.结果表明,一定量的氯化钠与卡波姆产生协同作用,使凝胶温度下降,凝胶强度增加.该缓释液体栓在体外释药符合零级模式,在Beagle犬体内释药过程符合一室模型.其中,经氯化钠强化的处方（卡波姆为0.8%,氯化钠为1.0%）相关药物代谢动力学参数为：峰浓度为409.7 ng.mL-1,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC）为5 708 ng.h.mL-1,体内平均滞留时间（MRT）为10.92 h,体外释药时间为7~10 h,体内缓释时限达9~18 h,显示出良好的缓控释特征.

吗啡缓控释液体栓的研制及体内外相关性

目的:以泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188为组合基质,添加生物黏附剂卡波姆和促渗剂氮酮制备温敏型吗啡缓释液体栓,考察体内外相关性。方法:设计新的体外溶出装置,以凝胶温度、凝胶强度、生物黏附力和释放度为指标进行体外筛选;经犬直肠给药测定体内药物释放特性进行体内筛选;用3p97程序计算药代动力学参数。结果:当体外释放结果符合零级模式,R2>0.9且释药时限>10 h,体内药物释放出现血药平台,显示良好的体内外相关性;药代动力学研究结果表明:体内过程为一室模型,t1/2(Ke)=5.65 h,t1/2(Ka)=0.78 h,Cmax=361.8 ng.mL-1,AUC0～∞=4 046.1 ng.h.mL-1,MRT=10.94 h。结论:所制备的吗啡液体栓具有良好的缓控释特征。