Optimum Calcination Condition of Waste Stabilized Adobe for Alkali Activated High Volume Adobe-Slag Binder Cured at Room Temperature

This study aims to determine the most convenient calcination temperature and calcination duration of wastestabilized Adobe(AB)to produce a new alkali-activated binder.Waste-stabilized Adobe mainly consists of soil,CaCO3 as a stabilizer,and straw(for strengthening).The availability of raw materials for making Adobe presents the waste-stabilized Adobe as a potential product for a new alkali-activated binder.Waste-stabilized Adobe collected from an abandoned damaged building in the village of Inonu in Northern Cyprus,ground and calcined at the following temperatures:450,550,650,750,850,and 950℃.The calcination at each temperature was held for different durations 1,3,5,and 7 h.Raw and calcined waste stabilized Adobe structures were investigated using XRF,TGA-DTA,XRD,FTIR,and SEM.Considering technical and environmental views related to energy consumption,waste stabilized Adobe calcined at 750℃ for 1 h presented the most promising results regarding the production of a new precursor for alkali-activated binder.This study also presents the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS)usage on the fresh and hardened properties of optimum calcined AB-based alkali-activated pastes cured at room temperature.GGBFS was used to partially replace AB to form a binary composite raw material system and seven experimental groups were designed according to replacement levels of 0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%and 30%(by mass).Alkali-activated high volume waste-stabilized Adobe-slag pastes prepared using Na2SiO3-to-NaOH ratio of 2 and 12 M concentration of Sodium Hydroxide.The fresh property as flowability and the hardened property as the compressive strength of the alkali-activated pastes with different GGBFS contents were investigated.The results indicated that the incorporation of GGBFS increased the flowability of fresh alkali-activated pastes.A 28-day compressive strength of 43.75 MPa can be obtained by a 30%replacement level of GGBFS.

Orientational Separation of Sulfur in Petroleum Coke by Alkali Calcining and Reflux Washing

The application of high-sulfur petroleum coke after desulfurization in aluminum electrolysis anodes is an important development trend. However, removing sulfur from high-sulfur petroleum coke is still a significant challenge.This study proposes alkali calcining and reflux washing to examine the impacts of temperature, particle size, the mass ratio of Na_(2)CO_(3) to NaOH, and total sodium addition on the desulfurization efficiency and mechanism. The results show that the desulfurization rate increases with increasing temperature, increasing total sodium content, and decreasing particle size. The addition of alkali can significantly reduce the opening-ring reaction temperature of thiophene and convert organic sulfur into inorganic sulfur(Na_(2)S). Three washing methods were compared, and reflux washing was selected to separate inorganic sulfur(Na_(2)S) from calcined petroleum coke. The sulfur content in petroleum coke decreased from 7.29% to 1.90%, with a desulfurization rate of 80.13% under optimal conditions. The petroleum coke was analyzed before and after desulfurization using X-Ray diffraction(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Infrared Spectroscopy(IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry(TG-DSC), Gaschromatography-mass Spectrometry(GC-MS). The results show that thiophene and benzothiophene in petroleum coke are decomposed and converted into octane and ethyl cyclohexane. These new observations are expected to provide further understanding and guidance for the utilization of highsulfur petroleum coke.

Calcined Clay Pozzolan as an Admixture to Mitigate the Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete

Calcined clay pozzolan has been used to replace varying portions of high alkali Portland limestone cement in order to study its effect on the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Portland limestone cement used for the study had a total Na2Oeq of 4.32. Mortar-bar expansion decreased as pozzolan content in the cement increased. The highest expansion was recorded for reference bars with no pozzolan, reaching a maximum of 0.35% at 42 days whilst the expansion was reduced by between 42.5% and 107.8% at 14 days and between 9.4% and 16.4% at 84 days with increasing calcined clay pozzolan content. Mortar bars with 25% pozzolan were the least expansive recording expansion less than 0.1% at all test ages. X-ray diffractometry of the hydrated blended cement paste powders showed the formation of stable calcium silicates in increasing quantities whilst the presence of expansive alkali-silica gel, responsible for ASR expansion, decreased as pozzolan content increased. The study confirms that calcined clay pozzolan has an influence on ASR in mortar bars and causes a significant reduction in expansion at a replacement level of 25%.

凹凸棒石黏土煅烧-碱浸法合成纯4A沸石的研究

以凹凸棒石黏土为原料,经过煅烧、酸化、碱浸处理,滤液添加铝源后水热晶化合成了高纯4A沸石。采用XRD、FT-IR和SEM对产品进行了表征。研究了煅烧、晶化时间、SiO2∶Al2O3摩尔比对4A沸石合成的影响,结果显示凹土经过煅烧可提高SiO2成分的浸出率和4A沸石的产率;当合成液各组分摩尔比为3.9Na2O∶1Al2O3∶1.8SiO2∶138H2O时,90℃水热晶化5h以上,可合成结晶度高的4A沸石,晶化时间越长,结晶度越高;n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)决定沸石合成的种类,合成液中n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)为1.8～2.8时合成4A沸石,n(SiO2)∶n(Al2O3)为3时合成4A沸石和X型沸石。

煅烧-碱溶法制粉煤灰类沸石吸附剂及其在处理含铅废水中的应用

粉煤灰吸附性能研究是当前环境科学领域中的一个研究热点 ,但原状粉煤灰的吸附效果不理想。本文报道的用煅烧 -碱溶法制得类沸石吸附剂的比表面积为 112 .6m2 / g、孔隙率为 83 .1% ,分别是改性前的 40 .2 2和 1.67倍。用此类沸石吸附剂来处理浓度为 2 0 0mg/L的模拟含铅废水 ,去除率为 84.87% ,吸附容量为 3 3 .94mg/ g ,分别是改性前的3 1.13和 3 1.42倍 ,处理效果优于市售一级活性炭。并用 0 .1mol/L的HCl溶液和饱和NaCl溶液再生此吸附剂 ,解吸率达到了 98%以上 ,此再生的类沸石吸附剂处理含铅废水的去除率也达到了 83

微波常压碱熔-过氧化氢光度法测定氧化焙烧钒钛球团中二氧化钛

建立了微波常压碱熔融法分解样品结合光度法测定氧化焙烧钒钛球团中二氧化钛含量的分析方法。实验以台式微波化学实验炉为热源,过氧化钠和氢氧化钠的混合物作为熔剂,试样在480 W微波功率下加热14min被充分分解。用硫-磷混合酸将碱熔融物酸化,大量的铁基体与磷酸络合,从而消除其干扰。分取部分试液在硫酸介质中以过氧化氢为显色剂显色,采用标准曲线法确定试样中二氧化钛的量。在0~40μg/mL范围内建立二氧化钛校准曲线,其线性相关系数r≥0.999 8。以氟化物褪色参比溶液可消除共存的钒、铬等干扰元素的影响。经不同实验室用X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）和滴定法对实际样品进行比对分析,实验方法的测定结果与其他方法相吻合,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.22%~0.82%之间,结果满足工业生产的需要。

碱活化-煅烧制备生物炭对重金属的吸附研究

为探究碱活化-煅烧生物炭对水中重金属的吸附性能,采用氢氧化钠活化-管式炉煅烧制备柚子皮生物炭,通过吸附水中铅离子的试验研究。结果表明:碱活化-煅烧后柚子皮粉在扫描电镜下呈片状结构,表面平整,结构有序,杂质明显减少,内部有丰富的孔道,为后续吸附反应提供了充足的条件;红外光谱分析得知羧基、羟基类基团起到主要的吸附作用;pH、震荡时间、吸附剂用量、重金属铅离子的初始浓度和震荡温度等因素,都对碱活化-煅烧生物炭吸附水中重金属铅离子有显著的影响。通过实验,得出用5%氢氧化钠改性并经过管式炉煅烧后的改性柚子皮粉对重金属铅离子的去除率可达到98%以上。分别用Langmuir和Freundlich对吸附等温方程进行拟合,未经煅烧的柚子皮粉吸附废水中重金属铅离子吸附等温线更符合Freundlich等温方程,经煅烧的柚子皮粉生物炭吸附废水中重金属铅离子的吸附等温线更符合Langmuir吸附等温方程。

ZnO/γ-Al_2O_3和CuO/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂表面酸碱性的研究

文章研究了不同担载量的ZnO或CuO改性的γ-Al2O3样品的酸碱特性以及焙烧温度的影响,并用吸附量热技术测定了其表面酸碱位的强度和数量。

碱处理对高岭土微球上原位合成ZSM-5分子筛的影响

以碱处理的焙烧高岭土微球（CKM）为载体,采用原位合成方法成功制备了ZSM-5分子筛。考察了碱处理条件对原位合成的影响。采用XRD、FESEM、N2吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD对合成样品进行了表征。结果表明：碱处理条件对晶化产物的化学组成、形貌结构有显著影响。7.4%（质量分数）的氢氧化钠溶液在95℃、1.5 h条件下处理的CKM表面合成出纯相的ZSM-5分子筛,颗粒尺寸约为0.8~1μm,比表面积为128 m2/g,总孔容、微孔比表面积和酸量均明显增加。

碱洗-氧化钙煅烧两段法改性粉煤灰脱除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究

采用碱洗-氧化钙煅烧两段法对粉煤灰进行改性处理,利用红外光谱和扫描电镜对改性前后的粉煤灰的键位基团及形态进行表征,以投加量、pH值、煅烧温度和吸附时间作为变量对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水进行吸附处理。结果表明,当改性粉煤灰投加量为6 g/L、废水初始pH值为8、第二段煅烧温度为800℃、粉煤灰与氧化钙配比为3∶1时,吸附容量为16.06 mg/g,吸附效率达96.38%。动力学拟合过程表明该改性粉煤灰对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合伪二阶动力学方程,以化学吸附为主,吸附过程具有持续性。

LRG1 promotes corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in a corneal alkali burn mouse model

AIM:To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of leucine-richα-2-glycoprotein-1(LRG1)on corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.METHODS:Corneal neovascularization and lymphatics were induced by establishing alkali burn mouse model.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the location of LRG1 in cornea tissues and to verify the source of LRG1-positive cells.Corneal whole-mount staining for CD31(a panendothelial cell marker)and lymphatic endothelial hyluronan receptor-1(LYVE-1;lymphatic marker)was performed to detect the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels after local application of exogenous LRG1 protein or LRG1 si RNA.In addition,expressions of the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)related proteins were detected using Western blot analysis.RESULTS:LRG1 was dramatically increased in alkali burned corneal stroma in both the limbal and central areas.LRG1-positive cells in the corneal stroma were mainly derived from Vimentin-positive cells.Local application ofexogenous LRG1 protein not only aggravated angiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis significantly(P<0.01).LRG1 group upregulated the levels of VEGF and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)family when compared with the phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)control group.We also found that LRG1-specific si RNA could suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis when compared with the scramble si RNA-treated group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:LRG1 can facilitate corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through heightening the stromal expression of VEGF-A,B,C,D and VEGFR-1,2,3;LRG1-specific si RNA can suppress corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in corneal alkali burn mice.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURE PARAMETERS OF POLYESTER ON ITS ALKALI REACTION RATE

The effect of the supermoleclar structure of polyester on the effective alkali hy-drolysisis rate constant k has been investigated in the paper.That the average non-crvstal line volume around per crystal grain has a close relation to the k is proved byexperiments.A simple and effctive method for assessing what effect of the super-molecular structure on the k by its CDT value( Critical Dissolution Time) has beenput forward.

煅烧黏土反应活性及其影响机理

采用煅烧黏土在碱性溶液中的反应热试验,探明了氢氧化钙含量、反应温度、煅烧温度和高岭石含量等因素对煅烧黏土反应活性的影响规律及其机理.结果表明:反应热试验能够实现煅烧黏土反应活性的快速表征,且累计放热量与黏土中高岭石含量具有良好的线性相关性;随着煅烧温度的升高,黏土颗粒逐渐破碎,结构无序化程度增大,反应活性出现并逐渐增长到峰值,随后黏土颗粒粒径进一步增大,导致反应活性显著下降.

从含钌合金中浸出钌的实验研究

本文通过熔炼碎化、酸溶、有氧煅烧、球磨、碱熔水浸的工艺,从含钌硬质合金中浸出钌。考察了碎化剂与钌合金的比例、熔炼温度、熔炼时间、酸的用量、有氧煅烧温度、物料粒度、碱熔料比、碱熔温度、水浸温度、水浸时间等因素对钌浸出率的影响。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,钌的一次浸出率可以达到98.5%以上。

改性高岭土结构特性研究

考察了不同焙烧温度的高岭土分别经酸、碱改性后的结构特性.结果表明,焙烧温度为700～900℃时,强酸改性后偏高岭土的SiO2/Al2O3值(质量比)、比表面积和比孔容均显著增大,表面酸值增大且出现强酸中心;强碱改性后偏高岭土的SiO2/Al2O3值变化不明显,比表面积和比孔容均有所降低;强碱改性偏高岭土的表面酸值小于强酸改性偏高岭土的表面酸值.

煤矸石制备白炭黑的试验及机理研究

以淮南煤矸石为原料,经煅烧活化、脱杂、烧碱熔硅和乙醇的作用,最后酸中和等工艺过程,制得非晶态、粒度可达纳米级的白炭黑。主要考察了煤矸石煅烧活化温度、碱用量、乙醇浓度等对白炭黑产率和性质的影响,并利用激光粒度分布测试仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等对产品进行了表征。对制备过程的机理进行了分析和探讨。

无烟粉煤催化气化含碱灰渣的煅烧无害化

报道了福建劣质无烟粉煤催化气化含碱灰渣在一内径 ф3 2mm的实验室固定床模试装置中的煅烧研究。对水蒸汽催化气化和混合气 (空气 水蒸汽 )催化气化的两种含碱灰渣进行煅烧处理 ,生成了难溶性的硅酸复盐。当煅烧温度870℃～ 90 0℃、煅烧时间 2 5min～ 3 0min ,可以达到 85W %以上的脱碱率 ;而 3W %脱碱助剂的加入 ,可使脱碱率提高到95W %以上 ,实现了含碱灰渣的煅烧无害化。粉煤催化气化制度与含碱灰渣煅烧制度的一致性提供了科学地实现“催化气化 -灰渣煅烧”集成式流化床新工艺的理论依据 ,加速了催化气化的工业化进程。

粉煤灰加碱煅烧水热合成NaA沸石工艺研究

粉煤灰加碱煅烧活化后,分别采用碱溶和酸溶的方法成功制备出NaA沸石。研究了不同合成方法的工艺过程及参数,得出最佳碱溶参数为:温度100℃、时间0.5 h、液固比30mL/g、NaOH浓度2.5 mol/L,此方法 Si、Al溶解率分别为27.35%和9.13%。最佳酸溶参数为:液固比20∶1、盐酸溶液质量分数10%,此方法 Si、Al溶解率分别为72.64%和70.01%。

高岭土焙烧活化研究

采用XRD研究不同温度焙烧的高岭土,发现随焙烧温度升高,高岭土发生一系列相变。碱溶实验结果表明,高岭土经不同温度焙烧后,由相变而产生的活性硅、铝含量不同;在450～600℃之间,活性硅、铝含量随焙烧温度升高而升高;在600～900℃之间,活性硅含量基本保持不变,活性铝含量缓慢增加;在900～1100℃之间,活性硅含量迅速上升,而活性铝含量迅速下降。Y型分子筛合成实验结果表明,活性硅、铝含量的变化对分子筛合成有重要影响。

无烟粉煤催化气化含碱灰渣的煅烧脱碱

在具有温控的小型高温加热炉中,通过静态煅烧研究了温度、时间及助剂对高变质程度无烟粉煤催化气化后的含碱灰渣中碱含量的影响,结果表明:最佳的脱碱煅烧温度及时间分别为870℃和30min;最佳的脱碱助剂高岭土在其添加浓度为5%时,灰渣脱碱率可达100%.采用X射线粉晶衍射及扫描电镜对煅烧后的灰渣进行表征,揭示了含碱灰渣煅烧脱碱过程的实质,即在适宜煅烧温度下,含碱灰渣中被活化的主要矿物质SiO2(形成玻璃网络氧化物)、Al2O3(修饰中间氧化物)和熔融并分解的Na2CO3(分解为修饰网络氧化物Na2O)等发生化学反应转变为中性物质霞石(NaAlSiO4)及其他无定形复合硅酸盐,从而降低了灰渣中的碱含量.