Orai1过表达激活Calcineurin/TFEB通路对帕金森病细胞模型自噬及细胞活性的影响

目的研究钙释放激活钙通道调节分子1(calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1,Orai1)蛋白过表达激活钙调神经磷酸酶(Calcineurin,CaN)/转录因子EB(transcription factor EB,TFEB)通路对帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)细胞模型自噬水平与细胞活性的影响。方法将培养的SH-SY5Y细胞给予1-甲基-4-苯基-吡啶离子(1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium,MPP^(+))处理建立PD细胞模型,并分为对照组、MPP^(+)组、MPP^(+)+oe-NC组、MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1组与MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1+FK506(CaN抑制剂)组。采用CCK-8检测各组SH-SY5Y细胞的存活率;采用细胞可渗透钙离子荧光探针检测各组细胞胞内钙离子水平;采用ELISA法检测各组细胞CaN含量;采用RT-qPCR检测各组细胞Orai1、微管关联蛋白1A/1B轻链3(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3)、P62 mRNA相对表达水平;采用Western blot检测各组细胞Orai1、基质相互作用分子1(stromal interaction molecule 1,STIM1)、CaN、TFEB、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、P62以及酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)蛋白表达水平。结果(1)与MPP^(+)+oe-NC组比较,MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1组胞内钙离子水平、LC3 mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白比值增高(P<0.05),P62蛋白表达水平减少(P<0.01),而CaN抑制剂FK506干预可抑制Orai1过表达对细胞LC3 mRNA表达水平、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白比值及P62蛋白表达水平的影响(P<0.01或P<0.05)。(2)与MPP^(+)+oe-NC组比较,MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1组细胞CaN表达水平增加,TFEB核移位增加(均P<0.05),而MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1+FK506组细胞TFEB核移位较MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1组减少(P<0.01)。(3)与MPP^(+)+oe-NC组比较,MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1组细胞TH表达水平和细胞活性增加(均P<0.01),而MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1+FK506组细胞TH表达水平和细胞活性较MPP^(+)+oe-Orai1组降低(均P<0.01)。结论Orai1蛋白过表达可增强PD模型细胞自噬水平与细胞活性,其机制与Orai1蛋白过表达激活CaN/TFEB通路有关。

Cloning and Functional Analysis of Calcineurin Subunits A and B in Development and Fecundity of Nilaparvata lugens(Stål)

Serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin(CN)is a unique but confounding calcium/calmodulin-mediated enzyme,which is composed of a catalytic subunit A(CNA)and a regulatory subunit B(CNB).We cloned six transcripts for CNA named from NlCNA-X1 to NlCNA-X6,one CNB named NlCNB1 and one CNB homologous gene NlCNBH1 from Nilaparvata lugens.All of them are constitutively transcripted in various tissues and developmental stages.The primary structure of the six isoforms showed obvious differences in the length and composition of the amino acid sequence between the two binding domains of Ca^(2+)/calmodulin(CaM)and CNB.Ca^(2+)-binding EF-hand motifs were found in NlCNB1 and NlCNBH1.The specific gene silencing of NlCNA,NlCNB1 and NlCNBH1 respectively by RNAi resulted in drastical reduction in survival rate,female weight,eclosion rate and fecundity of N.lugens.These results showed that NlCNA,NlCNB1 and NlCNBH1 were required for N.lugens growth and reproduction.The negative effects of NlCNB1 silence on nymph mortality(97%),molting malformation(90%)and female sterile(50%)were more serious than those of NlCNA or NlCNBH1.qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)analyses indicated that the nymphs with silenced NlCNA,NlCNB1 or NlCNBH1 showed impaired hormone and energy metabolism.In nymphs,the contents of 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E)after NlCNB1 RNAi and phenoloxidase after NlCNA RNAi were particularly decreased.These results suggested that NlCNA is involved in immunity of N.lugens by regulation of phenoloxidase,while NlCNB1 may control the growth and development of N.lugens by 20E signaling pathway in addition to interact with CNA.Injection of 70 ng/μL dsNlCNB1 resulted in 77.0%down regulation of NlCNB1,and the nymph mortality was up to 57.9%at 10 d after injection.Therefore,NlCNB1 could be a potential candidate target used for strategy design in control of N.lugens.Our results revealed the importance of CN in the regulation of the growth and development of N.lugens,which provided a basis for further study of the molecular mechanism of CN.

Differentiation of expression profi les of two calcineurin subunit genes in chicken skeletal muscles during early postnatal growth depending on anatomical location of muscles and breed

Calcineurin（Cn or CaN） is implicated in the control of skeletal muscle fiber phenotype and hypertrophy. However, little information is available concerning the expression of Cn in chickens. In the present study, the expression of two Cn subunit genes（Cn Aα and Cn B1） was quantified by q PCR in the lateral gastrocnemius（LG, mainly composing of red fast-twitch myofibers）, the soleus（mainly composing of red slow-twitch myofibers） and the extensor digitorum longus（EDL, mainly composing of white fast-twitch myofibers） from Qingyuan partridge chickens（QY, slow-growing chicken breed） and Recessive White chickens（RW, fast-growing chicken breed） on different days（1, 8, 22, 36, 50 and 64 days post-hatching）. Although Cn Aα and Cn B1 gene expressions were variable with different trends in different skeletal muscles in the two chicken breeds during postnatal growth, it is highly muscle phenotype and breed specific. In general, the levels of Cn Aα and Cn B1 gene expressions of the soleus were lower than those of EDL and LG in both chicken breeds at the same stages. Compared between the two chicken breeds, the levels of Cn Aα gene expression of the three skeletal muscles in QY chickens were higher than those in RW chickens on days 1 and 22. However, on day 64, the levels of both Cn Aα and Cn B1 gene expressions of the three skeletal muscles were lower in QY chickens than those in RW chickens. Correlation analysis of the levels of Cn Aα and Cn B1 gene expressions of the same skeletal muscle showed that there were positive correlations for all three skeletal muscle tissues in two chicken breeds. These results provide some valuable clues to understand the role of Cn in the development of chicken skeletal muscles, with a function that may be related to meat quality.

Overexpression of proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 6 protein and its clinicopathological significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Currently,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)poses a continuing,significant health challenge,but the relationship has yet to be established between ICC and the proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 6(PSMD6).AIM To investigate the protein expression and clinicopathological significance of PSMD6 in ICC.METHODS The potential impact of the PSMD6 gene on the growth of ICC cell lines was analyzed using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat knockout screening technology.Forty-two paired specimens of ICC and adjacent noncancerous tissues were collected.PSMD6 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to validate PSMD6 expression level,and its association with ICC patients’various clinicopathological characteristics was investigated.RESULTS The PSMD6 gene was found to be essential for the growth of ICC cell lines.PSMD6 protein was significantly overexpressed in ICC tissues(P<0.001),but showed no significant association with patient age,gender,pathological grade,or tumor-node-metastasis stage(P>0.05).CONCLUSION PSMD6 can promote the growth of ICC cells,thus playing a pro-oncogenic role.

Analysis of the potential biological value of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunitβin human cancer

BACKGROUND The pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunitβ(PDHB)gene which regulates energy metabolism is located in mitochondria.However,few studies have elucidated the role and mechanism of PDHB in different cancers.AIM To comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of PDHB was performed based on bioinformatics approaches to explore its tumor diagnostic and prognostic value and tumor immune relevance in cancer.In vitro experiments were performed to examine the biological regulation of PDHB in liver cancer.METHODS Pan-cancer data related to PDHB were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Analysis of the gene expression profiles of PDHB was based on TCGA and Genotype Tissue Expression Dataset databases.Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess the correlation between PDHB expression and survival prognosis in cancer patients.The correlation between PDHB and receiver operating characteristic diagnostic curve,clinicopathological staging,somatic mutation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),microsatellite instability(MSI),DNA methylation,and drug susceptibility in pan-cancer was also analyzed.Various algorithms were used to analyze the correlation between PDHB and immune cell infiltration and tumor chemotaxis environment,as well as the co-expression analysis of PDHB and immune checkpoint(ICP)genes.The expression and functional phenotype of PDHB in single tumor cells were studied by single-cell sequencing,and the functional enrichment analysis of PDHB-related genes was performed.The study also validated the level of mRNA or protein expression of PDHB in several cancers.Finally,in vitro experiments verified the regulatory effect of PDHB on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of liver cancer.RESULTS PDHB was significantly and differently expressed in most cancers.PDHB was significantly associated with prognosis in patients with a wide range of cancers,including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma,kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma,breast invasive carcinoma,and brain lower grade glioma.In some cancers,PDHB expression was clearly associated with gene mutations,clinicopathological stages,and expression of TMB,MSI,and ICP genes.The expression of PDHB was closely related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells in the immune microenvironment and the regulation of tumor chemotaxis environment.In addition,single-cell sequencing results showed that PDHB correlated with different biological phenotypes of multiple cancer single cells.This study further demonstrated that down-regulation of PDHB expression inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion functions of hepatoma cells.CONCLUSION As a member of pan-cancer,PDHB may be a novel cancer marker with potential value in diagnosing cancer,predicting prognosis,and in targeted therapy.

Genetic diversity of the S-type small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia

Objective:To determine the genetic diversity of Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia,targeting the S-type SSU rRNA gene and including aspects of natural selection and haplotype.Methods:Thirty-nine blood samples infected with P.knowlesi were collected in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.The S-type SSU rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction,cloned into a vector,and sequenced.The natural selection and haplotype of the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were determined using DnaSP v6 and illustrated using NETWORK v10.This study's 39 S-type SSU rRNA sequences and eight sequences from the Genbank database were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11.Results:Overall,the phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of a geographical cluster of P.knowlesi isolates from different areas in Malaysia based on the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences.The S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were relatively conserved and with a purifying effect.Haplotype sharing of the S-type SSU rRNA gene was observed between the P.knowlesi isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,but not between Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.Conclusions:This study suggests that the S-type SSU rRNA gene of P.knowlesi isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,and Peninsular Malaysia has fewer polymorphic sites,representing the conservation of the gene.These features make the S-type SSU rRNA gene suitable for comparative studies,such as determining the evolutionary relationships and common ancestry among P.knowlesi species.

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients caused by downregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunits

BACKGROUND The expression pattern of gamma aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptor subunits are commonly altered in patients with schizophrenia,which may lead to nerve excitation/inhibition problems,affecting cognition,emotion,and behavior.AIM To explore GABA receptor expression and its relationship with schizophrenia and to provide insights into more effective treatments.METHODS This case-control study enrolled 126 patients with schizophrenia treated at our hospital and 126 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period.The expression levels of the GABA receptor subunits were detected using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The recognized cognitive battery tool,the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery,was used to evaluate the scores for various dimensions of cognitive function.The correlation between GABA receptor subunit downregulation and schizophrenia was also analyzed.RESULTS Significant differences in GABA receptor subunit levels were found between the case and control groups(P<0.05).A significant difference was also found between the case and control groups in terms of cognitive function measures,including attention/alertness and learning ability(P<0.05).Specifically,as the expression levels of GABRA1(α1 subunit gene),GABRB2(β2 subunit gene),GABRD(δsubunit),and GABRE(εsubunit)decreased,the severity of the patients’condition increased gradually,indicating a positive correlation between the downregulation of these 4 receptor subunits and schizophrenia(P<0.05).However,the expression levels of GABRA5(α5 subunit gene)and GABRA6(α6 subunit gene)showed no significant correlation with schizophrenia(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Downregulation of the GABA receptor subunits is positively correlated with schizophrenia.In other words,when GABA receptor subunits are downregulated in patients,cognitive impairment becomes more severe.

Cardioprotective Potential of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil against Isoproterenol-induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy:Possible Involvement of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Oxidative Phosphorylation Complex Subunits

Objective:Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf is a medicinal and edible herb that is widely used for the treatment of gastric,nervous and hypertensive disorders.In this study,we investigated the cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of the essential oil,the main active ingredient of Cymbopogon citratus,on isoproterenol(ISO)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods:The compositions of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil(CCEO)were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with 16.9µg/L CCEO for 1 h followed by 10µmol/L ISO for 24 h.Cardiac hypertrophy-related indicators and NLRP3 inflammasome expression were evaluated.Subsequently,transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq)and target verification were used to further explore the underlying mechanism.Results:Our results showed that the CCEO mainly included citronellal(45.66%),geraniol(23.32%),and citronellol(10.37%).CCEO inhibited ISO-induced increases in cell surface area and protein content,as well as the upregulation of fetal gene expression.Moreover,CCEO inhibited ISO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome expression,as evidenced by decreased lactate dehydrogenase content and downregulated mRNA levels of NLRP3,ASC,CASP1,GSDMD,and IL-1β,as well as reduced protein levels of NLRP3,ASC,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1(p20),GSDMD-FL,GSDMD-N,and pro-IL-1β.The RNA-seq results showed that CCEO inhibited the increase in the mRNA levels of 26 oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits in ISO-treated cardiomyocytes.Our further experiments confirmed that CCEO suppressed ISO-induced upregulation of mt-Nd1,Sdhd,mt-Cytb,Uqcrq,and mt-Atp6 but had no obvious effects on mt-Col expression.Conclusion:CCEO inhibits ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome expression and the regulation of several oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits.

Calcineurin inhibitors-related posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in liver transplant recipients: Three case reports and review of literature

BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES),characterized by acute neurological deterioration and extensive white matter lesions on T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),is increasingly associated with calcineurin inhibitors(CNI)-related neurotoxicity.Prompt diagnosis is crucial,as early intervention,including the modification or discontinuation of CNI therapy,strict blood pressure management,corticosteroid treatment,and supportive care can significantly improve patient outcomes and prognosis.The growing clinical recognition of CNI-related PRES underscores the importance of identifying and managing this condition in patients presenting with acute neurological symptoms.CASE SUMMARY This report describes three cases of liver transplant recipients who developed PRES.The first case involves a 60-year-old woman who experienced seizures,aphasia,and hemiplegia on postoperative day(POD)9,with MRI revealing ischemic foci followed by extensive white matter lesions.After replacing tacrolimus,her symptoms improved,and no significant MRI abnormalities were observed after three years of follow-up.The second case concerns a 54-year-old woman with autoimmune hepatitis who developed headaches,seizures,and extensive white matter demyelination on MRI on POD24.Following the switch to rapamycin and the initiation of corticosteroids,her symptoms resolved,and she was discharged on POD95.The third case details a 60-year-old woman with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed PRES,evidenced by brain MRI abnormal-ities on POD11.Transitioning to rapamycin and corticosteroid therapy led to her full recovery,and she was discharged on POD22.These cases highlight the critical importance of early diagnosis,CNI modification,and stringent management in improving outcomes for liver transplant recipients with CNI related PRES.CONCLUSION Clinical manifestations,combined with characteristic MRI findings,are crucial in diagnosing PRES among organ transplant recipients.However,when standard treatments are ineffective or MRI results are atypical,alternative diagnoses should be taken into considered.

Is 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 a potential molecular target for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

In this editorial we comment on the article by Tang et al published in the recent issue of World Journal of Hepatology.Drug therapy of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)poses an enormous challenge since only a small proportion of patients demonstrate beneficial responses to therapeutic agents.Thus,there has been a sustained search for novel molecular targets for iCCA.The study by Tang et al evaluated the role of 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6(PSMD6),a 19S regulatory subunit of the proteasome,in human iCCA cells and specimens.The authors employed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)knockout screening technology integrated with the computational CERES algorithm,and analyzed the human protein atlas(THPA)database and tissue microarrays.The results show that PSMD6 is a gene essential for the proliferation of 17 iCCA cell lines,and PSMD6 protein was overexpressed in iCCA tissues without a significant correlation with the clinicopathological parameters.The authors conclude that PSMD6 may play a promoting role in iCCA.The major limitations and defects of this study are the lack of detailed information of CRISPR knockout screening,in vivo experiments,and a discussion of plausible mechanistic cues,which,therefore,dampen the significance of the results.Further studies are required to verify PSMD6 as a molecular target for developing novel therapeutics for iCCA.In addition,the editorial article summarizes the latest advances in molecular targeted drugs and recently emerging immunotherapy in the clinical management of iCCA,development of proteasome inhibitors for cancer therapy,and advantages of CRISPR screening technology,computational methods,and THPA database as experimental tools for fighting cancer.We hope that these comments may provide some clues for those engaged in the field of basic and clinical research into iCCA.

Calcineurin/NFAT信号通路上调5型磷酸二酯酶的表达及介导内皮素-1诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖

目的探讨Calcineurin/NFAT信号通路是否介导内皮素-1(ET-1)诱导的5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)的表达及肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)的增殖;同时验证Calcineurin抑制剂环孢素A及PDE5抑制剂西地那非能否抑制ET-1刺激的PASMCs增殖。方法以ET-1刺激PASMCs增殖,分别于ET-1刺激前给予环孢素A或西地那非抑制Calcineurin或PDE5的活性。采用Calcineurin活性检测试剂盒检测其活性,免疫印迹法检测PDE5的表达,酶联免疫吸附法检测cGMP的含量,3H-TdR渗入法检测PASMCs的增殖。结果 ET-1可激活原代培养的PASMCs中Calcineurin的活性,上调PDE5表达,降低cGMP的水平。Calcineurin特异性抑制剂环孢素A可阻断ET-1的上述作用;抑制PDE5的活性可逆转ET-1导致的cGMP含量减少。而环孢素A及西地那非可分别抑制ET-1刺激的PASMCs增殖。结论 ET-1可通过激活Calcineurin/NFAT信号通路介导ET-1诱发的PDE5表达,进而降低cGMP含量,引起PASMCs增殖;而抑制Calcineurin或PDE5可提高cGMP水平,抑制ET-1诱导的PASMCs增殖。

Calcineurin和TRPC6参与ET-1诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖

目的:探讨Calcineurin和瞬时感受器电位6(TRPC6)的相互作用以及对内皮素-1(ET-1)诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。方法:以ET-1刺激肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)检测Calcineurin活性以及TRPC6的表达;分别于ET-1刺激前给予Calcineurin特异性抑制剂环孢素A(CsA)和TRPC6 siRNA处理,测定Calcineurin活性、TRPC6的表达以及细胞的增殖情况;采用Calcineurin活性检测试剂盒检测其活性,Western blot和RT-PCR检测TRPC6的表达,MTT法检测PASMCs的增殖。结果:ET-1可激活原代培养的PASMCs中Calcineurin的活性,上调TRPC6的表达;CsA和TRPC6 siRNA可以分别降低TRPC6表达和Calcineurin活性;也可以抑制ET-1刺激的PASMCs增殖。结论:Calcineurin与TRPC6参与ET-1诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖并相互影响。

CPU86017及其旋光异构体对L-甲状腺素致大鼠心肌病异常的calcineurin和NFκB基因表达的抑制作用(英文)

目的:研究CPU86017及其旋光异构体对L-甲状腺素致大鼠心肌病异常的calcineurin和NFκB基因改变,并比较CPU86017及其旋光异构体对它们的作用。方法:大鼠随机分成7组,每日给予L-甲状腺素(0.2 mg.kg-1,sc)共10 d造成心肌病模型,CPU86017及其旋光异构体(SR、SS、RS、RR)(4 mg.kg-1,sc)在d 6连续给药5 d。动物处死后测定心脏指数,取大鼠心脏测定心肌组织中氧化应激指标,NO和iNOS的活力,大鼠左心室心肌Calci-neurin、NF-κB的基因表达由半定量逆转录酶PCR方法测定。结果:L-甲状腺素致大鼠心肌病模型组心肌明显肥大,氧化应激增强,NO含量减少,iNOS活力增强,Calcineurin和NF-κB基因表达上调。给予CPU86017及其旋光异构体能不同程度地改善心肌中NO含量及iNOS活力,减轻氧化应激,可以下调这些基因的表达,其中SR比其它旋光异构体疗效好。结论:Calcineurin和NF-κB可能对L-甲状腺素所致大鼠心肌病中细胞内钙调节起着重要的作用,CPU86017及其旋光异构体SR对L-甲状腺素所致大鼠心肌病具有保护作用,该作用与抑制心肌Calci-neurin、NF-κB基因的表达、抑制NOS及抗氧化有关。

Cloning and Sequence of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α Subunit from Chilo suppressalis

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a significant role in excitatory synaptic transmission in insects and are the target for chloronicotinyl and nereistoxin insecticides.In recent years,Chilo suppressalis,an economically important pest of rice,developed high resistance against monosultap,a nereistoxin insecticide acting on nAChR.In order to reveal the hypothesized target insensitive mechanism,studies on the molecular property of nAChR from Chilo suppressalis are required.In this study,the full length cDNA of nAChR α subunit from this pest was cloned by RT-PCR.Sequence analysis shows that it is a novel nAChR α subunit,which was named as Cs α 1(Genbank accession No.AF418987).It contains 1?997?bp nucleotides and involves an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a mature protein of 509 amino acids excluding a signal peptide of 24 amino acids.The deduced amino acid sequence was 52%-94% identical to the reported insect nAChR genes.

Bioinformatics Analysis on α Subunit Gene of Phycobiliprotein from Spirulina maxima

[Objective]The α subunit gene of phycobiliprotein from Spirulina maxima was studied in order to provide a basis for the subsequent study of phycobiliprotein.[Method] Amino acids composition,signal peptides,hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and trails-membrane topological structure of α subunit gene of phycobiliprotein from Spirulina maxima which registered in GenBank（GenBank AF441177） were analyzed and predicted by the tools of bioinformatic analysis.Meanwhile,phylogenetic tree was constructed based on α subunit gene of phycobiliprotein from Spirulina maxima,and its molecular evolution was also analyzed.[Result]The phycobiliprotein was rich in amino acids,which not only contained 18 kinds of essential amino acids,but also contained some non-essential amino acids like glycine,aspartic acid,etc.;Analysis on signal peptides and trails-membrane topological structure showed that the phycobiliprotein belonged to intracellular protein;Analysis on hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity showed that the phycobiliprotein belonged to hydrophilic protein;Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phycobiliprotein had a high homology with Arthrospira,which reached 99%-100%.[Conclusion]The study provided a certain reference for studying the relationship and interaction between α subunit and β subunit.

细胞核CaMK和Calcineurin对大鼠心肌肥厚发生的作用

目的研究大鼠心肌肥厚时,钙依赖的蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶在心肌细胞膜、细胞浆和细胞核的分布规律,以探讨核钙信号与核反应在心肌肥厚发生过程中的病理生理意义。方法制备腹主动脉缩窄大鼠心肌肥厚模型,同位素32P掺入法分别测定心肌细胞核、细胞浆和细胞膜的蛋白激酶活性及用无机磷生成显色法测定其蛋白磷酸酶活性。结果腹主动脉缩窄术后4周大鼠心肌显著肥厚,伴有明显的血液动力学异常。与正常对照组相比较,腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚组心肌细胞核钙调素蛋白激酶(CaMK)活性增加101.1%(P<0.01),其膜的酶活性升高40.2%(P<0.01),而胞浆的酶活性不变(P>0.05);心肌细胞核钙调神经磷酸酶(Calcineurin)活性增加43.6%(P<0.05),膜和胞浆中其活性增加无显著性(P>0.05)。正常组和腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚组心肌细胞CaMK和Calcineurin活性分布为核>膜>胞浆(P<0.01)。结论腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚时核内钙依赖的CaMK和Calcineurin活性增加,提示压力超负荷时细胞核内钙调节的蛋白磷酸化和去磷酸化水平增高,可能在介导心肌肥厚的发生中起重要作用。

Identification of the Rice Vacuolar ATPase B Subunit Gene and Its Expression Pattern Analysis Under Phosphorus Deficiency

A vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase.) B subunit gene has been cloned and characterized front a phosphorus starvation induced rice root subtractive cDNA library by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method and RT-PCR amplification. This gene encodes a polypeptide of 487 amino acid residues, containing a conservative ATP binding site and with a molecular weight of 54.06 kD and an isoelectric point of 4.99, southern analysis of the. genomic DNA indicates that V-ATPase B subunit is encoded by a single gene in rice genome. The amino acid homologies of V-ATPase B subunits among different organisms range from 76% to 97% and reveals that the evolution of V-ATPase B subunit is accompanied with the biological evolution. Expression pattern analysis indicated that the maximal expression of V-ATPase B subunit gene occurred at an early stage (6 - 12 h) after phosphorus starvation in roots, and lately stage (24 - 48 It) in leaves. Under phosphorus deficiency, the up-regulated expression of V-ATPase gene was presumed to strengthen the proton transport and provide the required energy to maintain an electrochemical gradient across the tonoplast to facilitate Phosphorus transport.

Calcineurin在大鼠心脏缺血预处理中的作用

为观察环孢霉素 (syclosporinA)对缺血预处理心脏保护作用的影响 ,探讨Calcineurin信号通路在心脏缺血预处理中的作用 ,制备离体大鼠心肌缺血 再灌注模型 ,测定心功能和心肌Calcineurin活性。结果发现 ,缺血预处理明显减轻缺血 再灌注的心功能抑制 ,与单纯缺血 再灌注比较 ,冠状动脉灌流量、收缩期左室内压最大变化速率和舒张期左室内压最大变化速率分别减少 39% (P <0 .0 5 )、33 % (P <0 .0 1)和 5 2 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,心肌钙含量下降2 1% (P <0 .0 1)。Calcineurin抑制剂环孢霉素A可抵消缺血预处理的心肌保护作用。此外 ,缺血 45min 再灌 15min使心肌Calcineurin活性升高 ,与对照组相比较 ,Calcineurin活性增加 1.9倍 (P <0 .0 1)。单纯缺血预处理组心肌Cal cineurin的活性较对照组增加 2 .3倍 (P <0 .0 1)。环孢霉素A预先处理心脏则完全阻断了缺血预处理诱导的Calci neurin激活 ,与缺血预处理组相比较 ,其活性下降 75 % (P <0 .0 1)。

脑提取物中Calcineurin活性测定方法的优化

以32P标记的RII多肽为底物,研究了在脑提取物中钙调神经磷酸酶(CN)活性的测定过程中,CN活性依赖的一些离子或蛋白及测活条件对CN活性的影响,对脑提取物中CN活性的测定方法进行了优化.实验表明,脑提取物中的Ca2+足以激活CN活性,在测活反应体系中不需再补加Ca2+,但补加钙调素(CaM)是必须的,其在反应体系中的最适浓度是0.13μmol.L-1;抑制反应体系中的CN活性的最适EGTA浓度为0.16 mmol.L-1;对于脑提取物中的CN活性,Mn2+是比Mg2+更有效的激活剂,其最适终浓度为0.5 mmol.L-1;脑匀浆过程中蛋白酶抑制剂的加入有助于在90min内保持CN的活性.

人源蛋白酶体α亚基6(Proteasome subunit alpha 6)在酿酒酵母表面展示

为构建人源蛋白酶体α亚基6(α6)的酵母展示体系,研制其单克隆抗体用于抗体表位分析和研究泛素-蛋白酶体途径,建立绕过重组抗原表达及纯化制备、将展示重组抗原直接应用于抗体检测的方法.在酵母展示表达载体pICAS中引入His.tag标签,将编码α6的基因PSA6_HUMAN克隆到酵母表面展示载体pICAS-H上,用流式细胞仪检测其抗原表位活性,以表面展示α6的重组酵母细胞,结合酶联吸附免疫检测技术,建立酵母(yeast)-ELISA检测技术,应用于检测小鼠单克隆抗体及单抗效价.酵母细胞培养48h后获得抗原α6的高效表面展示,展示的α6具有良好的抗原活性和特异性,将α6的展示酵母用于yeast-ELISA的初步实验结果显示可有效检测和筛选到抗α6抗体.