Antilithic Effects of Extracts from Urtica dentata Hand on Calcium Oxalate Urinary Stones in Rats

This study examined the potential antilithic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine Urtica dentata Hand （UDH） in experimental rats and screened the optimal extract of UDH as a possible therapeutic agent for kidney stones. The rat model of urinary calcium oxalate stones was induced by intragastric （i.g.） administration of 2 mL of 1.25% ethylene glycol （EG） and 1% ammonium chloride （AC） for 28 days and was confirmed by Color Doppler ultrasound imaging. The rats in different experimental groups were then intragastrically given petroleum ether extract （PEE）, N-butanol extract （NBE）, aqueous extract （AqE） of UDH, Jieshitong （positive control drug）, and saline, respectively. Treatment with NBE significantly reduced the elevated levels of urinary calcium, uric acid, phosphate, as well as increased urinary output. Accordingly, the increased calcium, oxalate levels and the number of calcium oxalate crystals deposits were remarkably reverted in the renal tissue of NBE-treated rats. In addition, NBE also prevented the impairment of renal function to decrease the contents of blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine. Taken together, these data suggest that NBE of UDH has a beneficial effect on calcium oxalate urinary stones in rats by flushing the stones out and protecting renal function.

Field trial on use of soybean crude extract for carbonate precipitation and wind erosion control of sandy soil

Wind erosion is a major cause of land desertification and sandstorm formation in arid and semi-arid areas.The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of soybeans crude extract induced calcium carbonate precipitation(SICP)on reducing wind erosion risk of sandy soil.Field tests were carried out in Ulan Buh Desert,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.Results showed that the SICP method could significantly enhance the surface strength and wind erosion resistance of the topsoil.The optimal cementation solution(urea-CaCl2)concentration and spraying volume,according to experiments conducted on sandy land,were 0.2 mol/L and 4 L/m^2,respectively.Under this condition,the CaCO3 content was approximately 0.45%,the surface strength of sandy soil could reach 306.2 kPa,and the depth of wind erosion was approximately zero,after 30 d completion of SICP treatment.Soil surface strength declined with the increase of time,and long-term sand fixation effects of SICP treatment varied depending on topography.Whereas wind erosion in the top area of the windward slope was remarkable,sandy soils on the bottom area of the windward slope still maintained a relatively high level of surface strength and a low degree of wind erosion 12 month after SICP treatment.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests with energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)confirmed the precipitation of CaCO3 and its bridge effect.These findings suggested that the SICP method is a promising candidate to protect sandy soil from wind erosion in desert areas.

Decomposition behavior of CaSO_4 during potassium extraction from a potash feldspar-CaSO_4 binary system by calcination

The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4on the potassium extraction process.The roasted slags were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric（TG）analysis.The XRD analysis revealed that hydrosoluble mischcrystal K2Ca2（SO4）3was obtained by ion exchange of Ca^2＋ in CaSO4 and K^＋ in KAlSi3O8.Meanwhile,the intermediate product,SiO2,separated from KAl Si3O8and reacted with CaSO4to decompose CaSO4.The SEM results showed that some blowholes emerged on the surface of the CaSO4particles when they reacted with SiO2at 1200℃,which indicates that SO2and O2gases were released from CaSO4.The TG curves displayed that pure CaSO4could not be decomposed below 1200℃,while the mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4began to lose weight at 1000℃.The extraction rate of potassium and decomposition rate of CaSO4were 62%and 44%,respectively,at a mass ratio of CaSO4to K-feldspar ore of 3：1,temperature of 1200℃,tablet-forming pressure of6 MPa,and roasting time of 2 h.The decomposition of CaSO4reduced the potassium extraction rate;therefore,the required amount of CaSO4was more than the theoretical amount.However,excess CaSO4was also undesirable for the potassium extraction reaction because a massive amount of SO2and O2gas were derived from the decomposition of CaSO4,which provided poor contact between the reactants.The SO2released from CaSO4decomposition can be effectively recycled.

Extraction of potassium from K-feldspar via the CaCl_2 calcination route

The extraction of potassium from K-feldspar via a calcium chloride calcination route was studied with a focus on the effects of the calcination atmosphere, calcination temperature and time, mass ratio of CaCl2 to K-feldspar ore and particle size of the K-feldspar ore. The results demonstrated that a competing high-temperature hydrolysis reaction of calcium chloride with moisture in a damp atmosphere occurred concurrently with the conversion reaction of K-feldspar with CaCl2, thus reducing the amount of potassium extracted. The conversion reaction started at approximately 600 °C and accelerated with increasing temperature. When the temperature rose above 900 °C, the extraction of potassium gradually decreased due to the volatilization of the product, KCl.As much as approximately 41% of the potassium was volatilized in 40 min at 1100 °C. The mass ratio of CaCl2/K-feldspar ore significantly affected the extraction. At a mass ratio of 1.15 and 900 °C, the potassium extraction reached 91% in 40 min, while the extraction was reduced to only 22% at the theoretical mass ratio of 0.2. Optimal process conditions are as follows: ore particle size of 50–75 μm, tablet forming pressure of 3 MPa, dry nitrogen atmosphere, mass ratio of CaCl2/ore 1.15:1, calcination temperature of 900 °C, and calcination time of 40 min.The XRD analysis revealed that a complex phase transition of the product SiO2 was also accompanied by the conversion reaction of K-feldspar/CaCl2. The SiO2 product formed at the initial stage was in the quartz phase at 900 °C and was gradually transformed into cristobalite after 30 min.

Comparison of Effective Components Contents of Lysimachia clethroides Duby with Three Extraction Methods

[ Objective] The differences in effective components contents of Lysimachia clethroides Duby were compared using three extraction methods. [ Method] L. clethroides was extracted by three methods, including water extraction, water extraction-alcohol precipitation and 75% ethanol extraction, to determine the effec- tive components of extracts, and contents of calcium, phosphorus and Vc were calculated. [ Result] L. clezhreides contained calcium salt, chlorine, VB1, VB2, Vc and phosphate, but did not contain citrate, sulfate, carbonate or bicarbonate, acetate, lactate, VA , VD and Vs ; the contents of calcium and phosphorus in water extract were 150 and 3.34 mg/g, respectively, greatly exceeding their contents in water extraction-alcohol precipitation and ethanol extraction, while the difference in Vc content was not significant. [ CondusionJ The paper provides a reference for practical application of L. clethroides as an additive.

Simple Modifications to Standard TRIzol®Protocol Allow High-Yield RNA Extraction from Cells on Resorbable Materials

Resorbable bioceramics are attractive for medical applications such as bone substitution. Biochemical analysis on cells cultured on these biomaterials is vital to predict the impact of the materials in vivo and RNA extraction is an essential step in gene expression study using RT-qPCR. In this study, we describe simple modifications to the TRIzol? RNA extraction protocol widely used in biology and these allow high-yield extraction of RNA from cells on resorbable calcium phosphates. Without the modifications, RNA is trapped in the co-precipitated calcium compounds, rendering TRIzol? extraction method infeasible. Among the modifications, the use of extra TRIzol? to dilute the lysate before the RNA precipitation step is critical for extraction of RNA from porous ?-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) discs. We also investigate the rationale behind the undesirable precipitation so as to provide clues about the modifications required for other resorbable materials with high application potential in bone tissue engineering.

复合膜对草莓3D打印产品保鲜效果的影响

为研究复合膜对草莓3D打印产品保鲜效果的影响,使用3种化合物(氯化钙、葡萄籽提取物和壳聚糖)作为保鲜剂,设置不同的添加量分别对草莓3D打印产品进行覆膜处理。结果显示,草莓3D打印产品在氯化钙浓度为0.5%、葡萄籽提取物浓度为0.5%、壳聚糖浓度为1.5%时保鲜效果最好。此条件下贮藏11 d,产品腐烂速率最慢,腐烂指数为17.5%;失水性最低,失重率为2.96%、硬度为1.89 N;总酚含量及抗氧化能力保留的最好,总酚含量为0.56 mg/g、DPPH自由基清除率为48.64%、ABTS+自由基清除率为39.06%。综上,说明复合膜对于延长草莓3D打印产品的货架期有积极作用。

从高钙富硼老卤中提硼研究

以青海某高钙富硼老卤为研究对象开展了提硼研究。结果表明,合适的萃取条件为:磺化煤油为稀释剂、异辛醇用量50%、萃取相比1.0、萃取混合时间15 min;合适的反萃条件为:反萃剂为pH=1的稀盐酸、反萃相比1.5、反萃混合时间15 min。以此条件在5级混合澄清槽中完成了连续逆流萃取—反萃运转试验,连续运转45 h,硼萃取率为95.49%,硼与钾、钠、钙、镁的分离效果较好;硼反萃率为99.59%,反萃液中硼含量达17.17 g/L。采用“溶剂萃取—反萃—高温蒸发—低温冷却结晶—重溶—冷却结晶—过滤洗涤—干燥”工艺高效分离提取硼,硼总回收率为92.33%,制备出的硼酸产品达国家标准(GB/T 538—2018)要求。

溶剂萃取法去除硫铵废水中钙镁的实验研究

为了去除硫酸铵废水中的钙、镁离子,保证后续水处理工艺的顺行,提高硫酸铵固体的质量,回收镁资源,实验用溶剂萃取法去除硫酸铵废水中的钙、镁离子。使用P 204和煤油作为萃取剂,调节硫酸铵废水pH值及P 204的皂化度,实现硫酸铵废水中钙、镁的分步去除。通过确定溶液pH值、相比等实验条件,为此方法的产业化应用提供数据支撑。

乙醇-水体系的间歇萃取精馏研究

使用加盐间歇萃取精馏的方法制取无水乙醇,探究在以丙三醇为萃取剂的情况下,回流比、无水氯化钙质量和原料乙醇质量分数对乙醇水溶液分离效果的影响。研究结果表明,加入无水氯化钙的质量较少时,会降低产品乙醇的质量分数。

一种海藻提取物与呲咯烷酮羧酸钙协同增效改善皮肤敏感

使用体外培养的角质细胞,通过检测辣椒素受体(TRPV1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的含量并测定细胞增殖活力来评价海藻提取物与吡咯烷酮羧酸钙(PCA钙)组合物的舒缓和改善皮肤屏障功能的协同增效作用。结果显示,海藻提取物与PCA钙的组合物相较单独组分能够显著抑制TRPV1和TNF-α的表达,且组合物对TRPV1的抑制率为82.25%,对TNF-α的抑制率为42.58%,具有显著的协同增效作用;组合物能够显著增强群体中健康细胞的比例。综上,海藻提取物与PCA钙的组合物在舒缓、改善皮肤屏障功能的效果上具有协同增效作用。

二步法消化煅烧白云石提取钙、镁过程研究

采用NH_(4)Cl溶液直接消化煅烧白云石粉,通过考察煅烧温度、NH_(4)Cl浓度、NH_(4)Cl用量、反应温度、搅拌强度和时间等因素,采取“先提取钙,再提取镁”的二步法实现钙、镁的分别提取。实验结果表明,白云石在950℃下煅烧90min,失重率达到最高;第一步提钙过程中,NH_(4)Cl与白云石氧化钙的摩尔比为2.3∶1,消化温度为100℃,NH_(4)Cl浓度为0.5M,时间为1.5h,搅拌强度为1000r·min^(-1),钙提取率达到99.8%以上,溶液中几乎没有Mg^(2+)存在;第二步提镁过程中,氨镁摩尔比大于2.07,温度为100℃,NH_(4)Cl浓度为0.5M,时间为1h,搅拌强度为1500r·min^(-1),镁提取率为50.96%。利用消化后的白云石溶液制备出CaCO_(3)和Mg(OH)_(2),并通过SEM、XRD对产品进行表征分析。

废雷尼镍催化剂回收中脱除钙镁工艺研究进展

介绍了在废雷尼镍催化剂回收过程中,去除钙镁的六种主要方法:化学沉淀法、精矿酸洗法、冷却结晶法、离子交换法、电解法和溶剂萃取法,分析了不同方法的研究现状,比较了脱除钙镁工艺之间的优劣和差异。

氟化钙对脱硫渣提铁和制备透辉石微晶玻璃的影响研究

作为一种铁水预处理方法,KR搅拌法可以通过机械搅拌实现脱硫。试验以KR脱硫渣为材料,采用NH4Cl对其进行浸出,得到铵浸脱硫渣,并通过碳热还原反应提取金属铁和制备微晶玻璃,以研究氟化钙对提铁和微晶玻璃制备的影响。结果表明,随着CaF_(2)添加量的增加,碳热还原所得铁块由整块向不完整的多块转变,还原渣由非晶相向透辉石、透辉石与钙长石的混合晶相转变,而微晶玻璃由透辉石主晶相逐步转向钙长石。结合主晶相和析晶生长指数,当CaF_(2)添加量为1%时,微晶玻璃性能最佳,此时析晶生长指数为2.75,接近体积析晶。

不同因子对长春花愈伤组织中药用成分积累的影响

目的 研究继代次数、继代龄(继代组织块的年龄)、生长素、金属离子等因子的改变对长春花愈伤组织生长及吲哚生物碱类药用成分积累的影响。方法 测定不同因子的影响下,长春花愈伤组织的鲜重,并对吲哚总碱进行提取、含量测定和比较。结果 随继代次数的增加,长春花愈伤组织中吲哚总碱含量有所下降;20 d继代龄最利于组织生长;2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的存在对吲哚总碱的积累有一定的抑制作用,但却有利于愈伤组织生长,两种生长素组合比单一的生长素更利于组织生长,也较利于吲哚总碱积累;钙离子浓度为220 mg·L-1,锌离子浓度为8.6哗·L-1时,对提高吲哚总碱产量最有效。结论 继代次数、继代龄、生长素、金属离子对长春花愈伤组织生长及吲哚生物碱类药用成分的积累有较大影响。

鲢鱼骨胶原多肽螯合钙的制备研究

文章探讨了以鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼骨为原料,采用风味蛋白酶酶解制备骨胶原多肽水解液,剩余骨渣经乳酸提取制备骨粉酸解液(钙液),研究其通过螯合制备鲢鱼骨胶原多肽螯合钙的工艺条件。分析了酶解时间对鲢鱼骨蛋白酶解产物产品品质和功能特性(溶解性和热稳定性)的影响以及采用乳酸提取鲢鱼骨中钙时提取温度对钙溶出率的影响,并以螯合率为指标,考察pH、时间、温度和多肽液与钙液体积比对螯合反应的影响。结果表明,在温度50℃,按原料鱼排质量0.09%加入风味蛋白酶酶解30 min制备出的鲢鱼骨胶原多肽具有良好的产品品质和功能特性;乳酸提钙时提取温度对钙溶出率没有显著性影响(P>0.05);在pH 8、温度25℃条件下,多肽液与钙液体积比1∶1反应40 min得到的鲢鱼骨胶原蛋白螯合钙螯合率最高(85.24%)。

球磨处理对鲢鱼骨粉理化特性的影响

以鲢鱼骨为原料,研究球磨处理对鱼骨粉的粒度分布、比表面积、钙提取率和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,粒度随着球磨处理时间延长呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势,球磨30h时鱼骨粉平均粒度(Dav)和中位径(D50)最小,分别为9.33μm和7.05μm,当球磨处理时间超过30h后继续延长球磨时间则因二次团聚而使粒度增大。而比表面积、钙提取率和可溶性蛋白含量则随球磨处理时间延长呈现上升后下降的变化趋势,球磨30h时鱼骨粉比表面积、钙提取率和可溶性蛋白含量最大,分别为94314m2/m3、13.96%和42.70mg/g,延长球磨处理时间其值则呈轻微下降趋势。

鳕鱼骨中可溶性钙提取工艺的优化

以鳕鱼骨为原料,用原子吸收分光光度法测定鳕鱼骨中可溶性钙的含量。采用酸法提取鳕鱼骨中的钙,应用响应面分析法对HCl的浓度、提取温度、反应时间及料液比进行优化。结果表明,鳕鱼骨中可溶性钙提取的最佳工艺条件为HCl浓度3mol/L、提取温度108℃、反应时间60min、料液比1:4(m:V)。该条件下鳕鱼骨中可溶性钙提取率可达22.36%。

溶剂萃取铁杂质精制乳酸钙的研究

针对乳酸钙中铁杂质含量较高,颜色偏黄的问题,选择8-羟基喹啉作萃取剂,利用溶剂萃取法除去乳酸钙中的铁杂质,并优化了萃取条件。结果表明,该方法能有效去除乳酸钙中的铁杂质,使其含量降到0.001%,远远低于药典的要求,且该萃取条件与乳酸钙的生产条件相近,利于工业应用。

壳聚糖复合涂膜对草莓保鲜的影响

迷迭香提取物、CaCl2、亚硫酸钠分别与壳聚糖复配涂膜研究草莓的贮藏保鲜技术,通过测定贮藏过程中草莓果实的营养成分、感官品质等指标,探究草莓在低温冷藏条件下的成熟衰老过程和不同保鲜剂处理对草莓贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖复配迷迭香提取物和壳聚糖复合CaCl2涂膜保鲜液均可显著地(P<0.05)减缓草莓的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc、还原糖含量的下降,抑制草莓细胞膜渗透率变化和果实的腐烂软化,保持草莓的硬度等贮藏品质。亚硫酸钠-壳聚糖处理可维持草莓的还原糖含量,延缓可滴定酸和Vc含量的下降。其中,1.5%壳聚糖+0.3%迷迭香提取物溶液浸渍涂膜5 min保鲜草莓效果最好,1.5%壳聚糖+2.0%CaCl2溶液浸渍涂膜5 min次之。