Water oxidation, as a mandatory reaction of solar fuels conversion systems, requires the use of light absorbers with electronic properties that are well matched with those of the multi-electron catalyst in order to ac...Water oxidation, as a mandatory reaction of solar fuels conversion systems, requires the use of light absorbers with electronic properties that are well matched with those of the multi-electron catalyst in order to achieve high efficiency. Molecular light absorbers offer flexibility in fine tuning of orbital energetics,and metal oxide nanoparticles have emerged as robust oxygen evolving catalysts. Hence, these material choices offer a promising approach for the development of photocatalytic systems for water oxidation.However, efficient charge transfer coupling of molecular light absorbers and metal oxide nanoparticle catalysts has proven a challenge. Recent new approaches toward the efficient coupling of these components based on synthetic design improvements combined with direct spectroscopic observation and kinetic evaluation of charge transfer processes are discussed.展开更多
In recent years, the effective conversion of organic wastes into valuable products has been a focus and difficulty in sustainable energy and environmental management. Organic wastes come from a wide range of sources, ...In recent years, the effective conversion of organic wastes into valuable products has been a focus and difficulty in sustainable energy and environmental management. Organic wastes come from a wide range of sources, and industrial and agricultural sources are the main sources of organic waste in China, which can be controlled by microwave pyrolysis technology. In microwave pyrolysis treatment, catalysts have been the key material, microwave absorber, and catalyst of the research hotspot in recent years. This paper summarises the typical influencing parameters of microwave pyrolysis (including microwave power, pyrolysis temperature and microwave absorber), and also summarises the various catalysts applied in microwave pyrolysis, and looks forward to the potential application prospect of pyrolysis products, and the future development direction.展开更多
Nanometer sized neodymium oxide has been synthesized by humid solid state reaction at room temperature, and characterized by scanning electron microscope, laser light scattering and X ray diffraction. The effects of n...Nanometer sized neodymium oxide has been synthesized by humid solid state reaction at room temperature, and characterized by scanning electron microscope, laser light scattering and X ray diffraction. The effects of nanometer sized neodymium oxide on catalyzing thermal decomposition reaction of hexogen (cyclotrimethylenetriamine, RDX) and absorbent powder (nitrocellulose absorbed nitroglycerin, NC/NG) have been investigated by DSC method. The mechanism of these catalytic reactions has also been proposed. The experimental results show that nanometer sized neodymium oxide can catalyze the decomposition reaction of RDX and NC/NG effectively. The experimental results further suggest that nanometer sized neodymium oxide is a potentially useful combustion catalyst of nitroamine propellant.展开更多
在一个2段式生物质热解气化装置上考察了钙基催化吸收剂对玉米秸秆制氢特性的影响,结果表明：CaO添加可原位吸收气化过程中生成的CO_2,强化制氢过程向生成更多H_2的方向移动。当热解气化温度为650℃、S/B为2、CaO/C摩尔比为1时,产气中H_...在一个2段式生物质热解气化装置上考察了钙基催化吸收剂对玉米秸秆制氢特性的影响,结果表明：CaO添加可原位吸收气化过程中生成的CO_2,强化制氢过程向生成更多H_2的方向移动。当热解气化温度为650℃、S/B为2、CaO/C摩尔比为1时,产气中H_2体积分数从28.7%上升至56.2%,H_2产率则从64.3 m L/g上升至195.8 m L/g,而CO_2体积分数由21.5%下降至1.1%。而且,CaO的CO_2吸收强化性能与气化温度密切相关,在600~700℃范围内,玉米秸秆热解气化可获得很高的H2体积分数和较高的H2产率。以CaO吸收剂为载体进一步引入Ni O活性组分,可降低产气中小分子碳氢气体,提高产气中的H2体积分数和产率。在NiO负载量为10%时,产气中H2体积分数可达63.7%,而H_2产率对比添加CaO时则接近翻倍,达到了341.3 m L/g。展开更多
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,Division of Chemical,Geological and Biosciences of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231
文摘Water oxidation, as a mandatory reaction of solar fuels conversion systems, requires the use of light absorbers with electronic properties that are well matched with those of the multi-electron catalyst in order to achieve high efficiency. Molecular light absorbers offer flexibility in fine tuning of orbital energetics,and metal oxide nanoparticles have emerged as robust oxygen evolving catalysts. Hence, these material choices offer a promising approach for the development of photocatalytic systems for water oxidation.However, efficient charge transfer coupling of molecular light absorbers and metal oxide nanoparticle catalysts has proven a challenge. Recent new approaches toward the efficient coupling of these components based on synthetic design improvements combined with direct spectroscopic observation and kinetic evaluation of charge transfer processes are discussed.
文摘In recent years, the effective conversion of organic wastes into valuable products has been a focus and difficulty in sustainable energy and environmental management. Organic wastes come from a wide range of sources, and industrial and agricultural sources are the main sources of organic waste in China, which can be controlled by microwave pyrolysis technology. In microwave pyrolysis treatment, catalysts have been the key material, microwave absorber, and catalyst of the research hotspot in recent years. This paper summarises the typical influencing parameters of microwave pyrolysis (including microwave power, pyrolysis temperature and microwave absorber), and also summarises the various catalysts applied in microwave pyrolysis, and looks forward to the potential application prospect of pyrolysis products, and the future development direction.
文摘Nanometer sized neodymium oxide has been synthesized by humid solid state reaction at room temperature, and characterized by scanning electron microscope, laser light scattering and X ray diffraction. The effects of nanometer sized neodymium oxide on catalyzing thermal decomposition reaction of hexogen (cyclotrimethylenetriamine, RDX) and absorbent powder (nitrocellulose absorbed nitroglycerin, NC/NG) have been investigated by DSC method. The mechanism of these catalytic reactions has also been proposed. The experimental results show that nanometer sized neodymium oxide can catalyze the decomposition reaction of RDX and NC/NG effectively. The experimental results further suggest that nanometer sized neodymium oxide is a potentially useful combustion catalyst of nitroamine propellant.
文摘在一个2段式生物质热解气化装置上考察了钙基催化吸收剂对玉米秸秆制氢特性的影响,结果表明：CaO添加可原位吸收气化过程中生成的CO_2,强化制氢过程向生成更多H_2的方向移动。当热解气化温度为650℃、S/B为2、CaO/C摩尔比为1时,产气中H_2体积分数从28.7%上升至56.2%,H_2产率则从64.3 m L/g上升至195.8 m L/g,而CO_2体积分数由21.5%下降至1.1%。而且,CaO的CO_2吸收强化性能与气化温度密切相关,在600~700℃范围内,玉米秸秆热解气化可获得很高的H2体积分数和较高的H2产率。以CaO吸收剂为载体进一步引入Ni O活性组分,可降低产气中小分子碳氢气体,提高产气中的H2体积分数和产率。在NiO负载量为10%时,产气中H2体积分数可达63.7%,而H_2产率对比添加CaO时则接近翻倍,达到了341.3 m L/g。
