From the viewpoint of systems energy conservation, the influences of material flow on its energy consumption in a steel manufacturing process is an important subject. The quantitative analysis of the relationship betw...From the viewpoint of systems energy conservation, the influences of material flow on its energy consumption in a steel manufacturing process is an important subject. The quantitative analysis of the relationship between material flow and the energy intensity is useful to save energy in steel industry. Based on the concept of standard material flow diagram, all possible situations of ferric material flow in steel manufacturing process are analyzed. The expressions of the influence of material flow deviated from standard material flow diagram on energy consumption are put forward.展开更多
This paper provides a calculating method which can be used in calculation of the kill probability attack area for every AAM. At first, attack area of AAM and kill probability of every characteristic point are obtained...This paper provides a calculating method which can be used in calculation of the kill probability attack area for every AAM. At first, attack area of AAM and kill probability of every characteristic point are obtained by combining trajectory calculation with kill probability calculation. Then, coordinates of a fire point relative to standard kill probability value in terms of standardization method are found. At last, equivalent kill probability curve equations are formulated by means of curve fitting method.展开更多
The selection or establishment of structural calculating model is a matter of primary importance in structural analysis. By analysing the irrationality of the calculating models used by some research organizations at ...The selection or establishment of structural calculating model is a matter of primary importance in structural analysis. By analysing the irrationality of the calculating models used by some research organizations at home and abroad in structural analyses for truss jack-up rig legs, this paper introduces a new calculation model which is more reasonable. This model can simulate better the load situation of a rig reflecting more precisely the effects of the leg loads caused by the spring support of gearboxes of the jacking system and the secondary bending moment raised by hull displacement under extreme conditions. The rig conversion was completed in 1989. In July 1991 the rig safely stood the frontal hitting of Typhoon with the wind speed of 52 m / s, which shows that the checking on the structure is correct.展开更多
In order to improve the infrared detection and discrimination ability of the smart munition to the dynamic armor target under the complex background,the multi-line array infrared detection system is established based ...In order to improve the infrared detection and discrimination ability of the smart munition to the dynamic armor target under the complex background,the multi-line array infrared detection system is established based on the combination of the single unit infrared detector.The surface dimension features of ground armored targets are identified by size calculating solution algorithm.The signal response value and the value of size calculating are identified by the method of fuzzy recognition to make the fuzzy classification judgment for armored target.According to the characteristics of the target signal,a custom threshold de-noising function is proposed to solve the problem of signal preprocessing.The multi-line array infrared detection can complete the scanning detection in a large area in a short time with the characteristics of smart munition in the steady-state scanning stage.The method solves the disadvantages of wide scanning interval and low detection probability of single unit infrared detection.By reducing the scanning interval,the number of random rendezvous in the infrared feature area of the upper surface is increased,the accuracy of the size calculating is guaranteed.The experiments results show that in the fuzzy recognition method,the size calculating is introduced as the feature operator,which can improve the recognition ability of the ground armor target with different shape size.展开更多
Through the analysis of the sliding failure form of soil mass under the bearing push-extend reamed of Push-extend Multi-under-reamed Pile, in the paper, the law of coulomb-Mohr is used to establish a stress function a...Through the analysis of the sliding failure form of soil mass under the bearing push-extend reamed of Push-extend Multi-under-reamed Pile, in the paper, the law of coulomb-Mohr is used to establish a stress function and the theory of the sliding line is used to establish Prandtl regional stress field, which determines the stress calculating mode of soil mass and provides a theoretical basis for a further study of this type of pile ultimate bearing capacity of soil mass.展开更多
In order to develop a general calculating rotor’s torsional stiffness based on stiffness influence coefficient for different rotor assembling, the calculation method of the torsional stiffness influence coefficient o...In order to develop a general calculating rotor’s torsional stiffness based on stiffness influence coefficient for different rotor assembling, the calculation method of the torsional stiffness influence coefficient of equal thickness disc is researched in this paper at first. Then the torsional stiffness influence coefficient λ of equal thickness disc is fit to a binary curved face and a calculation equation is obtained based on a large quantity of calculating data, which lays the foundation for research on a general calculating method of rotor torsional stiffness. Thirdly a simplified calculation method for equivalent stiffness diameter of stepped equal thickness disc and cone disc in the steam turbine generators is suggested. Finally a general calculating program for calculating rotor’s torsional vibration features is developed, and the torsional vibration features of a verity of steam turbine rotors are calculated for verification. The calculating results show that stiffness influence coefficient λ of equal-thickness disc depends on parameters of B and H, as well as the stiffness influence coefficient λ;and discs with complex structure can be simplified to equal-thickness discs with little error by using the method suggested in this paper;error can be controlled within 1% when equivalent diameter of stiffness is calculated by this method.展开更多
Based on miniaturized components' characteristics, the method of assembling miniaturized gear and shaft together with corresponding calculating model of the interference amount are proposed. On the basis of main effe...Based on miniaturized components' characteristics, the method of assembling miniaturized gear and shaft together with corresponding calculating model of the interference amount are proposed. On the basis of main effecting factors analysis on the gear and shaft assembling interference amount, calculating formula including all factors effective on the interference amount necessary for reliable system running was built up. The methods of reverse calculating theoretical model was used to build up the equivalent simulation model of the theoretical one, together with simulation verification and case study for calculating formula. The results show that the cold assembling method is applicable for miniaturized gear and shaft, but in the assembling process, the interference amount compensating the shape error of contacting surfaces takes a large proportion, which is the main cause of stress variance on contacting surfaces.展开更多
Some improved methods of the traditional genetic algorithms were proposed and their application in calculating circle radius was discussed. Simulation shows that real number encoding, simulated annealing and saving th...Some improved methods of the traditional genetic algorithms were proposed and their application in calculating circle radius was discussed. Simulation shows that real number encoding, simulated annealing and saving the best individual into the next generation can effectively improve the accuracy and speed up the searching for global optimization. It is also shown that improved genetic algorithms can effectively calculate the circle radius and be realized easily using computer.展开更多
A renormalization group method for calculating the localization length of coupled disordered chains is presented.By using this method,we can determine the localization length of coupled chains accurately.
A fully hardware-implemented phase calculating system for the feedback control in the lower-hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments is presented in this paper. By taking advantages of field programmable gate array ...A fully hardware-implemented phase calculating system for the feedback control in the lower-hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments is presented in this paper. By taking advantages of field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips with embedded digital signal processing (DSP) cores and the Matlab-aided design method, the phase calculating algorithm with a square root operation and parallel process are efficiently implemented in a single FPGA chip to complete the calculation of phase differences fast and accurately in the lower-hybrid wave (LHW) system on EAST.展开更多
Previous results show that the floating reference theory(FRT)is an effective tool to reduce the infuence of interference factors on noninvasive blood glucose sensing by near infrared spectros-copy(NIRS).It is the key ...Previous results show that the floating reference theory(FRT)is an effective tool to reduce the infuence of interference factors on noninvasive blood glucose sensing by near infrared spectros-copy(NIRS).It is the key to measure the floating reference point(FRP)precisely for the application of FRT.Monte Carlo(MC)simulation has been introduced to quantitatively in-vestigate the effects of positioning errors and light source drifts on measuring FRP.In this article,thinning and calculating method(TCM)is proposed to quantify the positioning error.Mean-while,the normalization process(NP)is developed to significantly reduce the error induced by light source drift.The results according to TCM show that 7 purm deviations in positioning can generate about 10.63%relative error in FRP.It is more noticeable that 1%fluctuation in light source intensity may lead to 12.21%relative errors.Gratifyingly,the proposed NP model can effectively reduce the error caused by light source drift.Therefore,the measurement system for FRPs must meet that the positioning error is less than 7 purm,and the light source drift is kept within 1%.Furthermore,an improvement for measurement system is proposed in order to take advantage of the NP model.展开更多
The iterative formulas of inbreeding and relationship coefficients were put forward by using numerator elationship. It is suitable for any none - generation - overlap pedigree. The inbreeding and relationship coeffi- ...The iterative formulas of inbreeding and relationship coefficients were put forward by using numerator elationship. It is suitable for any none - generation - overlap pedigree. The inbreeding and relationship coeffi- ient of offsprings can be calculated by those of parents. The deducing process of numerator relationship is simple and clear comparing with path analysis. An example shows the usage of these formulas.展开更多
According to Hertz theory, the difference of contact stress for non-circular gears and equivalent gears is compared in the paper, a calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears by using equivalent gears...According to Hertz theory, the difference of contact stress for non-circular gears and equivalent gears is compared in the paper, a calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears by using equivalent gears is researched, and computing formulas of power and rotation speed for equivalent gears are deduced. A numerical simulation of contact stress for non-circular gears has also been conducted based on the finite element method. By the comparison of fitting curves, the feasibility of using equivalent gears instead of non-circular gears to calculate the contact stress is testified.展开更多
By using the hypothesis of the deformation of the straight bar and beam in mechanics of materials,a new engineering calculating model for a linear inclusion in plane is presented.Through the Kelvin's solution of a...By using the hypothesis of the deformation of the straight bar and beam in mechanics of materials,a new engineering calculating model for a linear inclusion in plane is presented.Through the Kelvin's solution of a concentrated force,the inclusion problem is reduced to solving a set of uncoupled singular integral equations which can be solved by the numerical method of singular integral equation.Based on these results,several applicable examples including an inclusion-crack problem are calculated and the results are quite satisfactory.展开更多
An analytical model of a ring with six yield hinges and two deformable arc segments is presented for. the prediction of the buckle propagation pressure and initiation pressure in offshore pipelines. The configuration ...An analytical model of a ring with six yield hinges and two deformable arc segments is presented for. the prediction of the buckle propagation pressure and initiation pressure in offshore pipelines. The configuration of a fully collapsed ring is considered as a real dumbbell shape with a line touch between two 'bells', instead of the dumbbell shape with a point touch of two diametrically opposite points. Calculations are performed assuming that the dominant effect on the plastic energy dissipation has the circumferential bending mode. For the linear strain-hardening materials it is found that theoretical predictions based on the above model for both propagation pressure and initiation nressure are in good agreement with experimental results of Kyriakides et al.展开更多
Because of my carelessness,Eq.(1)in the paper "An approximate method for calculating the fluid force and response of a circular cylinder at lock-in"(China Ocean Engineering,22(3),2008,pp.373)should be f...Because of my carelessness,Eq.(1)in the paper "An approximate method for calculating the fluid force and response of a circular cylinder at lock-in"(China Ocean Engineering,22(3),2008,pp.373)should be f’-1.0/U’-5.0=f’;-1.0/5.75f’;-5.0,not f’=U’/5.75. My apology is hereby given.展开更多
A unified analysis is presented to calculate the incoherent spontaneous power of cooperative radiations based on self-amplified spontaneous emission. Using quantum mechanical tools, we derive analytical expressions fo...A unified analysis is presented to calculate the incoherent spontaneous power of cooperative radiations based on self-amplified spontaneous emission. Using quantum mechanical tools, we derive analytical expressions for the incoherent spontaneous power of undulator and Cherenkov free-electron lasers (FELs). The undulator and Cherenkov FELs are considered as two different examples for the radiation that accumulate cooperatively. In the case of the undulator FEL, we show an excellent agreement between an expression for the incoherent radiation power derived in the present work and that obtained using a completely different approach [Phys. Ftev. E 65 (2002) 026501]. For the Cherenkov radiation, we demonstrate a satisfactory agreement between the incoherent power predicted in our analysis and previous experimental results.展开更多
A method of calculating the safety profile on the HT-7 tokamak has been described in this paper. It is derived from Maxwell's equations, among which we-mainly use .two of them: one is the magnetic field diffusion ...A method of calculating the safety profile on the HT-7 tokamak has been described in this paper. It is derived from Maxwell's equations, among which we-mainly use .two of them: one is the magnetic field diffusion equation, and the other is Ampere's Law. This method can be also used to evaluate the safety factor on other devices with a circular cross sections. It is helpful to the study of the plasma MHD behavior on the HT-7 tokamak.展开更多
In the present paper the analytical formulas for calculating the equivalent deterministictransients for multivariable cross correlated random processes are developed.The formulaspermit the determination of the Root-me...In the present paper the analytical formulas for calculating the equivalent deterministictransients for multivariable cross correlated random processes are developed.The formulaspermit the determination of the Root-mean-square of the responses of a lineartime-invariant system to stationary multiple random inputs in the time domain.The methodis applicable in the study of flight of airplanes in atmospheric turbulence and is also usefulfor general engineering applications of stochastc processes control.展开更多
Edit distance measures the similarity between two strings (as the minimum number of change, insert or delete operations that transform one string to the other). An edit sequence s is a sequence of such operations and ...Edit distance measures the similarity between two strings (as the minimum number of change, insert or delete operations that transform one string to the other). An edit sequence s is a sequence of such operations and can be used to represent the string resulting from applying s to a reference string. We present a modification to Ukkonen’s edit distance calculating algorithm based upon representing strings by edit sequences. We conclude with a demonstration of how using this representation can improve mitochondrial DNA query throughput performance in a distributed computing environment.展开更多
基金Item Sponsored by National Basic Research Programof China (200002600)
文摘From the viewpoint of systems energy conservation, the influences of material flow on its energy consumption in a steel manufacturing process is an important subject. The quantitative analysis of the relationship between material flow and the energy intensity is useful to save energy in steel industry. Based on the concept of standard material flow diagram, all possible situations of ferric material flow in steel manufacturing process are analyzed. The expressions of the influence of material flow deviated from standard material flow diagram on energy consumption are put forward.
文摘This paper provides a calculating method which can be used in calculation of the kill probability attack area for every AAM. At first, attack area of AAM and kill probability of every characteristic point are obtained by combining trajectory calculation with kill probability calculation. Then, coordinates of a fire point relative to standard kill probability value in terms of standardization method are found. At last, equivalent kill probability curve equations are formulated by means of curve fitting method.
文摘The selection or establishment of structural calculating model is a matter of primary importance in structural analysis. By analysing the irrationality of the calculating models used by some research organizations at home and abroad in structural analyses for truss jack-up rig legs, this paper introduces a new calculation model which is more reasonable. This model can simulate better the load situation of a rig reflecting more precisely the effects of the leg loads caused by the spring support of gearboxes of the jacking system and the secondary bending moment raised by hull displacement under extreme conditions. The rig conversion was completed in 1989. In July 1991 the rig safely stood the frontal hitting of Typhoon with the wind speed of 52 m / s, which shows that the checking on the structure is correct.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11804263)the Program for Innovative Science and Research Team of Xi’an Technological University.
文摘In order to improve the infrared detection and discrimination ability of the smart munition to the dynamic armor target under the complex background,the multi-line array infrared detection system is established based on the combination of the single unit infrared detector.The surface dimension features of ground armored targets are identified by size calculating solution algorithm.The signal response value and the value of size calculating are identified by the method of fuzzy recognition to make the fuzzy classification judgment for armored target.According to the characteristics of the target signal,a custom threshold de-noising function is proposed to solve the problem of signal preprocessing.The multi-line array infrared detection can complete the scanning detection in a large area in a short time with the characteristics of smart munition in the steady-state scanning stage.The method solves the disadvantages of wide scanning interval and low detection probability of single unit infrared detection.By reducing the scanning interval,the number of random rendezvous in the infrared feature area of the upper surface is increased,the accuracy of the size calculating is guaranteed.The experiments results show that in the fuzzy recognition method,the size calculating is introduced as the feature operator,which can improve the recognition ability of the ground armor target with different shape size.
文摘Through the analysis of the sliding failure form of soil mass under the bearing push-extend reamed of Push-extend Multi-under-reamed Pile, in the paper, the law of coulomb-Mohr is used to establish a stress function and the theory of the sliding line is used to establish Prandtl regional stress field, which determines the stress calculating mode of soil mass and provides a theoretical basis for a further study of this type of pile ultimate bearing capacity of soil mass.
文摘In order to develop a general calculating rotor’s torsional stiffness based on stiffness influence coefficient for different rotor assembling, the calculation method of the torsional stiffness influence coefficient of equal thickness disc is researched in this paper at first. Then the torsional stiffness influence coefficient λ of equal thickness disc is fit to a binary curved face and a calculation equation is obtained based on a large quantity of calculating data, which lays the foundation for research on a general calculating method of rotor torsional stiffness. Thirdly a simplified calculation method for equivalent stiffness diameter of stepped equal thickness disc and cone disc in the steam turbine generators is suggested. Finally a general calculating program for calculating rotor’s torsional vibration features is developed, and the torsional vibration features of a verity of steam turbine rotors are calculated for verification. The calculating results show that stiffness influence coefficient λ of equal-thickness disc depends on parameters of B and H, as well as the stiffness influence coefficient λ;and discs with complex structure can be simplified to equal-thickness discs with little error by using the method suggested in this paper;error can be controlled within 1% when equivalent diameter of stiffness is calculated by this method.
基金Sponsored bythe Ministerial Level Advanced Research Foundation (K130306068)
文摘Based on miniaturized components' characteristics, the method of assembling miniaturized gear and shaft together with corresponding calculating model of the interference amount are proposed. On the basis of main effecting factors analysis on the gear and shaft assembling interference amount, calculating formula including all factors effective on the interference amount necessary for reliable system running was built up. The methods of reverse calculating theoretical model was used to build up the equivalent simulation model of the theoretical one, together with simulation verification and case study for calculating formula. The results show that the cold assembling method is applicable for miniaturized gear and shaft, but in the assembling process, the interference amount compensating the shape error of contacting surfaces takes a large proportion, which is the main cause of stress variance on contacting surfaces.
文摘Some improved methods of the traditional genetic algorithms were proposed and their application in calculating circle radius was discussed. Simulation shows that real number encoding, simulated annealing and saving the best individual into the next generation can effectively improve the accuracy and speed up the searching for global optimization. It is also shown that improved genetic algorithms can effectively calculate the circle radius and be realized easily using computer.
文摘A renormalization group method for calculating the localization length of coupled disordered chains is presented.By using this method,we can determine the localization length of coupled chains accurately.
文摘A fully hardware-implemented phase calculating system for the feedback control in the lower-hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments is presented in this paper. By taking advantages of field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips with embedded digital signal processing (DSP) cores and the Matlab-aided design method, the phase calculating algorithm with a square root operation and parallel process are efficiently implemented in a single FPGA chip to complete the calculation of phase differences fast and accurately in the lower-hybrid wave (LHW) system on EAST.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program:2012AA022602)the 111 Project(B07014)and Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.16JCZDJC31200).
文摘Previous results show that the floating reference theory(FRT)is an effective tool to reduce the infuence of interference factors on noninvasive blood glucose sensing by near infrared spectros-copy(NIRS).It is the key to measure the floating reference point(FRP)precisely for the application of FRT.Monte Carlo(MC)simulation has been introduced to quantitatively in-vestigate the effects of positioning errors and light source drifts on measuring FRP.In this article,thinning and calculating method(TCM)is proposed to quantify the positioning error.Mean-while,the normalization process(NP)is developed to significantly reduce the error induced by light source drift.The results according to TCM show that 7 purm deviations in positioning can generate about 10.63%relative error in FRP.It is more noticeable that 1%fluctuation in light source intensity may lead to 12.21%relative errors.Gratifyingly,the proposed NP model can effectively reduce the error caused by light source drift.Therefore,the measurement system for FRPs must meet that the positioning error is less than 7 purm,and the light source drift is kept within 1%.Furthermore,an improvement for measurement system is proposed in order to take advantage of the NP model.
文摘The iterative formulas of inbreeding and relationship coefficients were put forward by using numerator elationship. It is suitable for any none - generation - overlap pedigree. The inbreeding and relationship coeffi- ient of offsprings can be calculated by those of parents. The deducing process of numerator relationship is simple and clear comparing with path analysis. An example shows the usage of these formulas.
文摘According to Hertz theory, the difference of contact stress for non-circular gears and equivalent gears is compared in the paper, a calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears by using equivalent gears is researched, and computing formulas of power and rotation speed for equivalent gears are deduced. A numerical simulation of contact stress for non-circular gears has also been conducted based on the finite element method. By the comparison of fitting curves, the feasibility of using equivalent gears instead of non-circular gears to calculate the contact stress is testified.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘By using the hypothesis of the deformation of the straight bar and beam in mechanics of materials,a new engineering calculating model for a linear inclusion in plane is presented.Through the Kelvin's solution of a concentrated force,the inclusion problem is reduced to solving a set of uncoupled singular integral equations which can be solved by the numerical method of singular integral equation.Based on these results,several applicable examples including an inclusion-crack problem are calculated and the results are quite satisfactory.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation
文摘An analytical model of a ring with six yield hinges and two deformable arc segments is presented for. the prediction of the buckle propagation pressure and initiation pressure in offshore pipelines. The configuration of a fully collapsed ring is considered as a real dumbbell shape with a line touch between two 'bells', instead of the dumbbell shape with a point touch of two diametrically opposite points. Calculations are performed assuming that the dominant effect on the plastic energy dissipation has the circumferential bending mode. For the linear strain-hardening materials it is found that theoretical predictions based on the above model for both propagation pressure and initiation nressure are in good agreement with experimental results of Kyriakides et al.
文摘Because of my carelessness,Eq.(1)in the paper "An approximate method for calculating the fluid force and response of a circular cylinder at lock-in"(China Ocean Engineering,22(3),2008,pp.373)should be f’-1.0/U’-5.0=f’;-1.0/5.75f’;-5.0,not f’=U’/5.75. My apology is hereby given.
基金Supported by the ASRT-INFN Joint Project between the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology in Egypt and INFN in Italy
文摘A unified analysis is presented to calculate the incoherent spontaneous power of cooperative radiations based on self-amplified spontaneous emission. Using quantum mechanical tools, we derive analytical expressions for the incoherent spontaneous power of undulator and Cherenkov free-electron lasers (FELs). The undulator and Cherenkov FELs are considered as two different examples for the radiation that accumulate cooperatively. In the case of the undulator FEL, we show an excellent agreement between an expression for the incoherent radiation power derived in the present work and that obtained using a completely different approach [Phys. Ftev. E 65 (2002) 026501]. For the Cherenkov radiation, we demonstrate a satisfactory agreement between the incoherent power predicted in our analysis and previous experimental results.
文摘A method of calculating the safety profile on the HT-7 tokamak has been described in this paper. It is derived from Maxwell's equations, among which we-mainly use .two of them: one is the magnetic field diffusion equation, and the other is Ampere's Law. This method can be also used to evaluate the safety factor on other devices with a circular cross sections. It is helpful to the study of the plasma MHD behavior on the HT-7 tokamak.
文摘In the present paper the analytical formulas for calculating the equivalent deterministictransients for multivariable cross correlated random processes are developed.The formulaspermit the determination of the Root-mean-square of the responses of a lineartime-invariant system to stationary multiple random inputs in the time domain.The methodis applicable in the study of flight of airplanes in atmospheric turbulence and is also usefulfor general engineering applications of stochastc processes control.
文摘Edit distance measures the similarity between two strings (as the minimum number of change, insert or delete operations that transform one string to the other). An edit sequence s is a sequence of such operations and can be used to represent the string resulting from applying s to a reference string. We present a modification to Ukkonen’s edit distance calculating algorithm based upon representing strings by edit sequences. We conclude with a demonstration of how using this representation can improve mitochondrial DNA query throughput performance in a distributed computing environment.