Thermodynamic optimization of the DyCl_3-KCl and DyCl_3-CaCl_2 systems

From the measured phase diagram data and experimental thermochemical properties, the DyCl3-KCl and DyCl3-CaCl2 phase diagrams were optimized and calculated by the CALPHAD technique. The Gibbs energies of liquid phase in the two systems has been optimized and calculated by new modified quasi-chemical model in the pair-approximation for short-range ordering, and a series of thermodynamic functions has also been optimized based on an interactive computer-assisted analysis. The results showed that the calculated phase diagrams and thermodynamic data were serf-consistent.

THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION AND CALCULATION OF THE Fe-Pr SYSTEM

Based on the phase diagram of the Fe-Pr system available,the thermodynamic optimization and calcula- tion of the system have been carried out by the least square method.The lattice stabilities of Fe and Pr are described by the expression recommended by SGTE organization.The liquid phase is described by the subregular solution model.The intermetallic compounds,Fe_(17)Pr_2 and Fe_2Pr,are treated as stoichiometric compounds.The optimized parameters describing phases in the system are presented.The comparision be- tween the calculated and experimentally determined phase diagram shows that the agreement is generally very good except for the liquid+δ-Fe equilibrium.It is suggested to measure this part of phase diagram again.

Asymptotic Analysis Soot Model and Experiment for a Directed Injection Engine

The existing soot models are either too complex and can not be applied to the internal combustion engine, or too simple to make calculation errors. Exploring the soot model becomes the pursuit of the goal of many researchers within the error range in the current computer speed. On the basis of the latest experimental results, TP （temperature phases） model is presented as a new soot model to carry out optimization calculation for a high-pressure common rail diesel engine. Temperature and excess air factor are the most important two parameters in this model. When zone temperature T〈 1 500 K and excess air factor Ф〉0.6, only the soot precursors-- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAH） is created and there is no soot emission. When zone temperature T ≥ 1 500 K and excess air factor Ф〈0.6, PAHs and soot source terms （particle inception, surface growth, oxidation, coagulation） are calculated. The TP model is then implemented in KIVA code instead of original model to carry out optimizing. KIVA standard model and experimental data are analyzed for the results of cylinder pressures, the corresponding heat release rates, and soot with variation of injection time, variation of rail pressure and variation of speed among TP models. The experimental results indicate that the TP model can carry out optimization and computational fluid dynamics can be a tool to calculate for a high-pressure common rail directed injection diesel engine. The TP model result is closer than the use of the original KIVA-3V results of soot model accuracy by about 50% and TP model gives a new method for engine researchers.

A QUASI-NEWTON ALGORITHM WITHOUT CALCULATING DERIVATIVES FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

A new algorithm for unconstrained optimization is developed, by using the product form of the OCSSR1 update. The implementation is especially useful when gradient information is estimated by difference formulae. Preliminary tests show that new algorithm can perform well.

Evaluation of optimal UPFC allocation for improving transmission capacity

A unified power flow controller(UPFC)combines the advantages of various flexible alternating current transmission system(FACTS)devices into a powerful format.Using a 500 kV power grid,this study evaluates the selection and use of a UPFC to improve transmission capacity.The"UPFC unit capacity control proportionality coefficient"is introduced to quantify the control effect of the UPFC,and an optimal calculation method for the UPFC capacity is presented.Following the proposal of a UPFC site selection process,the data of an existing power grid is used to conduct simulations.The simulation results show that the UPFC has a strong ability to improve transmission capacity,and its use is greatly advantageous.Additionally,by applying the proposed selection method,the control effect and economic benefits of the UPFC can be comprehensively considered during project site selection.These findings have a guiding significance for UPFC site selection in ultra-high voltage power grids.

Optimization of closing law of turbine guide vanes based on improved artificial ecosystem algorithm

Optimization of the closing law of the guide vane is the most economical and efficient way to reduce the risk incurred by pressure and speed excursions,thus guaranteeing the security of the hydro-turbine and the whole hydraulic network.In order to optimize the closing law of the guide vane of hydraulic turbine,an improved artificial ecosystem optimization algorithm was proposed(IAEO).The reverse learning was used to initialize the population,multi-strategy bound handing schemes was used to improve the algorithm convergence speed.Twenty-three mathematical benchmark functions were used to test the IAEO.Results showed an improvement in the IAEO algorithm convergence speed and a stronger exploration than other algorithms.IAEO algorithm was used to optimize the closing law of the guide vane of hydraulic turbine based on the hydraulic transient calculation.The results showed that the maximum pressure in the spiral casing inlet,the minimum pressure in the draft tube inlet and the maximum speed all meet the design requirements by use of the closing law of the guide vane optimized by IAEO.Compared with other algorithms such as particle swarm optimization(PSO),artificial ecosystem-based optimization(AEO)and grey wolf optimizer(GWO),the closing law of the guide vane optimized by IAEO algorithm was proved to be of great advantages in distribution of safety margin of each optimization goal.

The Spatial Optimization of Eastern China's Crude Oil Pipeline Network upon Cost Minimum

Eastern China＇s crude oil pipeline network is of the largest scale and freight volume in China.Here,we analyze 37 oil pipelines and one railway（38 oil flow channels）,20 oil fields with output of over a million tons of crude oil,and 32 refineries each of which refine over a million tons of crude oil.We construct a supply and demand balance sheet of oil sources and sinks by considering the transportation cost variance of variant pipeline diameters to determine the spatial optimization of Eastern China＇s pipeline network.In 2009,the optimal cost of this network was 34.5% lower than the total actual cost,suggesting that oil flow is overall inefficient and there is huge potential to improve flow efficiency.Within Eastern China,the oil flow of the Northeast network was relatively better than others,but the flow in Northern China is inefficient because all pipelines are underload or noload,and there were similar conditions in the Huanghuai region.We assumed no difference in pipeline transport speed,compared to rail or road transportation,thus transportation distance,rather than time,is the main influential factor under the definite transporting cost of variant pipeline diameters.