Focusing on the unique style of brick carving model calligraphy in Shanxi Chang's manor,this research analyses the content and feature of the different parts of brick carving,and discuses the presenting cultural d...Focusing on the unique style of brick carving model calligraphy in Shanxi Chang's manor,this research analyses the content and feature of the different parts of brick carving,and discuses the presenting cultural deposits.It reflects the deep Confucian culture of Shanxi Chang's manor,with the peculiar charming in culture and aesthetic value.展开更多
Numerous studies have been undertaken to improve the viability, durability and suitability of materials and methods used for aquaculture enclosures. While many of the previous studies considered macro-deformation of n...Numerous studies have been undertaken to improve the viability, durability and suitability of materials and methods used for aquaculture enclosures. While many of the previous studies considered macro-deformation of nets, there is a paucity of information on netting micro-deformation. When aquaculture pens are towed, industry operators have observed the motion described as ＂baffling＂ – the transverse oscillation of the net planes parallel and near parallel to the flow. The difficulty to observe and assess baffling motion in a controlled experimental environment is to sufficiently reproduce netting boundary conditions and the flow environment experienced at sea. The focus of the present study was to develop and assess experimental methods for visualisation and quantification of these transverse oscillations. Four netrig configurations with varied boundary conditions and model-netting properties were tested in a flume tank. While the Reynolds number was not equivalent to full-scale, usage of the pliable and fine mesh model netting that enabled baffling to develop at low flow velocities was deemed to be of a larger relevance to this initial study. Baffling was observed in the testing frame that constrained the net sheet on the leading edge, similarly to a flag attachment onto a pole. Baffling motion increased the hydrodynamic drag of the net by 35%–58% when compared to the previously developed formula for taut net sheets aligned parallel to the flow. Furthermore, it was found that the drag due to baffling decreased with the increasing velocity over the studied Reynolds numbers（below 200）; and the drag coefficient was non-linear for Reynolds numbers below 120. It is hypothesised that baffling motion is initially propagated by vortex shedding of the netting twine which causes the netting to oscillate; there after the restoring force causes unstable pressure differences on each side of the netting which excites the amplitude of the netting oscillations.展开更多
笔式用户界面软件以其自然、高效的交互方式,在很多领域中有着广泛的应用.笔式用户界面软件具有以交互为中心、用户个性化需求高的特点,由此也决定了用户在软件设计中的主导地位.以用户为中心的设计的关键问题在于,如何使用户的思想如...笔式用户界面软件以其自然、高效的交互方式,在很多领域中有着广泛的应用.笔式用户界面软件具有以交互为中心、用户个性化需求高的特点,由此也决定了用户在软件设计中的主导地位.以用户为中心的设计的关键问题在于,如何使用户的思想如实地反映到设计中.通过建立笔式用户界面软件特征模型PUIDM(the domain model for pen-based user interface software),构造了一个连接用户与软件设计的平台.从上下文、软件实体、界面特征、体系结构等角度,对该模型的建立进行分析,并给出了相应的XML描述.在此基础上,描述了用户使用该模型进行软件设计的过程.实例表明,PUIDM能够正确引导用户进行设计,将用户意图充分地引入到软件设计和最终实现中,使软件满足可用性要求.展开更多
用户界面描述语言是实现模型驱动的用户界面开发的重要方式.当前的用户界面描述语言一方面在对不同物理特性的交互设备上的用户界面的描述能力不足;另一方面,缺乏可扩展性及界面描述的组成部分的可复用性.针对上述问题,设计出一种界面...用户界面描述语言是实现模型驱动的用户界面开发的重要方式.当前的用户界面描述语言一方面在对不同物理特性的交互设备上的用户界面的描述能力不足;另一方面,缺乏可扩展性及界面描述的组成部分的可复用性.针对上述问题,设计出一种界面描述语言——E-UIDL(extensible user interface description language).该语言遵循层次化、模块化的设计原则,能够支持多设备、多通道的用户界面的描述,并通过实例说明描述语言对笔式用户界面开发、多设备界面自动生成以及自适应用户界面开发的支持,深入地阐述了E-UIDL的特性.展开更多
文摘Focusing on the unique style of brick carving model calligraphy in Shanxi Chang's manor,this research analyses the content and feature of the different parts of brick carving,and discuses the presenting cultural deposits.It reflects the deep Confucian culture of Shanxi Chang's manor,with the peculiar charming in culture and aesthetic value.
文摘Numerous studies have been undertaken to improve the viability, durability and suitability of materials and methods used for aquaculture enclosures. While many of the previous studies considered macro-deformation of nets, there is a paucity of information on netting micro-deformation. When aquaculture pens are towed, industry operators have observed the motion described as ＂baffling＂ – the transverse oscillation of the net planes parallel and near parallel to the flow. The difficulty to observe and assess baffling motion in a controlled experimental environment is to sufficiently reproduce netting boundary conditions and the flow environment experienced at sea. The focus of the present study was to develop and assess experimental methods for visualisation and quantification of these transverse oscillations. Four netrig configurations with varied boundary conditions and model-netting properties were tested in a flume tank. While the Reynolds number was not equivalent to full-scale, usage of the pliable and fine mesh model netting that enabled baffling to develop at low flow velocities was deemed to be of a larger relevance to this initial study. Baffling was observed in the testing frame that constrained the net sheet on the leading edge, similarly to a flag attachment onto a pole. Baffling motion increased the hydrodynamic drag of the net by 35%–58% when compared to the previously developed formula for taut net sheets aligned parallel to the flow. Furthermore, it was found that the drag due to baffling decreased with the increasing velocity over the studied Reynolds numbers（below 200）; and the drag coefficient was non-linear for Reynolds numbers below 120. It is hypothesised that baffling motion is initially propagated by vortex shedding of the netting twine which causes the netting to oscillate; there after the restoring force causes unstable pressure differences on each side of the netting which excites the amplitude of the netting oscillations.
文摘笔式用户界面软件以其自然、高效的交互方式,在很多领域中有着广泛的应用.笔式用户界面软件具有以交互为中心、用户个性化需求高的特点,由此也决定了用户在软件设计中的主导地位.以用户为中心的设计的关键问题在于,如何使用户的思想如实地反映到设计中.通过建立笔式用户界面软件特征模型PUIDM(the domain model for pen-based user interface software),构造了一个连接用户与软件设计的平台.从上下文、软件实体、界面特征、体系结构等角度,对该模型的建立进行分析,并给出了相应的XML描述.在此基础上,描述了用户使用该模型进行软件设计的过程.实例表明,PUIDM能够正确引导用户进行设计,将用户意图充分地引入到软件设计和最终实现中,使软件满足可用性要求.
文摘用户界面描述语言是实现模型驱动的用户界面开发的重要方式.当前的用户界面描述语言一方面在对不同物理特性的交互设备上的用户界面的描述能力不足;另一方面,缺乏可扩展性及界面描述的组成部分的可复用性.针对上述问题,设计出一种界面描述语言——E-UIDL(extensible user interface description language).该语言遵循层次化、模块化的设计原则,能够支持多设备、多通道的用户界面的描述,并通过实例说明描述语言对笔式用户界面开发、多设备界面自动生成以及自适应用户界面开发的支持,深入地阐述了E-UIDL的特性.
