Recent progress in the study of methylated tumor suppressor genes in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.The pathogenesis mechanisms of gastric cancer are still not fully clear.Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations are known to play significant roles in carcinogenesis.Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor genes,particularly caused by hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoters,is critical to carcinogenesis and metastasis.Here,we review the recent progress in the study of methylations of tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.We also briefly describe the mechanisms that induce tumor suppressor gene methylation and the status of translating these molecular mechanisms into clinical applications.

Gene therapy in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer(PC) is a highly lethal disease and notoriously difficult to treat. Only a small proportion of PC patients are eligible for surgical resection, whilst conventional chemoradiotherapy only has a modest effect with substantial toxicity. Gene therapy has become a new widely investigated therapeutic approach for PC.This article reviews the basic rationale, gene delivery methods, therapeutic targets and developments of laboratory research and clinical trials in gene therapy of PC by searching the literature published in English using the PubMed database and analyzing clinical trials registered on the Gene Therapy Clinical Trials Worldwide website(http://www. wiley.co.uk/genmed/ clinical). Viral vectors are main gene delivery tools in gene therapy of cancer, and especially, oncolytic virus shows brighter prospect due to its tumor-targeting property.Efficient therapeutic targets for gene therapy include tumor suppressor gene p53, mutant oncogene K-ras,anti-angiogenesis gene VEGFR, suicide gene HSK-TK,cytosine deaminase and cytochrome p450, multiple cytokine genes and so on. Combining different targets or combination strategies with traditional chemoradiother-apy may be a more effective approach to improve the efficacy of cancer gene therapy. Cancer gene therapy is not yet applied in clinical practice, but basic and clinical studies have demonstrated its safety and clinical benefits. Gene therapy will be a new and promising field for the treatment of PC.

HYPERMETHYLATION OF p14^(ARF) PROMOTER REGION AND EXPRESION OF p14^(ARF) GENE PRODUCT IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

Objective： This study was designed to investigate promoter methylation status and protein expression of p14^ARF gene in non-small cell lung cancer, and value the role of p14^ARF promoter methylation in carcinogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods： Promoter methylation status and protein expression of p14^ARF gene in 40 cases of non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed by methylation specific polymerase china reaction （MSP）, restriction enzyme-related polymerase chain reaction （RE-PCR） and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Results： The positive rates of p14^ARF promoter methylation in tumor tissues and normal tissues adjacent to cancer were 17.5% （7/40） and 2.5% （1/40） respectively. There were statistically significant differences between them, P〈0.05. The results of RE-PCR were consistent with that of MSP. The expression rate of p14^ARF protein in tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues adjacent to cancer, p〈0.01. Promoter methylation status and protein expression of p14^ARF gene in non-small cell lung cancer showed significantly an inverse correlation （r=-0.56, P〈0.01）, and both of them did not relate statistically with the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients such as histological classification, clinical stage, differentiation grade and lymph node involvement. Conclusion： Promoter methylation is a crucial mechanism of inactivation of p14^ARF gene. Promoter methylation of p14^ARF gene might he involved in carcinogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer, and is an early event in development process of non-small cell lung cancer. It might be used as a new target in gene treatments in the future.

Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor and tumor-related genes in neoplastic and non-neoplastic gastric epithelia

A number of tumor suppressor and tumor-related genes exhibit promoter hypermethylation with resultant gene silencing in human cancers.The frequencies of methylation differ among genes and genomic regions within CpG islands in different tissue types.Hypermethylation initially occurs at the edge of CpG islands and spreads to the transcription start site before ultimately shutting down gene expression.When the degree of methylation was quantitatively evaluated in neoplastic and non-neoplastic gastric epithelia using DNA microarray analysis,highlevel methylation around the transcription start site appeared to be a tumor-specific phenomenon,although multiple tumor suppressor genes became increasingly methylated with patient age in non-neoplastic gastric epithelia.Quantitative analysis of DNA methylation is a promising method for both cancer diagnosis and risk assessment.

Non-transmissible Sendai virus vector encoding c-myc suppressor FBP-interacting repressor for cancer therapy

AIM: To investigate a novel therapeutic strategy to target and suppress c-myc in human cancers using far up stream element (FUSE)-binding protein-interacting repressor (FIR).

Effects of multiple tumor suppressor 1 on the proliferation of human ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells

objective: To investigate the effects of multiple tumor suppressor 1 on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods: Growth characteristics of HO-8910 (without p16 gene expression ), 8910-p16 (trans fected with p16 gene) and 8910-pcDNA3 (transfected with the vector pcDNA3) cells were studied by comparison of the cell growth curves. DNA synthesis was also compared among the 3 kinds of cells. Results: After trans fected with p16 gene, the 8910-p16 cells were markedly inhibited in both the proliferation and DNA synthesis. There was no significant difference between the 8910-pcDNA3 cells and the HO-8910 cells. Conclusion: Multiple tumor suppressor 1 can inhibit the proliferation and DNA synthesis of human ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells.

The False Paradigm of RUNX3 Function as Tumor Suppressor in Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer mortality. GC studies that aim to identify relevant oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are essential for devising effective new therapies. A decade ago, RUNX3, a gene that resides on human chromosome 1p36.1, was claimed to be a major TSG in GC. Since then, hundreds of studies involving thousands of GC patients have attempted to verify and extend the RUNX3 TSG paradigm. However, RUNX3 is not recognized as TSG and not listed in the “Cancer Gene Census” website. To be a TSG that protects normal cells against malignancy, the gene must be expressed in the normal tissue from which the cancer arose and its loss or inactivation should contribute to cancer development. This review summarizes compelling body of evidence challenging the RUNX3-TSG paradigm. Studies show unequivocally that RUNX3 is not expressed in normal gastric epithelium and that it fails to fulfill all other premises of a TSG. RUNX3 mutations and 1p36 deletions are not frequent in GC and RUNX3 is not associated with familial GC or with increased risk of GC. Accordingly, Runx3-/- mice do not develop tumors. RUNX3 promoter methylation, which has been reported to be a frequent event in GC, is not relevant to its alleged TSG function, since the gene is already silent in normal gastric epithelium. In sharp contrast, overexpression of RUNX3 was found in several types of human cancers, including GC, and the 1p36.1 region is amplified in B-cell lymphoma. Thus, it is possible that RUNX3 actually promotes cancer development rather than being a TSG. The true targets for GC therapy are discussed below. Those are genes frequently lost or amplified in GC and are well known for their tumor suppressive or oncogenic activity, respectively.

虎杖苷调节Akt/MDM2/p53信号通路对胆囊癌细胞增殖、迁移和细胞周期的影响

目的探讨虎杖苷(PD)调节蛋白激酶B/原癌基因MDM2/抑癌基因p53信号通路对胆囊癌细胞增殖、迁移和细胞周期的影响。方法以人胆囊癌细胞株(GBC-SD)为研究对象,体外培养人胆囊癌细胞株(GBC-SD),使用浓度为10~160 mmol/L的虎杖苷处理细胞24、48、72 h,采用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖能力,确定最佳实验浓度。将GBC-SD细胞分为对照组(Control组)、虎杖苷低、中、高浓度组(PD-L组、PD-M组、PD-H组)、虎杖苷+Akt激活剂组(PD+SC79组),Transwell小室法评价细胞的迁移能力,Hoechst染色观察细胞的凋亡,流式细胞术检测细胞周期与细胞凋亡,Western blot检测Akt、MDM2、p53磷酸化水平,建立荷瘤小鼠模型评价虎杖苷对胆囊癌肿瘤生长的影响。结果浓度为10~160 mmol/L的虎杖苷处理细胞24 h,可显著抑制GBC-SD细胞的增殖活性,选择10、20、40 mmol/L的虎杖苷进行后续实验;与Control组比较,PD-L组、PD-M组、PD-H组GBC-SD细胞的迁移数、细胞凋亡率、G2/M期细胞比例及S期细胞比例、P-Akt、P-MDM2蛋白表达显著降低,G0/G1期细胞比例、P-p53蛋白表达显著升高,且呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05);与PD-H组比较,PD+SC79组GBC-SD细胞的迁移数、细胞凋亡率、G2/M期细胞比例及S期细胞比例、P-Akt、P-MDM2蛋白表达显著升高,G0/G1期细胞比例、P-p53蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05);虎杖苷干预治疗后,小鼠移植瘤的生长速度显著降低(P<0.05)。结论虎杖苷可以通过调节Akt/MDM2/p53信号通路使细胞周期阻滞,抑制胆囊癌细胞增殖、迁移。

p53蛋白表达与胰腺癌淋巴结转移、脉管浸润、神经浸润相关性的系统评价和Meta分析

背景胰腺癌相关死亡达恶性肿瘤死亡第3位.淋巴结转移、神经浸润可显著影响胰腺癌术后复发转移.抑癌基因p53突变在胰腺癌发生发展中扮演重要角色,但p53蛋白表达与胰腺癌淋巴结转移、神经浸润相关性尚无统一证据.目的通过系统评价和Meta分析评价p53蛋白表达与胰腺癌淋巴结转移、脉管浸润和神经浸润三项侵袭特征的相关性.方法对2023-08-31之前发表的相关文献进行系统检索.采用Meta分析评估p53蛋白表达与淋巴结转移、脉管浸润和神经浸润的相关性,并进行亚组分析、敏感性分析、和发表偏倚分析.结果共有14项研究被纳入Meta分析.胰腺癌组织p53蛋白平均表达率为35.6%,p53蛋白表达与胰腺癌患者的侵袭特征显著相关:胰腺癌p53蛋白高表达与低表达组相比,淋巴结转移、脉管浸润和神经浸润发生的危险度比分别为:1.29[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):1.10-1.50]、1.23[95%CI:1.03-1.47]和1.22[95%CI:1.00-1.48].亚组分析显示,研究人群、样本量、和发表时间可影响总Meta分析结果.敏感性分析可改变脉管浸润和神经浸润研究的总效应量,但不改变淋巴结转移的效应量.发表偏倚分析显示神经浸润研究存在发表偏倚,而淋巴结转移和脉管浸润研究无发表偏倚.结论p53蛋白表达是胰腺癌淋巴结转移、脉管浸润和神经浸润的危险因素,临床上检测癌组织p53蛋白表达可为评估胰腺癌侵袭特征提供分子病理依据.

P53、P16及Ki-67与早期食管癌患者ESD术后复发的关系分析

目的 分析研究抑制蛋白基因P53(P53)、抑制蛋白基因P16(P16)及细胞增殖核抗原Ki-67(Ki-67)与早期食管癌患者内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)术后复发的关系。方法 选取2019年1月至2023年1月三门峡市中心医院收治80例的早期食管癌患者作为研究对象,均进行ESD治疗。比较所有患者癌组织与癌旁组织(距肿瘤边缘>3 cm,镜下未见肿瘤组织或不典型增生组织)P53、P16、Ki-67蛋白表达。ESD术后对患者随访1年,根据有无术后复发食管癌,将患者分为复发组(n=20)与无复发组(n=60)。比较两组癌组织P53、P16、Ki-67蛋白表达。采用多因素Logistic回归分析早期食管癌患者ESD术后复发的影响因素,并绘制ROC曲线分析P53、P16、Ki-67蛋白表达与早期食管癌患者ESD术后复发。结果 与癌旁组织相比,癌组织P53、Ki-67蛋白表达升高,P16蛋白表达降低(t=9.276、13.987、10.595,均P<0.05);复发组的癌组织P53、Ki-67蛋白表达均高于无复发组,P16蛋白表达低于无复发组(t=5.086、4.648、5.139,均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤低分化(OR=1.870)、肿瘤浸润侵犯黏膜下层(OR=1.808)、有淋巴结转移(OR=2.089)、P53蛋白高表达(OR=2.046)、P16蛋白低表达(OR=1.988)及Ki-67蛋白高表达(OR=1.761)均是早期食管癌患者ESD术后复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,P53、P16、Ki-67蛋白表达及联合检测的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.803、0.828、0.834、0.942,联合检测优于单一检测(P<0.05)。结论 P53、P16及Ki-67蛋白与早期食管癌患者ESD术后复发情况相关,可以作为辅助预测的相关诊断指标。

GLTSCR2对卵巢癌细胞迁移侵袭和p53通路的影响

目的探讨神经胶质瘤肿瘤抑制因子候选区基因2(GLTSCR2)在卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭中的生物学作用。方法GEPIA数据库分析卵巢癌组织中GLTSCR2的表达,实时定量PCR检测卵巢癌细胞(CAOV3、A2780、OVCAR3和SKOV3)中GLTSCR2的表达。分别转染pcDNA3.1(空质粒)和pcDNA3.1-GLTSCR(过表达质粒)至SKOV3细胞和OVCAR3细胞,分为SKOV3-NC组、SKOV3-GLTSCR2组(SKOV3细胞中过表达GLTSCR2)和OVCAR3-NC组、OVCAR3-GLTSCR2组(OVCAR3细胞中过表达GLTSCR2)。CCK-8法、划痕实验和Transwell实验分别检测卵巢癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。Western blot检测p53、p-p53-Ser15和第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(PTEN)的蛋白表达。结果GLTSCR2在卵巢癌组织和细胞中表达下调。上调GLTSCR2表达后SKOV3-GLTSCR2组SKOV3细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力低于SKOV3-NC组;OVCAR3-GLTSCR2组OVCAR3细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力低于OVCAR3-NC组。另外,SKOV3-GLTSCR2组p53、p-p53-Ser15和PTEN的蛋白水平高于SKOV3-NC组;OVCAR3-GLTSCR2组p53、p-p53-Ser15和PTEN的蛋白水平高于OVCAR3-NC组。结论GLTSCR2可能作为抑癌基因,增强p53信号通路活性,抑制卵巢癌细胞的恶性增殖和迁移侵袭过程。

遗传性卵巢癌中乳腺癌抑制蛋白1/2和错配修复蛋白MutS同源物2基因突变的意义研究

目的研究遗传性卵巢癌中乳腺癌抑制蛋白1/2(BRCA1/2)和错配修复蛋白MutS同源物2(MSH2)基因突变意义。方法选取2019年6月至2023年6月于新余市人民医院就诊的13例家族遗传性卵巢癌患者及家系中5名Ⅰ代健康亲属、20名Ⅱ/Ⅲ代健康亲属作为研究对象。采集所有研究对象空腹静脉血5 ml,分离提取DNA行聚合酶链式反应扩增后直接测序比对,研究遗传性卵巢癌家族中有意义的错义突变基因。结果13例家族遗传性卵巢癌患者临床分期以Ⅲ期、组织分级以低-中分化、有淋巴结肿转移为主。13例患者基因测序显示,BRCA1基因发现突变6处中,无意义突变3处,新发现突变3处。新发现3处突变中3780A>G、5069A>G造成氨基酸变化,3326A>T突变造成Arg突变成终止密码子,共同存在突变为3326A>T。BRCA2基因测序检测出突变6处,无意义突变5处,其中共同存在突变为1342A>C。MSH2基因测序发现无意义突变2处。健康家系中,携带BRCA1基因3326A>T突变3例(12.00%),携带BRCA2基因1342A>C突变12例(48.00%),其余女性测序结果正常。结论BRCA1基因杂合突变3326A>T和BRCA2基因杂合突变1342A>C是遗传性卵巢癌家族发病的致病基因,可为临床早发现、早诊断、早治疗提供指导。

Aberrant promoter CpG methylation and its translational applications in breast cancer

Breast cancer is a complex disease driven by multiple factors including both genetic and epigenetic alterations.Recent studies revealed that abnormal gene expression induced by epigenetic changes,including aberrant promoter methylation and histone modification,plays a critical role in human breast carcinogenesis.Silencing of tumor suppressor genes(TSGs) by promoter CpG methylation facilitates cells growth and survival advantages and further results in tumor initiation and progression,thus directly contributing to breast tumorigenesis.Usually,aberrant promoter methylation of TSGs,which can be reversed by pharmacological reagents,occurs at the early stage of tumorigenesis and therefore may serve as a potential tumor marker for early diagnosis and therapeutic targeting of breast cancer.In this review,we summarize the epigenetic changes of multiple TSGs involved in breast pathogenesis and their potential clinical applications as tumor markers for early detection and treatment of breast cancer.

MicroRNA aberrations:An emerging field for gallbladdercancer management

Gallbladder cancer(GBC) is infrequent but most lethal biliary tract malignancy characterized by an advanced stage diagnosis and poor survival rates attributed to absence of specific symptoms and effective treatment options. These necessitate development of early prognostic/predictive markers and novel therapeutic interventions. Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that play a key role in tumor biology by functioning like tumor suppressor- or oncogenes and their aberrant expression are associated with the pathogenesis of several neoplasms with overwhelming clinical implications. Since mi RNA signature is tissue specific, here, we focused on current data concerning the mi RNAs abberations in GBC pathogenesis. In GBC, mi RNAs with tumor suppressor activity(mi R-135-5p, mi R-335, mi R-34 a, mi R-26 a, mi R-146b-5p, Mir-218-5p, mi R-1, mi R-145, mir-130a) were found downregulated, while those with oncogenic property(mi R-20 a, mi R-182, mir-155) were upregulated. The expression profile of mi RNAs was significantly associated with GBC prognosis and prediction, and forced over-expression/ inhibition of these mi RNAs was shown to affect tumor growth and development. Further, differential expression of mi RNAs in the blood samples of GBC patients suggest mi RNAs as promising noninvasive biomarker. Thus, mi RNAs represent potential candidate for GBC management, though many hurdles need to be overcome before mi RNAs therapy can be clinically applied to GBC prevention and treatment.

组蛋白H2A去泛素化酶BAP1对恶性胶质瘤细胞发生发展的作用及临床应用价值研究

目的探索乳腺癌/卵巢癌易感基因1相关蛋白1(breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 associated protein 1,BAP1)对人源恶性胶质瘤发生、发展的作用与BAP1作为恶性胶质瘤临床诊断标志物的可行性。方法基于基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)的子数据集GSE4290,GSE90598,分析BAP1在正常组织及胶质瘤组织中的差异性表达情况;受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析BAP1对恶性胶质瘤的早期诊断价值;选取自主收集的非配对28例恶性胶质瘤患者的原发灶组织、5例颅脑外伤患者内减压术切除的非瘤脑组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)检测BAP1的表达水平;利用靶向BAP1的特异性小干扰RNAs(small interfering RNAs,siRNAs)瞬时转染U251细胞系,进一步检测其干涉效率;基于流式细胞仪分析BAP1下调的U251细胞系,其细胞周期、凋亡的变化情况。结果生物信息学结果显示,BAP1在恶性胶质瘤组织中的表达水平均低于正常脑组织(GSE4290:1209±18.49 vs 1476±53.90;GSE90598:5.19±0.10 vs 5.65±0.21),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.115,2.267,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,BAP1可高效区分恶性胶质瘤组织与正常脑组织(GSE4290:AUC=0.78;GSE90598:AUC=0.75,均P<0.05)。临床标本结果显示,BAP1在恶性胶质瘤原发灶组织中的表达水平显著低于非瘤脑组织(0.27±0.04 vs 1.06±0.07),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.22,P<0.001)。在U251细胞系中下调BAP1的表达,其细胞周期中S期细胞比例明显增多,由17.59%分别增至27.21%(siBAP1-1)和25.79%(siBAP1-2),差异具有统计学意义(t=6.576,6.642,均P<0.01),而细胞凋亡水平则有所下降,由10.17%分别降至2.70%(siBAP-1)和3.00%(siBAP-2),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.31,9.428,均P<0.01)。结论组蛋白H2A去泛素化酶BAP1能够通过抑制恶性胶质瘤细胞周期快速进展并促进其凋亡,进而发挥肿瘤抑癌基因的功能,可作为潜在的恶性胶质瘤临床诊断标志物。

Is metastatic pancreatic cancer an untargetable malignancy?

Metastatic pancreatic cancer(MPC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, known to be chemo-resistant and have been recently considered resistant to some targeted therapies(TT). Erlotinib combined to gemcitabine is the only targeted therapy that showed an overall survival benefit in MPC. New targets and therapeutic approaches, based on new-TT, are actually being evaluated in MPC going from immunotherapy, epigenetics, tumor suppressor gene and oncogenes to stromal matrix regulators. We aim in this paper to present the major causes rendering MPC an untargetable malignancy and to focus on the new therapeutic modalities based on TT in MPC.

Aberrant DNA methylation in cervical carcinogenesis

Persistent infection wit h high-risk types of human papillomavirus(HPV) is known to cause cervical cancer;however,additional genetic and epigenetic alterations are required for progression from precancerous disease to invasive cancer.DNA methylation is an early and frequent molecular alteration in cervical carcinogenesis.In this review,we summarize DNA methylation within the HPV genome and human genome and identify its clinical implications.Methylation of the HPV long control region(LCR) and L1 gene is common during cervical carcinogenesis and increases with the severity of the cervical neoplasm.The L1 gene of HPV16 and HPV18 is consistently hypermethylated in invasive cervical cancers and can potentially be used as a clinical marker of cancer progression.Moreover,promoters of tumor suppressor genes(TSGs) involved in many cellular pathways are methylated in cervical precursors and invasive cancers.Some are associated with squamous cell carcinomas,and others are associated with adenocarcinomas.Identification of methylated TSGs in Pap smear could be an adjuvant test in cervical cancer screening for triage of women with high-risk HPV,atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance,or low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL).However,consistent panels must be validated for this approach to be translated to the clinic.Furthermore,reversion of methylated TSGs using demethylating drugs may be an alternative anticancer treatment,but demethylating drugs without toxic carcinogenic and mutagenic properties must be identified and validated.

Re-expression of Cell Adhesion Molecule Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line PANC-1

This study examined the expression of cell adhesion molecule 1 （CADM1） in pancreatic cancer and the possible mechanism. The expression of CADM 1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in tissues of pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, and normal pancreas. The plasmid pcDNA3.1-Hy- gro（＋）/CADM1 was transfected into PANC-1 cells （a pancreatic cancer cell line）. The expression of CADM1 in the transfected cells was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell growth was measured by the MTT method and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The results showed that CADM1 was weakly expressed in tissues of pancreatic cancer in contrast to its high expression in normal pancreatic and pancreatitis tissues. The expression level of CADM in pancreatic caner was intensely correlated with the differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis and TNM stages. The growth of CADMl-transfected PANC-1 cells was significantly suppressed in vitro by a G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis occurrence. It was concluded that re-expression of CADM1 inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells and induces their apoptosis in vitro. As a tumor suppressor gene, CADM1 plays an important role in the occurrence, progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.

^(125)I粒子植入辅助治疗晚期肝癌后IL-33、ST2、Th1/Th2相关细胞因子的变化

目的:探究^(125)I粒子植入辅助治疗晚期肝癌后白细胞介素-33(IL-33)、癌性抑制基因2(ST2)、辅助性T细胞1(Th1)/辅助性T细胞2(Th2)相关细胞因子的变化。方法:选取2019年7月至2021年4月收治的94例晚期肝癌患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法按1∶1比例分为观察组、对照组,各47例。对照组患者采用肝动脉化学治疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗基础上加用^(125)I粒子植入辅助治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前、治疗后2个月肿瘤标志物水平[糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)]、生活质量核心量表(QLQ-C30)评分、Th1[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)]、Th2[白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]相关细胞因子水平,血清IL-33、ST2水平及并发症发生率。结果:观察组患者疾病控制率74.47%高于对照组的51.06%(P<0.05);治疗后2个月,观察组患者血清CA19-9、AFP、CEA、AFU水平、QLQ-C30评分、IL-4、IL-6、IL-33、ST2水平;低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2个月观察组患者血清TNF-α、IFN-γ水平高于对照组,两组患者并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:^(125)I粒子植入辅助治疗晚期肝癌患者效果显著,可调节血清IL-33、ST2水平,促使Th1/Th2平衡,降低肿瘤标志物水平,提高患者生活质量,且安全性较高。

DOK3基因表达下调对原代结肠癌细胞生物学行为的影响及其可能机制

目的 分析对接蛋白3(DOK3)基因表达下调对原代结肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭/迁移能力的影响,并基于DOK3与G蛋白偶联受体84(GPR84)的相互作用探讨可能的作用机制。方法 培养原代结肠癌细胞HCT16,将其分为对照组、小干扰RNA(siRNA)-NC组、siRNA-DOK3组进行实验。分别将siRNA-NC、siRNA-DOK3转染至siRNA-NC组、siRNA-DOK3组,而仅将培养液加入对照组。培养24 h后通过实时荧光定量PCR评估转染效果,再使用CCK-8法、Transwell实验分别检测各组细胞的增殖情况、侵袭/迁移能力,采用蛋白免疫共沉淀实验检测HCT16细胞中DOK3与GPR84之间的相互作用关系。结果 与对照组比较,siRNA-DOK3组HCT16细胞中DOK3 mRNA表达量降低(P<0.05),而siRNA-NC组HCT16细胞中DOK3mRNA表达量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。培养48 h、72 h后,siRNA-DOK3组HCT16细胞的增殖活力较对照组增加(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,siRNA-DOK3组HCT16细胞的迁移和侵袭数量增加(P<0.05),而siRNA-NC组HCT16细胞的迁移和侵袭数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。蛋白免疫共沉淀实验结果显示,在HCT16细胞中GPR84与DOK3相互结合。结论 DOK3基因可能作为抑癌基因,参与了结肠癌的发生与发展,且其可能通过与GPR84结合发挥抑癌作用。