Mining elite loci and candidate genes for root morphology-related traits at the seedling stage by genome-wide association studies in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Root system architecture plays an essential role in water and nutrient acquisition in plants,and it is significantly involved in plant adaptations to various environmental stresses.In this study,a panel of 242 cotton accessions was collected to investigate six root morphological traits at the seedling stage,including main root length(MRL),root fresh weight(RFW),total root length(TRL),root surface area(RSA),root volume(RV),and root average diameter(AvgD).The correlation analysis of the six root morphological traits revealed strong positive correlations of TRL with RSA,as well as RV with RSA and AvgD,whereas a significant negative correlation was found between TRL and AvgD.Subsequently,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed using the root phenotypic and genotypic data reported previously for the 242 accessions using 56,010 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)from the CottonSNP80K array.A total of 41 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were identified,including nine for MRL,six for RFW,nine for TRL,12 for RSA,12 for RV and two for AvgD.Among them,eight QTLs were repeatedly detected in two or more traits.Integrating these results with a transcriptome analysis,we identified 17 candidate genes with high transcript values of transcripts per million(TPM)≥30 in the roots.Furthermore,we functionally verified the candidate gene GH_D05G2106,which encodes a WPP domain protein 2in root development.A virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)assay showed that knocking down GH_D05G2106significantly inhibited root development in cotton,indicating its positive role in root system architecture formation.Collectively,these results provide a theoretical basis and candidate genes for future studies on cotton root developmental biology and root-related cotton breeding.

A novel live attenuated vaccine candidate protects chickens against subtype B avian metapneumovirus

Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes acute upper respiratory tract diseases in chickens and turkeys, resulting in serious economic losses. Subtype B aMPV has recently become the dominant epidemic strain in China. We developed an attenuated aMPV subtype B strain by serial passaging in Vero cells and evaluated its safety and efficacy as a vaccine candidate. The safety test showed that after the 30th passage, the LN16-A strain was fully attenuated, as clinical signs of infection and histological lesions were absent after inoculation.The LN16-A strain did not revert to a virulent strain after five serial passages in chickens. The genomic sequence of LN16-A differed from that of the parent wild-type LN16(wtLN16) strain and had nine amino acid mutations. In chickens, a single immunization with LN16-A induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including the abundant production of neutralizing antibodies, CD4^(+) T lymphocytes, and the Th1(IFN-γ) and Th2(IL-4 and IL-6)cytokines. We also confirmed that LN16-A provided 100% protection against subtype B aMPV and significantly reduced viral shedding and turbinate inflammation. Our findings suggest that the LN16-A strain is a promising live attenuated vaccine candidate that can prevent infection with subtype B aMPV.

Candidate genes conferring ethylene-response in cultivated peanuts determined by BSA-seq and fine-mapping

Ethylene plays essential roles in plant growth,development and stress responses.The ethylene signaling pathway and molecular mechanism have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis and rice but limited in peanuts.Here,we established a sand-culture method to screen pingyangmycin mutagenized peanut lines based on their specific response to ethylene(“triple response”).An ethylene-insensitive mutant,inhibition of peanut hypocotyl elongation 1(iph1),was identified that showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene in both hypocotyl elongation and root growth.Through bulked segregant analysis sequencing,a major gene related to iph1,named AhIPH1,was preliminarily mapped at the chromosome Arahy.01,and further narrowed to a 450-kb genomic region through substitution mapping strategy.A total of 7014 genes were differentially expressed among the ACC treatment through RNA-seq analysis,of which only the Arahy.5BLU0Q gene in the candidate mapping interval was differentially expressed between WT and mutant iph1.Integrating sequence variations,functional annotation and transcriptome analysis revealed that a predicated gene,Arahy.5BLU0Q,encoding SNF1 protein kinase,may be the candidate gene for AhIPH1.This gene contained two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at promoter region and was more highly expressed in iph1 than WT.Our findings reveal a novel ethylene-responsive gene,which provides a theoretical foundation and new genetic resources for the mechanism of ethylene signaling in peanuts.

Combining QTL Mapping and Multi-Omics Identify Candidate Genes for Nutritional Quality Traits during Grain Filling Stage in Maize

The nutritional composition and overall quality of maize kernels are largely determined by the key chemical com-ponents:protein,oil,and starch.Nevertheless,the genetic basis underlying these nutritional quality traits during grainfilling remains poorly understood.In this study,the concentrations of protein,oil,and starch were studied in 204 recombinant inbred lines resulting from a cross between DH1M and T877 at four different stages post-pollination.All the traits exhibited considerable phenotypic variation.During the grain-filling stage,the levels of protein and starch content generally increased,whereas oil content decreased,with significant changes observed between 30 and 40 days after pollination.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping was conducted and a total of 32 QTLs,comprising 14,12,and 6 QTLs for grain protein,oil,and starch content were detected,respectively.Few QTLs were consistently detectable across different time points.By integrating QTL analysis,glo-bal gene expression profiling,and comparative genomics,we identified 157,86,and 54 differentially expressed genes harboring nonsynonymous substitutions between the parental lines for grain protein,oil,and starch con-tent,respectively.Subsequent gene function annotation prioritized 15 candidate genes potentially involved in reg-ulating grain quality traits,including those encoding transcription factors(NAC,MADS-box,bZIP,and MYB),cell wall invertase,cellulose-synthase-like protein,cell division cycle protein,trehalase,auxin-responsive factor,and phloem protein 2-A13.Our study offers significant insights into the genetic architecture of maize kernel nutritional quality and identifies promising QTLs and candidate genes,which are crucial for the genetic enhance-ment of these traits in maize breeding programs.

Fine mapping and transcriptome sequencing reveal candidate genes conferring all-stage resistance to stripe rust on chromosome arm 1AL in Chinese wheat landrace AS1676

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), threatens wheat production worldwide, and resistant varieties tend to become susceptible after a period of cultivation owing to the variation of pathogen races. In this study, a new resistance gene against Pst race CYR34 was identified and predicted using the descendants of a cross between AS1676, a highly resistant Chinese landrace, and Avocet S, a susceptible cultivar. From a heterozygous plant from a F7recombinant inbred line(RIL) population lacking the Yr18 gene, a near-isogenic line(NIL) population was developed to map the resistance gene. An allstage resistance gene, YrAS1676, was identified on chromosome arm 1AL via bulked-segregant exomecapture sequencing. By analyzing a large NIL population consisting of 6537 plants, the gene was further mapped to the marker interval between KA1A_485.36 and KA1A_490.13, spanning 485.36–490.13 Mb on1AL. A total of 66 annotated genes have been reported in this region. To characterize and predict the candidate gene(s), an RNA-seq was performed using NIL-R and NIL-S seedlings 3 days after CYR34 inoculation. Compared to NIL-S plants, NIL-R plants showed stronger immune reaction and higher expression levels of genes encoding pathogenesis-associated proteins. These differences may help to explain why NIL-R plants were more resistant to Pst race CYR34 than NIL-S plants. By combining fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene was finally predicted as the potential candidate gene of YrAS1676. This gene contained a single-nucleotide polymorphism. The candidate gene was more highly expressed in NIL-R than in NIL-S plants. In field experiments with Pst challenge,the YrAS1676 genotype showed mitigation of disease damage and yield loss without adverse effects on tested agronomic traits. These results suggest that YrAS1676 has potential use in wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.

Genome-wide association study identifies novel candidate loci or genes affecting stalk strength in maize

Stalk strength increases resistance to stalk lodging,which causes maize(Zea mays L.)production losses worldwide.The genetic mechanisms regulating stalk strength remain unclear.In this study,three stalk strength-related traits(rind penetrometer resistance,stalk crushing strength,and stalk bending strength)and four plant architecture traits(plant height,ear height,stem diameter,stem length)were measured in three field trials.Substantial phenotypic variation was detected for these traits.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted using general and mixed linear models and 372,331 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).A total of 94 quantitative trait loci including 241 SNPs were detected.By combining the GWAS data with public gene expression data,56 candidate genes within 50 kb of the significant SNPs were identified,including genes encoding flavonol synthase(GRMZM2G069298,ZmFLS2),nitrate reductase(GRMZM5G878558,ZmNR2),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(GRMZM2G027955),and laccase(GRMZM2G447271).Resequencing GRMZM2G069298 and GRMZM5G878558 in all tested lines revealed respectively 47 and 2 variants associated with RPR.Comparison of the RPR of the zmnr2EMS mutant and the wild-type plant under high-and low-nitrogen conditions verified the GRMZM5G878558 function.These findings may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of stalk strength.The identified candidate genes and variants may be useful for the genetic improvement of maize lodging resistance.

Genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes for gummy stem blight resistance in cucumber

Gummy stem blight(GSB),caused by Didymella bryoniae,is a serious fungal disease that leads to decline in cucumber yield and quality.The molecular mechanism of GSB resistance in cucumber remains unclear.Here,we investigated the GSB resistance of cucumber core germplasms from four geographic groups at the seedling and adult stages.A total of 9 SNPs related to GSB resistance at the seedling stage and 26 SNPs at the adult stage were identified,of which some are co-localized to previously mapped Quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for GSB resistance(gsb3.2/gsb3.3,gsb5.1,and gsb-s6.2).Based on haplotype analysis and expression levels after inoculation,four candidate genes were identified within the region identified by both Genome-wide association study(GWAS)and previous identified QTL mapping,including Csa3G129470 for gsb3.2/gsb3.3,Csa5G606820 and Csa5G606850 for gsb5.1,and Csa6G079730 for gsb-s6.2.The novel GSB resistant accessions,significant SNPs,and candidate genes facilitate the breeding of GSB resistant cucumber cultivars and provide a novel idea for understanding GSB resistance mechanism in cucumber.

In silico curation of QTL-rich clusters and candidate gene identification for plant height of bread wheat

Many genetic loci for wheat plant height(PH) have been reported, and 26 dwarfing genes have been catalogued. To identify major and stable genetic loci for PH, here we thoroughly summarized these functionally or genetic verified dwarfing loci from QTL linkage analysis and genome-wide association study published from 2003 to 2022. A total of 332 QTL, 270 GWAS loci and 83 genes for PH were integrated onto chromosomes according to their locations in the IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 and 65 QTL-rich clusters(QRC) were defined. Candidate genes in each QRC were predicted based on IWGSC Annotation v2.1 and the information on functional validation of homologous genes in other species. A total of 38 candidate genes were predicted for 65 QRC including three GA2ox genes in QRC-4B-IV, QRC-5A-VIII and QRC-6A-II(Rht24) as well as GA 20-oxidase 2(TaSD1-3A) in QRC-3A-IV. These outcomes lay concrete foundations for mapbased cloning of wheat dwarfing genes and application in breeding.

Mining candidate genes of grape berry cracking based on high density genetic map

Fruit cracking is a phenomenon in which the peel cracks during grape berry development,which seriously affects the yield and quality of the fruit.However,there are few studies on the mining of candidate genes related to berry cracking.In order to better understand the genetic basis of berry cracking,we used the results of previous quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping,combined with field surveys of berry-cracking types and the berry-cracking rate,to mine candidate berry-cracking genes.The results showed that three identical QTL loci were detected in two years(2019 and 2020);and three candidate genes were annotated in the QTL interval.In mature berries,the expressions of the candidate genes were more abundant in the cracking-susceptible parent(‘Crimson Seedless’)than in the cracking-resistant parent(‘Muscat Hamburg’).Grape berry cracking is a complex trait controlled by multiple genes,mainly including genes encoding cellulose synthase–like protein H1,glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase 12,and brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1.The high expression of the candidate berry-cracking genes may promote the occurrence of berry cracking.This study helps elucidate the genetic mechanism of grape berry cracking.

Analyses and identifications of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes controlling mesocotyl elongation in rice

Rice direct seeding has the significant potential to save labor and water,conserve environmental resources,and reduce greenhouse gas emissions tremendously.Therefore,rice direct seeding is becoming the major cultivation technology applied to rice production in many countries.Identifying and utilizing genes controlling mesocotyl elongation is an effective approach to accelerate breeding procedures and meet the requirements for direct-seeded rice(DSR) production.This study used a permanent mapping population with 144 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) and 2 828 bin-markers to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with mesocotyl length in 2019 and 2020.The mesocotyl lengths of the rice RILs and their parents,Lijiangxintuanheigu(LTH) and Shennong 265(SN265),were measured in a growth chamber at 30°C in a dark environment.A total of 16 QTLs for mesocotyl length were identified on chromosomes 1(2),2(4),3(2),4,5,6,7,9,11(2),and 12.Seven of these QTLs,including qML1a,qML1b,qML2d,qML3a,qML3b,qML5,and qML11b,were reproducibly detected in both years via the interval mapping method.The major QTL,qML3a,was reidentified in two years via the composite interval mapping method.A total of 10 to 413 annotated genes for each QTL were identified in their smallest genetic intervals of 37.69 kb to 2.78 Mb,respectively.Thirteen predicted genes within a relatively small genetic interval(88.18 kb) of the major mesocotyl elongation QTL,qML3a,were more thoroughly analyzed.Finally,the coding DNA sequence variations among SN265,LTH,and Nipponbare indicated that the LOC_Os03g50550 gene was the strongest candidate gene for the qML3a QTL controlling the mesocotyl elongation.This LOC_Os03g50550 gene encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase.Relative gene expression analysis using qRT-RCR further revealed that the expression levels of the LOC_Os03g50550 gene in the mesocotyl of LTH were significantly lower than in the mesocotyl of SN265.In conclusion,these results further strengthen our knowledge about rice’s genetic mechanisms of mesocotyl elongation.This investigation’s discoveries will help to accelerate breeding programs for new DSR variety development.

Candidate genes for mastitis resistance in dairy cattle:a data integration approach

Background Inflammation of the mammary tissue(mastitis)is one of the most detrimental health conditions in dairy ruminants and is considered the most economically important infectious disease of the dairy sector.Improving mastitis resistance is becoming an important goal in dairy ruminant breeding programmes.However,mastitis resistance is a complex trait and identification of mastitis-associated alleles in livestock is difficult.Currently,the only applicable approach to identify candidate loci for complex traits in large farm animals is to combine different information that supports the functionality of the identified genomic regions with respect to a complex trait.Methods To identify the most promising candidate loci for mastitis resistance we integrated heterogeneous data from multiple sources and compiled the information into a comprehensive database of mastitis-associated candidate loci.Mastitis-associated candidate genes reported in association,expression,and mouse model studies were collected by searching the relevant literature and databases.The collected data were integrated into a single database,screened for overlaps,and used for gene set enrichment analysis.Results The database contains candidate genes from association and expression studies and relevant transgenic mouse models.The 2448 collected candidate loci are evenly distributed across bovine chromosomes.Data integration and analysis revealed overlaps between different studies and/or with mastitis-associated QTL,revealing promising candidate genes for mastitis resistance.Conclusion Mastitis resistance is a complex trait influenced by numerous alleles.Based on the number of independent studies,we were able to prioritise candidate genes and propose a list of the 22 most promising.To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive database of mastitis associated candidate genes and could be helpful in selecting genes for functional validation studies.

Meta-QTL analysis for mining of candidate genes and constitutive gene network development for fungal disease resistance in maize(Zea mays L.)

The development of resistant maize cultivars is the most effective and sustainable approach to combat fungal diseases.Over the last three decades,many quantitative trait loci(QTL)mapping studies reported numerous QTL for fungal disease resistance(FDR)in maize.However,different genetic backgrounds of germplasm and differing QTL analysis algorithms limit the use of identified QTL for comparative studies.The meta-QTL(MQTL)analysis is the meta-analysis of multiple QTL experiments,which entails broader allelic coverage and helps in the combined analysis of diverse QTL mapping studies revealing common genomic regions for target traits.In the present study,128(33.59%)out of 381 reported QTL(from 82 studies)for FDR could be projected on the maize genome through MQTL analysis.It revealed 38 MQTL for FDR(12 diseases)on all chromosomes except chromosome 10.Five MQTL namely 1_4,2_4,3_2,3_4,and 5_4 were linked with multiple FDR.Total of 1910 candidate genes were identified for all the MQTL regions,with protein kinase gene families,TFs,pathogenesis-related,and disease-responsive proteins directly or indirectly associated with FDR.The comparison of physical positions of marker-traits association(MTAs)from genome-wide association studies with genes underlying MQTL interval verified the presence of QTL/candidate genes for particular diseases.The linked markers to MQTL and putative candidate genes underlying identified MQTL can be further validated in the germplasm through marker screening and expression studies.The study also attempted to unravel the underlying mechanism for FDR resistance by analyzing the constitutive gene network,which will be a useful resource to understand the molecular mechanism of defense-response of a particular disease and multiple FDR in maize.

Whole-genome sequencing study to identify candidate markers indicating susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Bama miniature pigs

Background:Hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites have been found to be potential genetic markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,SNPs related to T2DM in minipigs have been less reported.This study aimed to screen the T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP loci in Bama minipigs so as to improve the success rate of the minipig T2DM model.Methods:The genomic DNAs of three Bama minipigs with T2DM,six sibling lowsusceptibility minipigs with T2DM,and three normal control minipigs were compared by whole-genome sequencing.The T2DM Bama minipig-specific loci were obtained,and their functions were annotated.Meanwhile,the Biomart software was used to perform homology alignment with T2DM-related loci obtained from the human genome-wide association study to screen candidate SNP markers for T2DM in Bama miniature pigs.Results:Whole-genome resequencing detected 6960 specific loci in the minipigs with T2DM,and 13 loci corresponding to 9 diabetes-related genes were selected.Further,a set of 122 specific loci in 69 orthologous genes of human T2DM candidate genes were obtained in the pigs.Collectively,a batch of T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP markers in Bama minipigs,covering 16 genes and 135 loci,was established.Conclusions:Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of the orthologous genes in pigs that corresponded to the human T2DM-related variant loci successfully screened out T2DM-susceptible candidate markers in Bama miniature pigs.Using these loci to predict the susceptibility of the pigs before constructing an animal model of T2DM may help to establish an ideal animal model.

A Sensor Network Coverage Planning Based on Adjusted Single Candidate Optimizer

Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are widely used for various practical applications due to their simplicity and versatility.The quality of service in WSNs is greatly influenced by the coverage,which directly affects the monitoring capacity of the target region.However,low WSN coverage and uneven distribution of nodes in random deployments pose significant challenges.This study proposes an optimal node planning strategy for net-work coverage based on an adjusted single candidate optimizer(ASCO)to address these issues.The single candidate optimizer(SCO)is a metaheuristic algorithm with stable implementation procedures.However,it has limitations in avoiding local optimum traps in complex node coverage optimization scenarios.The ASCO overcomes these limitations by incorporating reverse learning and multi-direction strategies,resulting in updated equations.The performance of the ASCO algorithm is compared with other algorithms in the literature for optimal WSN node coverage.The results demonstrate that the ASCO algorithm offers efficient performance,rapid convergence,and expanded coverage capabilities.Notably,the ASCO achieves an archival coverage rate of 88%,while other approaches achieve coverage rates below or equal to 85%under the same conditions.

Proteomics analysis provides novel biomarkers and therapeutic target candidates in the treatment of the Huang-Pu-Tong-Qiao formula in an AD rat mode

Background:Huang-Pu-Tong-Qiao formula(HPTQ),a traditional Chinese herbal formula,has a variety of pharmacological effects.It has been used to treat Alzheimer’s disease(AD)for decades.This study aimed to screen differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus of AD model rats treated with HPTQ.Proteomic studies of the effects of HPTQ on AD are key to understanding the therapeutic mechanisms of HPTQ and identifying potential therapeutic targets.Methods:We hence used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(ITRAQ)approach to investigate the differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus of AD model rats before and after HPTQ administration and to identify the potential therapeutic target proteins of HPTQ.In this study,the learning and memory abilities of AD rats were examined by the Morris water maze test.After HPTQ administration,the differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus of AD rats were quantified and analyzed in silico.Furthermore,western blotting was used to verify the expression of related proteins.Results:The Morris water maze results showed that HPTQ could improve the learning and memory ability of AD model rats.The proteomics analysis results showed that 57 proteins were differentially expressed,of which 35 were up-regulated and 22 were down-regulated.Bioinformatics analysis indicated that proteins with altered expression after HPTQ treatment were involved in several biological processes that have the potential to exert neuroprotective effects.These included promoting the translation of ribosomes,improving the deposition of amyloid-beta(Aβ),regulating autophagy,regulating neuronal synaptic function and plasticity,and alleviating oxidative stress.Conclusion:In conclusion,we identified several potential therapeutic target proteins and related mechanistic pathways of HPTQ in the treatment of AD,laying the foundation for further investigation of the therapeutic effects of HPTQ.

2022年四川芦山M_(S)6.1地震前应力状态研究

为研究2022年6月1日四川芦山M_(S)6.1地震的孕育和发生过程,采用CAP方法反演了2013年芦山M_(S)7.0主震及M_(S)≥5.0余震的震源机制解,并基于应力张量方差与b值时空分布特征,探讨了芦山M_(S)6.1地震的力学机制和震源区的应力状态。结果表明:2022年芦山M_(S)6.1地震震源机制表现出与2013年芦山M_(S)7.0主震和5级余震相似的逆冲型破裂特征,压应力轴方位与龙门山断裂带南段区域应力场一致。2013年芦山M_(S)7.0地震后震中及附近的应力张量方差和b值长期处于低值状态,2022年芦山M_(S)6.1地震前震中及附近出现了应力张量方差和b值的低值异常,表明芦山余震区处于较高的应力水平。分析认为:巴颜喀拉块体持续东向运动受到华南块体的阻挡,震中所在区域长期受挤压逆冲作用,从而使芦山余震区长期处于应力积累的状态,芦山M_(S)6.1地震也是在这种动力学背景下发生的。

阴道卷曲乳杆菌S层蛋白多样性研究

目的:分析比较西安市女性阴道卷曲乳杆菌S层蛋白的多样性及NCBI数据库中阴道来源卷曲乳杆菌S层蛋白的多样性。方法:选取100例妇科患者的阴道分泌物标本作为研究对象,从其中10例标本中分离得到480株卷曲乳杆菌,其中两株卷曲乳杆菌S层蛋白有明显差异,对其进行全基因组测序;并从NCBI数据库中下载人阴道源的卷曲乳杆菌全基因组数据,分析并比较西安市来源与数据库来源的卷曲乳杆菌S层蛋白的多样性。结果:S层蛋白注释基因具有菌株内和菌株间的多样性,同一套基因组中有多个S层蛋白注释基因,菌株间的相似性偏差较大,通过系统发育分析发现,中国人阴道卷曲乳杆菌的S层蛋白基因与其他人种的具有系统发育相似性。结论:阴道卷曲乳杆菌S层蛋白具有菌种间和菌株间多样性的特征,不同人种的卷曲乳杆菌具有相似性。

结合主动光源和改进YOLOv5s模型的夜间柑橘检测方法

【目的】解决夜间环境下遮挡和较小柑橘难以准确识别的问题,实现采摘机器人全天候智能化作业。【方法】提出一种结合主动光源的夜间柑橘识别方法。首先,通过分析主动光源下颜色特征不同的夜间柑橘图像,选择最佳的光源色并进行图像采集。然后,提出一种夜间柑橘检测模型BI-YOLOv5s,该模型采用双向特征金字塔网络(Bi-FPN)进行多尺度交叉连接和加权特征融合,提高对遮挡和较小果实的识别能力;引入Coordinate attention(CA)注意力机制模块,进一步加强对目标位置信息的提取;采用融入Transformer结构的C3TR模块,在减少计算量的同时更好地提取全局信息。【结果】本文提出的BI-YOLOv5s模型在测试集上的精准率、召回率、平均准确率分别为93.4%、92.2%和97.1%,相比YOLOv5s模型分别提升了3.2、1.5和2.3个百分点。在所采用的光源色环境下,模型对夜间柑橘识别的正确率为95.3%,相比白光环境下提高了10.4个百分点。【结论】本文提出的方法对夜间环境下遮挡和小目标柑橘的识别具有较高的准确性,可为夜间果蔬智能化采摘的视觉精准识别提供技术支持。

献血者HBVs基因变异的生物信息学分析

目的分析HBV DNA+/HBsAg-献血者的传染性指标、S区基因序列突变情况及生物信息学特征变化。方法通过PCR方法筛查出1份HBV DNA+/HBsAg-的标本,应用酶联免疫和化学发光方法检测该标本乙肝病毒5项指标,对该标本HBVs区基因片段测序并分析变异情况,应用分析软件对所测序列进行生物信息学分析。结果该标本HBV DNA+、HBsAg-、HBsAb+、HBeAg+、HBeAb-、HBcAb+;HBVs区基因序列内发生氨基酸单位点突变(P151L),空间结构发生改变。结论HBVs区基因序列空间结构改变,可能是导致检测结果出现血清学HBsAg-/HBsAb+/HBV DNA+的原因。

在片S参数计量比对结果浅析

中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所作为主导实验室开展了在片S参数计量比对工作,对参比实验室提交的在片S参数测量结果进行了汇总分析,并用E_n值对各参比实验室测量结果进行了评价。通过在片S参数计量比对,确保了量值传递的准确、可靠,特别是对在片S参数测量不确定度的主要来源统一了认识。同时也为业内提供了在片S参数测量一致性的比较平台。